1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14396:2004 Fixed ladders for manholes The European Standard EN 14396:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 97.145 BS EN 14396:2004 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 21 January 2004 BSI 21 January
2、2004 ISBN 0 580 43308 0 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14396:2004. EN 14396 is a candidate “harmonized” European Standard and fully takes into account the requirements of the European Commission mandate M118 “Waste water engineering products”,
3、given under the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC), and intended to lead to CE marking. The date of applicability of EN 14396 as a harmonized European Standard, i.e. the date after which this standard may be used for CE marking purposes, is subject to an announcement in the Official Jou
4、rnal of the European Communities. There are no national product standards that will be affected by the publication of this standard. However, when specifying ladders for manhole access and egress reference should be made to National Annex NB of BS EN 752-3. This national annex contains health and sa
5、fety recommendations agreed with Health and Safety Executive regarding the use of ladders in manholes. These recommendations were used to determine the minimum sizes of access shafts and chambers advised in the annex and have also been incorporated in other British Standards, for example, to set the
6、 distance of the cover opening from the inside wall of precast concrete manholes. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/505, Waste water engineering, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on req
7、uest to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI
8、Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers
9、 to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document
10、 comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 32, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEE
11、UROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14396 January2004 ICS97.145 Englishversion Fixedladdersformanholes Echellesfixespourraccords OrtsfesteSteigleiternfrSchchte ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon28November2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgiv
12、ingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninan
13、yotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland
14、Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allrigh
15、tsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14396:2004:EEN14396:2004(E) 2 Contents page Foreword4 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Terms,definitionsandsymbols .5 3.1 Termsanddefinitions. .5 3.2 Symbols 6 4 Requirements .7 4.1 General7 4.2 Materials7 4.3
16、 Designrequirements . 8 4.3.1 Types.8 4.3.2 Dimensions.8 4.3.3 Surfaceconditions .10 4.3.4 Threadedjoints . .10 4.3.5 Weldedjoints. .11 4.3.6 Rungs11 4.3.7 Attachmenttomanhole . 11 4.4 Loadbearingcapacity. 11 4.4.1 General11 4.4.2 Verticalimposedloadonrungs .11 4.4.3 Ladderstrengthbytestingorcalcula
17、tion . 12 4.4.4 Pulloutforceforanchorageandstrengthofstaybycalculation 12 5 Marking .13 6 Instructionsforinstallationanduse. .13 7 Evaluationofconformity .13 7.1 General13 7.2 Typetesting(initialtestingoftheproduct). 14 7.3 Factoryproductioncontrol(FPC) 14 7.3.1 General14 7.3.2 Equipment.14 7.3.3 Ra
18、wmaterialsandcomponents .14 7.3.4 Producttestingandevaluation 14 7.3.5 Nonconformingproducts. 15 AnnexA (normative) Ageingtestofcompositematerials 16 A.1 Principle16 A.2 Preparationofthesamples .16 A.3 Ageingtest. .16 A.4 Shocktest .16 A.5 Bendingtest .17 A.6 Acceptancecriteria. .17 AnnexB (normativ
19、e) Verticalloadingtestofrungs 1 8 B.1 Apparatus .18 B.2 Procedure .18 B.3 Testreport . .18 AnnexC (normative) Strengthtestofstringersoffixedladderswithtwostringersandfixedladders withonestringer 20 C.1 Testequipment 20 C.2 Procedure .20EN14396:2004(E) 3 C.3 Testreport . .20 AnnexD (normative) Streng
20、thtestofthestringerforfixedladderswithonestringer .21 D.1 Testprocedure .21 D.2 Testreport . .22 AnnexE (normative) Calculationofstrengthofanchorpoints23 E.1 Fixedladderswithtwostringerswithoutfallarrester .23 E.2 Fixedladderswithonestringer. .24 AnnexF (normative) Calculationofthefixedladder.2 5 An
21、nexZA (informative) ClausesofthisEuropeanStandardaddressingtheprovisionsoftheEU ConstructionProductsDirective 27 ZA.1 Scopeandrelevantcharacteristics . 27 ZA.2 Procedureforattestationofconformityoffixedladdersformanholes 28 ZA.3 CEmarkingandlabelling. .29 Bibliography 32EN14396:2004(E) 4 Foreword Th
22、isdocument(EN14396:2004)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC 165“Wastewater engineering”,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyDIN. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyJuly2004,andconflictingnationalstandardsshall
23、bewithdrawnatthelatestby October2005. ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedunderamandategiventoCENbytheEuropeanCommissionandtheEuropean FreeTradeAssociation,andsupportsessentialrequirementsofEUDirective(s). ForrelationshipwithEUDirective(s),seeinformativeannexZA,whichisanintegralpartofthisdocument. AnnexesAto
24、Farenormative. ThisdocumentincludesaBibliography. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark, Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,
25、Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta, Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom.EN14396:2004(E) 5 1Scope Thisstandardappliestopermanentlyfixedladdersinmanholes.Itspecifiestheperformancecriteriaforthe mechanicalstabilityandresistanceprovidingprot
26、ectionagainstfalling. TheladdersspecifiedinthisEuropeanStandardaresuitableforuseinsewage,rainwater,surfacewaterand, subjecttotherequirementsofnationalregulations,potablewaterenvironments. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.
27、These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publi
28、cationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN3531, PersonalprotectiveequipmentagainstfallsfromaheightPart1:Guidedtypefallarrestersincludinga rigidanchorline EN365, PersonalprotectiveequipmentagainstfallsfromaheightGeneralrequirementsforinstructionsforuse andformarking. EN10025, Hotrolledproductso
29、fnonalloystructuralsteelsTechnicaldeliveryconditions. ENV10080,SteelforthereinforcementofconcreteWeldableribbedreinforcingsteelB500Technical deliveryconditionsforbars,coilsandweldedfabric. EN100881, StainlesssteelsPart1:Listofstainlesssteels. EN100883, StainlesssteelsPart3:Technicaldeliverycondition
30、sforsemifinishedproducts,bars,rodsand sectionsforgeneralpurposes. EN10204, MetallicproductsTypesofinspectiondocuments. EN13706, ReinforcedplasticcompositesSpecificationforpultrudedprofiles(allparts). ENISO1791:2000, PlasticsDeterminationofCharpyimpactpropertiesPart1:Noninstrumentedimpact test(ISO179
31、1:2000). ENISO1461, HotdipgalvanizedcoatingsonfabricatedironandsteelarticlesSpecificationsandtestmethods (ISO1461:1999). ENISO48922:1999, PlasticsMethodsofexposuretolaboratorylightsourcesPart2:Xenonarcsources (ISO48922:1994). ENISO14125:1998, FibrereinforcedplasticcompositesDeterminationofflexuralpr
32、operties(ISO14125:1998). 3 Terms,definitionsandsymbols 3.1 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply. 3.1.1 fixedladderwithtwostringers ladder,whichisstationaryandwheretherungsarearrangedbetweenandattachedtothestringersandthe stringerscarrytheloadE
33、N14396:2004(E) 6 3.1.2 fixedladderwithonestringer ladder,whichisstationaryandwheretherungsareattachedtobothsidesofthestringerandthestringercarries theload 3.1.3 fallarrestsystem personalprotectiveequipmentagainstfallsfromaheightcomprisingafullbodyharnessandaconnectingsub systemforfallarrestpurposes
34、3.1.4 restplatform platformlocatedatornearafixedladderthatenablesthepersonclimbingittorest.Itcancompriseoneormore units 3.1.5 handhold handgripsprovidedatthetopoftheladderoratthepointofentrytothemanhole 3.1.6 connector mechanicaldeviceasinsertorfishplatetojoinsectionstogether 3.1.7 section modulesco
35、nsistingofsingleordoublestringersandrungsdesignedtojointogethertoproducefullheightladders 3.1.8 stringer verticalstructuralelementtosupportrungs 3.1.9 stay elementtosupportanddistancealadderfromthemanholewall 3.1.10 rung solidortubularelementfixedtothestringer(s)toprovideafootorhandhold 3.1.11 tread
36、 topsurfaceofarungtoaccommodateafootorhand 3.2Symbols L climbingheightofladder F designloadforcalculationofstrengthforfixingatanchorpoints F 1 verticalloadatrung F 2 designloadforcalculationofthefixedladdersystem F 3 loadforstrengthtestofstringers(0,4kN) F 3 loadforstrengthtestofstringersmultipliedb
37、ythesafetyfactor gsafety factorEN14396:2004(E) 7 4Requirements 4.1General Fixedladdersshallconformtotherequirementsofthisclause. Fixedladdersshallbesuppliedwithmanufacturersinstructionsformountinganduse.Fortheinstallationofthe fixedladders,nationalregulationsshallbeobserved.Informationoninstructions
38、forassemblyanduseshallbe givenbythemanufacturer. Iffallarrestersareused,EN365andregulationsintheplaceofuseshallbetakenintoaccount. 4.2Materials Materialsshallbeselectedtosuittheserviceconditionsattheladdersite. Materialsusedforfixedladdersshallbeoneofthefollowing: steelconformingtoEN10025orENV10080a
39、ndhotdipgalvanisedaccordingtoENISO1461with thicknessaccordingtoTable1; Table1Galvanisingthickness Localcoating(minimum) Meancoating(minimum) a Thicknessofsteel components g/m 2 m m g/m 2 m m 6mm 505 70 610 85 3mmto6mm 395 55 505 70 1,5mmto3mm 325 45 395 55 1,5mm 250 35 325 45 a Ifthefitnessforpurpos
40、eisnotaffected,thethicknessisnotlimitedtoamaximumvalue GlassreinforcedplasticsconformingtoEN13706orequivalentandresistantagainstUVaccordingto annexA; austeniticstainlesssteelconformingtoEN100881orEN100883,minimumgradeX6CrNiTi1810; NOTE ItisrecommendedthatstainlesssteelofgradeX6CrNiMoTi17122(material
41、no.1.4571)accordingto EN100881beusedinsewageanddrinkingwatersystemsandparticularcorrosiveenvironments. Aluminiumalloys,whichhavebeenselectedinaccordancewiththemanufacturingprocessand documentedbyaninspectiondocumentaccordingtoEN10204. Wherematerialslikelytocauseelectrochemicalcorrosionareusedtogethe
42、r,careshallbetakentoprevent corrosion,e.g.byensuringthattheyarenotindirectcontactwitheachother. Forunprotectedaluminiumalloysconsiderationshallbemadewiththechoiceofladdermaterialswhenprevention ofsparkgenerationresultinginexplosionsisrequired. Manholeladders,includingallstays,shallberesistanttocorro
43、sion.Laddermaterialsandcorrosionprotection systemsshallbeselectedaccordingtothemechanicalandchemicalloading,aswellasthethermalstressesto whicheachcomponentwillbesubjected,takingintoconsiderationexpectedoperatingconditions.EN14396:2004(E) 8 4.3Designrequirements 4.3.1Types Fixedladdersformanholesshal
44、lbeoneofthefollowingtypes: Table2Typesoffixedladders Type Designation A Fixedladderwithmovabletopextensions B Fixedladderwithtwostringersandfallarrester C Fixedladderwithonestringerandfallarrester D Fixedladderwithtwostringers E Fixedladderwithonestringer ForladderstypeAthemovabletopextensionshallbetestedaccordingtotheprovisionsintheplaceofuse. 4.3.2Dimensions LadderdimensionsaretobetakenfromTable3.ExamplesofladderdesignareshowninFigure1andFigure2. Thefigure
