1、EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EN 283:1991 EUROPAISCHE NORM July 1991 I transpor, freight UDC : 621.869.888:620.1 _. - Descriptors: Rail transport, road transport, freight containers, tests li. English version Swap bodies - Testing I Caisses mobiles - Essais Wechselbeh ter - Prfung This ur. Dean
2、 Standard was approved by CEN on 1991-07-10 CEN membcrs are bound to comply with the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations which s ipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard status o a national standard without any alteration. the Up-to-da e 1 ists and bibliographical references concerning
3、such standard may be obtained on application to the Central Secretar any CEN ember. This Eurciean Standard exists in three official versions (English German). A version in any other language made by translation responsibllity of a CEN member into its own language and notif Central Secretariat has th
4、e same status as the official versions. nat iona 1 at or to French, under the ed to the CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, SHitzerland and Uni
5、ted Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardizat Comit Europeen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung on Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36. 8-1050 Brussels Ref. No. EN 283:1991 E - CEN EN*Z83 93 m 3404589 O035639 3 m Page 2 EN 283:1991 Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Object and field of a
6、pplication Normative references Definitions General requirements Testing CSC-Testing Marking Page 4 4 4 6 7 12 12 16 Annex A (informative) Additional CSC-tests Annex B (normative) Determination of the risk 17 of tipping Annex C (informative) List of Competent certi- 18 fication authorities Annex D (
7、informative) Bibliography 19 Page 3 EN 283:1991 Foreword The purpose of this standard is to combine the national standards into one single European Standard to ensure for the future a free, unimpeded circulation of swap bodies in Europe within the road/rail transport chain . This draft European Stan
8、dard was prepared by CEN/TC 119 “Swap 1 bodies“ the secretariat of which is held by Normenausschu Kraftfahrzeuge (FAKRA), a subdivision of Deutsches Institut fr Normung (DIN). At the 2nd meeting of CEN/TC 119 in Frankfurt/M. in May 1988 the basic decisions for publication of a draft European Standar
9、d had been taken. At that meeting delegations from the following countries participated: Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Swe- den, United Kingdom. In accordance with the Common CEN/CENELEC Rules, the following cowtries are bound to implement this European
10、Standard : Austfia, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netlrlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Page 4 EN 283:1991 1 Object and field of application This European Standard lays down the basic testing requirements for sw
11、ap bodies of class A, B and C, which are suitable for conveyance by road and rail vehicles, including interchange between these modes of transport. This standard does not apply to specific cargo swap bodies (e.g. tank type swap bodies). 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisio
12、ns which, through refe- rence in this text, constitute provisions of this European Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision,and parties to agreements based on these International Standards are en- couraged to investigate the possi
13、bility of applying the most recent editions of the standards listed below. Members of CEN maintain registers of currently valid International and Euro- pean Standards. IS0 668-1988 Series 1 Freight containers - Clasci- fication, dimensions and ratings IS0 1161-1984 Series 1 Freight containers - Corn
14、er fittings - Specification 3 Definitions For the purpose of this European Standard, the following defi- nitions apply: 3.1 Swap body Article of transport equipment - having a mechanical strength designed only for rail and road vehicle transportation on land or on ferries, and for this reason it doe
15、s not necessarily fulfil conditions such as those of IS0 series 1 containers. - having a width and/or a length exceeding those of IS0 series 1 containers of equivalent basic size, for better utilization of the dimensions allowed for road traffic. CEN EN*2B3 91 E 3404589 0015622 3 E Page 5 EN 2831991
16、 - being fixed and secured to the vehicles with the same. devices as those of IS0 containers of series 1. For this reason these devices are fixed as specified by IS0 668 and IS0 1161, but due to the size difference, they are not always located at the swap body corners. which, generally, cannot be st
17、acked (see clause 6) which can be handled with grappler arms and with slings - which, for class C , can be set from road vehicles on .-support legs and removed from them with on-board means. . 5 3.2 Box type swap body Swap body, totally enclosed and weather-proof, having a rigid roof, rigid side wal
18、ls, rigid end walls and a floor and having at least one of its end walls or side walls equipped with doors. - 3.3 Open sided swap bodies Swap body with folding side walls and movable or removable canvas normally supported on movable or removable roof bows. 3.4 Curtainsder swap body Swap body having
19、a rigid roof, rigid end walls and flexible, movable side walls, for example made of canvas or plastic material normally supported on movable webbing. Cargo securing devices are mandatory for swap bodies of cur- tainsider type. Testing of cargo securing devices in swap bo- dies shall be done accordin
20、g to EN 1)- . 3.5 Drop sided swap body Swap body having folding and/or fixed side boards. 3.6 Rating The gross mass, R of a swap body in the laden condition which is both the maximum mass for operation and the minimum mass for testing. R = P+T where P = maximum payload T = Tare 1) in proparation 3.7
21、 Tare The mass of the unladen swap body. 4 General requirements 4.1 Each swap body shall show technical characteristics at least equivalent to those satisfying all the tests listed in clause 5 so far as they are applicable to the design of swap body under consideration. In the case of swap bodies of
22、 identical construction (series production) it is acceptable for a single unit to undergo all the following tests, provided that the inspecting authority required to give type approval is satisfied that the other swap bodies have technical characteristics at least equivalent to 1 those of the swap b
23、ody tested. Any proposal to alter plans or manufacturing procedures shall be submitted to the inspecting authority in advance who will decide whether to repeat the whole or part of the tests. The swap body under test shall be considered as being approved, provided that the. following conditions are
24、met: Upon completion of any of the following tests the swap body shall show neither permanent de- formation which will render it unsuitable for use nor abnormality which will render it un- suita9le for use, and the dimensional require- ments affecting handling, securing and inter- change shall be sa
25、tisfied. This approval will extend to a11 identical series produced, swap bodies subject to any production tests as required by the inspection authority. 4.2 Unless otherwise stated, swap bodies shall be capable of withstanding the tests specified in 5.1 to 5.10 inclusive, as applicable. Swap bodies
26、 shall be tested in the condition in which they are designed to be operated. Also, swap bodies equipped with removable structural items shall be tested with these items in position. It is recommended that the test for weatherproofness (see 5.9) be carried out last. 4.3 Supporting legs shall also be
27、tested separately, see 5.11. 4.4 its supporting legs shall be determined according to annex B. The risk of overturning of an empty swap body standing on . . CEN EN*K283 91 = 3404589 0015624 7 Page 7 EN 283:1991 5 Testing 51 Transportation strength 6. N O T E : This test shall be carried out to prove
28、 the ability of the base structure 0f.a swap body to withstand the vertical forces under dynamic conditions encountered in railway ope- rations. 5,l.l The swap body uniformly loaded to 1,5 R shall be placed on four level pads, one under each bottom fitting. The pads shall be centralized under the fi
29、ttings and shall be substantially of the same plan dimensions as the fittings. The swap body shall be free to deflect. The swap body shall be supported for at least 5 minutes. The test procedure for swap bodies of class A designed for transportation without centre supports shall be the same as requi
30、red above except that.in this case the combined mass of swap body and test load shall be 2 R. Swap bodies transported without centre supports 5.1.2 Swap bodies of class A designed for transportation with centre supports - The test procedure described in 5.1.1 with 1,5 R shall be applied. In an addit
31、ional 2nd test, level pads shall be placed under each intermediate support (load transfer zone). The max. force measured on the intermediate supports on each side of the swap body shall not exceed 75 kN during the entire test period. 5.2 Lifting from the slinging apertures This test shall be carried
32、 out to prove the ability of a swap body to withstand being lifted from its side bottom apertures. The swap body uniformly loaded to 1,5 R shall be lifted from all four side bottom apertures in such a way that no signifi.- cant accelerations or decelerations are applied. The lifting forces shall be
33、applied approximately vertically. The lifting device shall not exert any pressure on the side walls of the swap body. The line of action of the lifting force shall be ap- plied 38 mm clear of the outer face of the side wall of the swap body. The swap body shall remain lifted for 5 minutes. If bottom
34、 littings of swap bodies of class A and B are equipped with side apertures and these apertures are not subjected to the above test, they shall be blanked off. Page 8 EN 283:1991 5.3 Lifting from the base at the grappler am positions - This test shall be carried out to prove the ability of a swap bod
35、y to withstand being lifted from the bake at the grappler arm positions. The swap body uniformly loaded to 1,25 R shall be lifted by four grappler arms or similar devices at the grappler arm positions. Each grappler arm position shall have contact area of approximately 30mmx260 mm, centrally located
36、 at each of the four positions, clear of the safety lips. The swap body shall remain lifted for 5 minutes. 5.4 Lifting from fork-lift pockets (where fitted) The swap body shall have a load uniformly. distributed over the floor in such a way that the combined mass of the swap body and test load is eq
37、ual to 1,6 R, and it shall be supported on two horizontal bars, each 200mm wide, projecting 1828 I3mm into the fork-lift pockets, measured from the outside face of the side of the swap body. The bars shall be centred within the pockets. The swap body shall remain lifted for 5 minutes. 5.5 Restraint
38、(longitudinal) N O T E : of the base strycture of the swap body to withstand longitudinal external restraint under dynamic conditions which imply accelerations or decelerations of 2g, measured at the bottom fittings the test being carried out according to 5.5.1 or 5.5.2. This test shall be carried o
39、ut to prove the ability 5.5.1 Static test The swap body uniformly loaded to 1 R shall be secured longi- tudinally to rigid anchor points through the bottom apertures of the bottom fittings at one end of the swap body. A longi- tudinal load of 2 R (1R per side) shall be applied horizontally through t
40、he bottom apertures of the other bottom fittings, first towards and then away from the anchor points. The test load shall be applied in each direction for 5 minutes. CEN EN*283 91 m 3404589 0025626 O I! Page 9 EN 283:1991 5.5.2 Dynamic test The swap body uniformly loaded to 1 R using material which
41、per- mits to cover as far as possible the entire floor shall be positioned centrally on a wagon. The wagon is then accelerated so that at the moment of impact against a stationary wagon of 80 t a deceleration of 2g is measured on the bottom fittings of the swap body, measurements being taken using a
42、ccelerometers with the resulting signals filtered through a 16 Hz filter. This test shall be carried out in both directions with the swap body secured by the bottom fittings leading in the direction of travel in each case. 5.6 Strength test of end walls N O T E : This test shall be carried out to pr
43、ove the ability of a swap body to withstand forces under the dynamic conditions referred to in 5.5 the test being carried out accrding to 5.6.1 or 5.6.2. However, for special purpose swap bodies having specific cargo equipment (e.g. sliding floor or hanging load) the dynamic test according to 5.6.2
44、is mandatory. 1 5-6.1 Static test The swap body shall be tested each end when only one end wall is equipped with doors. In the case of symmetrical conctruc- tion, one end wall only needs to be tested. Each end wall shall be subjected to an internal loading of 0,4 P. The internal loading shall be uni
45、formly distributed over the end wall under.test. When the end walls are tested separately, the reaction forces shall be applied to the base structure. The test load shall be applied for 5 minutes. 5.6.2 Dynamic test This dynamic test may be carried out together with the test according to 5.5.2. Howe
46、ver, contrary to the provisions shown in 5.5.2, this impact procedure shall be carried out twice in both directions, For this test, the specific design of the swap body (e,g, sliding floor or hanging load) shall be taken into account by appropriate measures. 5.7 N 0.T E : of a swap body to withstand
47、 the forces resulting from trans- verse acceleration during transportation. 5.71 Boxtype swap bodies Strength test of side walls This test shall be carried out to prove the ability Each side wall shall be subjected to an internal loading of 0,3 P. The internal loading shall be uniformly distributed
48、over the side wall under test. In the case of symmetrical construction, one side wall only need be tested. The test load shall be applied for 5 minutes. Page 10 EN 283:1991 5.7.2 Open sided types (Cover/stake body type) $, 5.7.2.1 General The total loading applied to each side wall shall be 0,3 P. I
49、n the case of symmetrical construction, one side wall only need be tested, The test shall be carried out according to 5.7.2.2 or 5.7.2.3. The test load shall be applied for 5 minutes. 5.7.2.2 Testing with test rig The centre of the load of 0,3 P applied to each side wall shall be so arranged that 0,24 P is applied to the lower rigid part of the side wall and simultaneously 0,06 P is applied to the rest of the side wall. In so doing the test, the rig shall not obtain support from the body stakes. 2 The reaction forces shall be applied to the base structure. Typical exa
