1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN623-1:2006Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics General and textural properties Part 1: Determination of the presence of defects by dye penetrationThe European Standard EN 623-1:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 81.060g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55
2、g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 623-1:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2006 BSI 2
3、006ISBN 0 580 48647 8National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 623-1:2006. It supersedes BS EN 623-1:1995 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics, which has the re
4、sponsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “I
5、nternational Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a
6、 British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international a
7、nd European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 7 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued sinc
8、e publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 623-1April 2006ICS 81.060 Supersedes EN 623-1:1995 English VersionAdvanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Generaland textural properties - Part 1: Determination of the presence ofdefects by dye penetrati
9、onCramiques techniques avances - Cramiquesmonolithiques - Proprits gnrales et texturales - Partie1: Dtermination de la prsence de dfauts laide dessaide ressuageHochleistungskeramik - Monolithische Keramik -Allgemeine und strukturelle Eigenschaften - Teil 1: Prfungauf Anwesenheit von Oberflchenfehler
10、n durchFarbstoffeindringtestsThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 March 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists
11、 and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibi
12、lity of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
13、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Br
14、ussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 623-1:2006: EEN 623-1:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword.3 1 Scope4 2 Normative references4 3 Apparatus.4 4 Test pieces.4 5 Procedure.5 5.1 Method A: Fuchsine dye test using
15、evacuation5 5.2 Method B: Fluorescent dye test .5 5.3 Method C: Fuchsine dye test using immersion or spraying 5 6 Examination .6 7 Test report6 EN 623-1:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 623-1:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics”, the s
16、ecretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2006. This European
17、 Standard supersedes EN 623-1:1995, which was prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. EN 623 Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics - General and textural properties consists of five parts: Part 1: Determination of the presen
18、ce of defects by dye penetration tests Part 2: Determination of density and porosity Part 3: Determination of grain size and size distribution (characterized by the linear intercept method) Part 4: Determination of surface roughness Part 5: Determination of phase volume fraction by evaluation of mic
19、rographs1The main changes in the new edition are: addition of normative reference to EN ISO 17025; modifications to the apparatus specification and test procedures; modifications to the test report requirements. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations
20、of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Sl
21、ovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. 1At the time of publication of this European Standard, Part 5 was a European Pre-standard. EN 623-1:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This part of EN 623 specifies qualitative methods for determination of the presence of defects in advanced technical ceramics
22、by dye penetration tests. The results are reported as visual observations of dye penetration. Three methods are described: Method A: A fuchsine dye test which is suitable for white or pale-coloured ceramic products, performed using an evacuation test. Method B: A fluorescent dye test which is suitab
23、le particularly for those products where the purple fuchsine has insufficient visual contrast with the ceramic material, performed using a proprietary test kit. Method C: A fuchsine dye test which is performed by simple immersion in or spraying with a dye solution, suitable for routine testing for m
24、ajor defects. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ENV
25、 1006, Advanced technical ceramics Monolithic ceramics Guidance on the selection of test pieces for the evaluation of properties EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005) 3 Apparatus 3.1 For method A, evacuating equipment,
26、capable of reducing the pressure to a value not greater than 2 500 Pa, having a means of measuring the pressure. 3.2 Drying oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 120 C 5 C. 3.3 Open mesh container, fabricated from ceramic or other non-metallic material, and of size appropriate to the test pi
27、ece or test pieces (see Clause 4). 3.4 For method B, source of ultraviolet light. 3.5 For method A, air-tight vessel. 3.6 Hand lens or low-power microscope, of magnification up to about 50X. 4 Test pieces Materials for testing shall be sampled in accordance with the guidance given in ENV 1006. Test
28、pieces should be whole items, or, where this is not possible, fragments of ceramic products in which broken surfaces are exposed. Where required, test pieces should be conditioned to remove absorbed organic material, such as grinding coolant. This may be done by firing in an oxidizing atmosphere to
29、600 C 50 C, maintaining this temperature for 2 h. If this treatment leads to annealing or oxidation EN 623-1:2006 (E) 5 of the surface of the test piece, use an alternative treatment, e.g. 2 h at 400 C 50 C in a vacuum oven. 5 Procedure 5.1 Method A: Fuchsine dye test using evacuation Place the dry
30、test pieces in the container (3.3) and immerse the container in a fresh solution of fuchsine dye in industrial methylated spirits (ethanol) at a concentration of 16 g/l. contained in an airtight vessel. NOTE 1 The choice of solvent for the dye may be important in tests on non-oxide materials. Normal
31、ly for oxides, industrial methylated spirits (ethanol) is adequate, but if problems of wetting arise it is necessary to experiment with different solvents. Necessary precautions in handling solvents should be taken. Seal the vessel and reduce the pressure to using the evacuating equipment (3.1), unt
32、il the solution boils. Maintain this reduced pressure for 5 min. Allow the vessel to return to atmospheric pressure, and remove the test pieces from the solution. Thoroughly wash the test pieces with a warm solution of soap or detergent to remove surface dye. NOTE 2 Mechanical brushing may be used.
33、Rinse the test pieces in water, and dry them in air at 120 C 5 C. Examine the test pieces under good illumination, by eye, or with a hand lens, or with a low power microscope, according to the size of the features expected. 5.2 Method B: Fluorescent dye test Place the dry test pieces in the containe
34、r (3.3) and immerse the container in a solution of fluorescent penetrating fluid, obtained from a dye penetration kit. NOTE 1 This test is carried out at ambient temperature and pressure. After 15 min, remove the container from the fluid, remove the excess fluid from the test pieces in accordance wi
35、th the instructions for the dye kit. Should the instructions specify a developer, follow the procedure so that all surfaces of the test pieces are evenly coated. Examine the test pieces under ultraviolet light (3.4). NOTE 2 Ultraviolet lamps should be operated in accordance with the manufacturers sa
36、fety instructions. 5.3 Method C: Fuchsine dye test using immersion or spraying For the immersion test, place the test pieces in the container (3.3) and immerse the container in a solution of fuchsine dye in industrial methylated spirits (ethanol) of concentration 16 g/l. See 5.1 Note 1. Alternativel
37、y a fuchsine dye testing kit may be used. Agitate the container for at least 30 s and remove from the solution. For the spraying test, spray the test pieces with fuchsine dye solution prepared as above until all surfaces are well covered. Allow to stand for at least 30 s. Thoroughly wash the test pi
38、eces with a warm solution of soap or detergent to remove surface dye. NOTE 1 Mechanical brushing may be used. EN 623-1:2006 (E) 6 Rinse the test pieces in water and dry them in air at 120 C 5 C. If appropriate, apply the dye testing kit developer. Examine the test pieces under good illumination, by
39、eye, or with a hand lens, or with a low power microscope, according to the size of the features expected. NOTE 2 This method is not as rigorous as method A, but is generally adequate for inspection of significant cracking or porosity. 6 Examination The presence of dye coloration after any of the abo
40、ve tests is an indication of penetration via cracks or other defects. The report shall include details of observations as follows: a) clearly defined localized or linear penetration showing the presence of discrete surface defects or cracks; NOTE 1 The presence of dye may be confirmed by breaking th
41、e test pieces to observe a cross-section. NOTE 2 The determination of the presence of small defects (50 m) is uncertain and depends on the techniques employed. b) general surface absorption; NOTE 3 Strong surface absorption of dye, especially fuchsine dye (see 5.1) is indicative either of surface po
42、rosity in un-machined ceramics only, or of surface damage and microcracking in machined and un-machined ceramics, or both. c) no effect. NOTE 4 If no effect is observed when testing a material for the first time, a check on the ability of the solvent to wet the ceramic is recommended. The solvent sh
43、ould be changed and the test repeated if there is any doubt. 7 Test report The test report shall be in accordance with the reporting provisions of EN ISO/IEC 17025, and shall include at least the following information: a) name and address of the testing establishment; b) date of the test; c) on each
44、 page, a unique report identification and page number; d) customer name and address; e) reference to this European Standard, i.e. determined in accordance with EN 623-1; f) authorising signature; g) any deviation from the method described, with appropriate validation, i.e. demonstrated to be accepta
45、ble to the parties involved; h) description of the test material (material type, manufacturing code, batch number, date of receipt, as appropriate); EN 623-1:2006 (E) 7 i) shape and surface condition of the test pieces, including whether or not they were broken and the presence of any glaze (see Cla
46、use 4); j) any conditioning treatment employed (see Clause 4); k) test method used (A, B or C, see Clause 5) including any changes made to the choice of solvent in methods A and C, and the brand name of the kit employed for method B; l) for method A, the pressure to which the vacuum chamber was redu
47、ced (see 5.1); m) means used to examine the test pieces, including the degree of magnification; n) for each test piece, one of three conditions described in Clause 6, including whether or not the test piece was broken after testing; o) comments about the test or test results. BS EN623-1:2006BSI389 C
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