1、Method of testing fly ashPart 1: Determination of free calcium oxide contentBS EN 4511:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 4511:2017. It supersedes BS EN 4511:2003 , which is withdr
2、awn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/517/4, Additions for concrete.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
3、Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 90156 0ICS 91.100.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This British Standard was published under the authorit
4、y of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 4511:2017EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 4511May 2017ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 4511:2003EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOM
5、IT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN Ref. No. EN 4511:2017: EAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national MembersMethod of testing fly ash Part 1: Determinatio
6、n of free calcium oxide contentMthode dessai des cendres volantes Partie 1: Dtermination de la teneur en oxyde de calcium librePrfverfahren fr Flugasche Teil 1: Bestimmung des freien CalciumoxidgehaltsThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017.CEN members are bound to comply with
7、 the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Uptodate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENCENELEC Managemen
8、t Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status a
9、s the official versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Net
10、herlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.English VersionEN 451-1:2017 (E)European foreword 31 Scope . 42 Normative references 43 General 43.1 Number of determinations . 43.2 Repeatability and reproducibility. 43.3
11、Expression of masses and volumes . 44 Reagents 44.2 Butan2ol. 44.3 Propan2ol. . 45 Apparatus . 55.6 Spiral reflux condenser. . 56 Procedure. 56.1 Preparation of sample. 56.2 Determination . 56.3 Calculation 67 Result 68 Repeatability and reproducibility 62Contents PageBS EN 4511:2017EN 451-1:2017 (E
12、)European forewordThis document (EN 451-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104 “Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endor
13、sement, at the latest by November 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2017.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for iden
14、tifying any or all such patent rights.This document supersedes EN 4511:2003 .EN 451, Method of testing fly ash, is currently composed with the following parts: Part 1: Determination of free calcium oxide content the present document; Part 2: Determination of fineness by wet sieving.According to the
15、CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hun
16、gary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.3BS EN 4511:2017EN 451-1:2017 (E)1 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the procedure for the de
17、termination of free calcium oxide content in fly ash.The European Standard specifies the reference procedure. If other methods are used it needs to be shown that they give results equivalent to those obtained by the reference method.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part,
18、 are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.EN 4501:2012 , Fly ash for concrete Part 1: Definitio
19、n, specifications and conformity criteriaISO 565, Test sieves Metal wire cloth, perforated metal plate and electroformed sheet Nominal sizes of openingsISO 35341 , Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability3 General3.1 Number of determinationsCa
20、rry out twice the procedure for determining the free calcium oxide content of the sample.If the difference between two determinations is more than twice the repeatability standard deviation, repeat the test and take the mean of the closest values3.2 Repeatability and reproducibilityThe standard devi
21、ations of repeatability and reproducibility, as defined in ISO 3534-1 , are expressed in absolute percentages by mass.3.3 Expression of masses and volumesExpress masses in grams to the nearest 0,000 1 g, measure volumes using a burette and express them in millilitres to the nearest 0,05 ml.4 Reagent
22、sUse only reagents of analytical grade and distilled water, or water of equal purity.4.1 Butanoic acid, 3-oxo-ethyl ester (= ethyl acetoacetate).4.2 Butan-2-ol.4.3 Propan-2-ol.4.4 Indicator (0,1 g of bromophenol blue in 100 ml of ethanol).4.5 Hydrochloric acid (0,100 M).4 BS EN 4511:2017EN 451-1:201
23、7 (E)5 Apparatus5.1 Balance, with a resolution of 0,000 1 g or better.5.2 Test sieve, with 0,063 mm sieve cloth conforming to ISO 565.5.3 Mortar and pestle, or similar equipment for grinding.5.4 Desiccator, containing a drying agent, e.g. silica gel.5.5 Flask, 250 ml.5.6 Spiral reflux condenser.5.7
24、Absorption tube, filled with sodium hydroxide on an inorganic carrier (to protect the contents of the flask and the condenser from reacting with atmospheric carbon dioxide).5.8 Filter crucible, with pore sizes of 0,004 mm to 0,010 mm.NOTE Alternatively also a filter funnel, in which a filter paper w
25、ith fine pores of a diameter of approximately 0,002 mm and a filter paper with medium pores of a diameter of approximately 0,007 mm can be placed, can be used.6 Procedure6.1 Preparation of sampleSubdivide the laboratory sample, prepared in accordance with EN 4501:2012 , Clause 7 by a suitable method
26、 to obtain a subsample of about 20 g. Pass this subsample through the test sieve (5.2). Grind any residue in the mortar (5.3) until all the subsample passes through the sieve completely. Homogenize the total subsample and place it in the desiccator (5.4) until tested.6.2 DeterminationPlace a weighed
27、 portion of 1,0 g to 1,5 g of the subsample prepared in accordance with 6.1 into the 250 ml flask (5.5) and add a mixture of 12 ml butanoic acid, 3-oxo-ethyl ester (4.1) and 80 ml butan-2-ol (4.2). Fit the flask with the spiral reflux condenser (5.6) and the absorption tube (5.7) and boil for 3 h. F
28、ilter the warm mixture through the filter crucible (5.8). Wash the residue with 50 ml propan-2-ol (4.3). If the filtrate is cloudy, reject it and repeat the extraction with a new weighed portion of the sub sample.Add a few drops of bromophenol blue indicator (4.4) to the filtrate and titrate with hy
29、drochloric acid (4.5) until the colour changes to yellow.Record the volume V of hydrochloric acid used.NOTE In addition to colour changes also other procedures for end point determination can be used (e.g. pH value, conductivity).5BS EN 4511:2017EN 451-1:2017 (E)6.3 CalculationThe free calcium oxide
30、 content (W CaO), expressed as a percentage by mass of the dry fly ash, shall be calculated from the following formula:(1)wherec is the concentration (in mol/l) of the hydrochloric acid solution;V is the volume (in ml) of hydrochloric acid solution used for titration;m is the mass of the test portio
31、n (in g) of the dried fly ash;M 28,04 g/mol (1/2 of molar mass of CaO).7 ResultThe mean value of two determinations, calculated to two decimal places and expressed to one decimal place, shall be taken as the free calcium oxide content of the sample.8 Repeatability and reproducibilityThe standard dev
32、iation for repeatability is 0,03 % by mass. (according to laboratory specific information)The standard deviation for reproducibility is 0,09 % by mass. (according to Round Robin Test of 13 laboratories)NOTE It is a measure of the dispersion of the distribution of test results under repeatability (re
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