1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14456:2004 Products used for treatment of water intended for human consumption Bone charcoal The European Standard EN 14456:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 71.100.80 BS EN 14456:2004 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy
2、and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2004 BSI 30 June 2004 ISBN 0 580 43984 4 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14456:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment, w
3、hich has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the se
4、ction entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
5、 Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor r
6、elated international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last iss
7、ued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14456 June2004 ICS71.100.80 Englishversion Productsusedfortreatmentofwaterintendedforhuman consumptionBonecharcoal Produitsutilisspourletraitementdeleaudestinela consommationhumaineCharbon
8、animal ProduktezurAufbereitungvonWasserfrden menschlichenGebrauchTierkohle ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon16April2004. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Upto
9、datelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownl
10、anguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Por
11、tugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers.
12、 Ref.No.EN14456:2004:EEN 14456:2004 (E) 2 Contents Foreword4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Description .6 4.1 Identification.6 4.1.1 Chemical name(s) 6 4.1.2 Synonym or common names6 4.1.3 Chemical formula.6 4.1.4 CAS Registry Number .6 4.1.5 EINECS Reference .7 4.2
13、 Commercial form .7 4.3 Appearance 7 5 Physical properties7 5.1 Particle size distribution .7 5.2 Density 7 6 Chemical properties 7 6.1 General7 6.2 Purity criteria8 6.2.1 General8 6.2.2 Main impurities and by-products .8 6.2.3 Water-extractable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)8 7 Specific pro
14、perties.8 8 Test methods8 8.1 Sampling.8 8.2 Analysis 8 8.2.1 Particle size distribution .8 8.2.2 Bulk density loose .9 8.2.3 Water content.9 8.2.4 Carbon and acid-insoluble ash determination .9 8.2.5 Water-extractable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.10 9 Labelling, transportation and storage .11 9
15、.1 Means of delivery.11 9.2 Risk and safety labelling according to EU Directives11 9.3 Transportation regulations and labelling12 9.4 Marking .12 9.5 Storage12 9.5.1 Long term chemical stability 12 9.5.2 Storage incompatibilities 12 Annex A (informative) General information on bone charcoal .13 A.1
16、Origin 13 A.1.1 Raw materials.13 A.1.2 Manufacturing process .13 A.2 Typical properties13 A.2.1 Chemical composition 13 A.2.2 Physical properties13 A.3 Hydraulic characteristics 14 A.3.1 Headloss during filtration .14 A.3.2 Expansion during up-flow washing .14 EN 14456:2004 (E) 3 A.4 Use 14 A.4.1 Fu
17、nction14 A.4.2 Means of application .14 A.5 Rules for safe handling and use 14 A.6 Emergency procedures.14 A.6.1 First aid.14 A.6.2 Spillage .14 A.6.3 Fire 14 Bibliography15 EN 14456:2004 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14456:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”,
18、 the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2004. Ann
19、ex A is informative. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, G
20、ermany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14456:2004 (E) 5 Introduction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water intended
21、for human consumption, caused by the product covered by this standard : 1) this standard provides no information as to whether the product may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA ; 2) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European cr
22、iteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of this product remain in force. NOTE Conformity with the standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of the product in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the product covered by this
23、European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. EN 14456:2004 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to bone charcoal used for the treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of bone charcoal and specifies the require
24、ments and the corresponding test methods for bone charcoal. It gives information on its use in water treatment. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places
25、 in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referr
26、ed to applies (including amendments). EN 12901:1999, Products used for treatment of water intended for human consumption Inorganic supporting and filtering materials Definitions. EN 12902, Products used for treatment of water intended for human consumption Inorganic supporting and filtering material
27、s Methods of test. EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specifications and test methods (ISO 3696:1987). ISO 4793, Laboratory sintered (fritted) filters - Porosity grading, classification and designation. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and
28、 definitions given in EN 12901:1999 apply. 4 Description 4.1 Identification 4.1.1 Chemical name(s) Bone charcoal. 4.1.2 Synonym or common names Animal charcoal, bone black. 4.1.3 Chemical formula C + Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 . 4.1.4 CAS Registry Number 1)8021-99-6. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Regist
29、ry Number. EN 14456:2004 (E) 7 4.1.5 EINECS Reference 2)232-421-2. 4.2 Commercial form Bone charcoal is available in various size ranges. 4.3 Appearance The product consists of black granules of irregular shape. 5 Physical properties 5.1 Particle size distribution The particle size distribution shal
30、l be described by either : a) effective size d 50uniformity coefficient U minimum size d 1or b) particle size range and mass fraction of oversize and undersize particles. The proportion of oversize and undersize particles shall be within the manufacturers declared values. 5.2 Density The bulk densit
31、y (loose) shall be within 10 % of the value specified by the manufacturer or supplier. NOTE The bulk density (loose) should be in the range of 600 kg/m 3to 670 kg/m 3 . 6 Chemical properties 6.1 General Bone charcoal is a carbonaceous adsorbent, manufactured by controlled carbonisation in a reducing
32、 atmosphere, from selected grades of cattle-bone. The product consists of a carbon component (about mass fraction 10 %) contained within a hydroxyapatite ( Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ) structure. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. EN 14456:2004 (E) 8 Both the carbon compon
33、ent and the hydroxyapatite structure have an internal porosity, and each separate component accounts for about half the total surface area of the product. 6.2 Purity criteria 6.2.1 General This European Standard specifies the minimum purity requirements for bone charcoal used for the treatment of wa
34、ter intended for human consumption. Limits are given for impurities commonly present in the product. Depending on the raw material and the manufacturing process other impurities can be present and, if so, this shall be notified to the user and when necessary to relevant authorities. NOTE Users of th
35、is product should satisfy themselves that it is of appropriate purity for treatment of water intended for human consumption, taking into account raw water quality, contents of other impurities and additives used in the products not stated in the product standard, and other relevant factors. Limits h
36、ave been given for impurities and chemical parameters where these are likely to be present in significant quantities from the current production process and raw materials. If a change in the production process or raw materials leads to significant quantities of impurities, by-products or additives b
37、eing present, this shall be notified to the user. 6.2.2 Main impurities and by-products The product shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 1. Table 1 Main impurities and by-products Impurity Mass fraction, % Acid-insoluble ash max. 5 Water max. 8 6.2.3 Water-extractable polycyclic arom
38、atic hydrocarbons (PAH) When tested in accordance with 8.2.5 the total PAH concentration in each extract shall not exceed 0,02 g/l. 7 Specific properties Bone charcoal, because of its hydroxyapatite structure, exhibits a buffering capability which imparts alkalinity to any water treated by the produ
39、ct. Unlike conventional activated carbons, which are manufactured from cellulosic materials and comprise amorphous elementary carbon, bone charcoal is made from bone which is crystalline in form and the product itself retains much of this crystallinity. 8 Test methods 8.1 Sampling Prepare the labora
40、tory sample(s) required by the relevant procedures described in EN 12902. 8.2 Analysis 8.2.1 Particle size distribution The particle size distribution shall be determined in accordance with EN 12902. EN 14456:2004 (E) 9 8.2.2 Bulk density loose The bulk density loose shall be determined in accordanc
41、e with EN 12902. 8.2.3 Water content The water content shall be determined in accordance with EN 12902. 8.2.4 Carbon and acid-insoluble ash determination 8.2.4.1 Principle The carbon content and acid-insoluble ash of a sample of bone charcoal are determined jointly. A known mass of ground bone charc
42、oal is digested in acid and the residue filtered, washed, dried and incinerated. The carbon content is determined by mass difference before and after incineration, while acid-insoluble ash is obtained from the mass of residue after incineration. 8.2.4.2 Reagents 8.2.4.2.1 All reagents shall be of a
43、recognized analytical grade and the water used shall conform to grade 3 in accordance with EN ISO 3696. 8.2.4.2.2 Hydrochloric acid, concentrated ( = 1,18 g/ml). 8.2.4.3 Apparatus 8.2.4.3.1 Filter crucibles, sintered, porosity grade P 100 (40 m to 100 m) in accordance with ISO 4793. 8.2.4.3.2 Drying
44、 oven capable of being maintained at (105 5) C. 8.2.4.3.3 Furnace capable of being maintained at 800 C to 850 C. 8.2.4.3.4 Desiccator. 8.2.4.3.5 Hotplate. 8.2.4.4 Procedure Grind a sample of at least 50 g until all of the product will pass through a sieve of nominal aperture size 250 m. Weigh, to an
45、 accuracy of 1 mg, about 5 g of ground sample and transfer quantitatively to a 400 ml beaker. Add 75 ml of water, followed by 25 ml of hydrochloric acid (8.2.4.2.2). Mix the reactants by swirling. Cover the beaker with a watch glass, place on the hotplate (8.2.4.3.5) and bring to the boil. Maintain
46、the state of boiling for 20 min, occasionally washing down the walls of the beaker with a fine jet of water to ensure that all of the sample is subjected to acid digestion. Filter the contents of the beaker, without cooling, under vacuum through a previously conditioned crucible (8.2.4.3.1). Rinse t
47、he beaker with hot water at least twice, adding the rinsings to the crucible. Wash the residue on the filter with hot water. Remove the crucible and dry in the oven (8.2.4.3.2) at (105 5) C for 3 h. After cooling in a desiccator (8.2.4.3.4), reweigh. Place the filter crucible in a furnace (8.2.4.3.3
48、) maintained at 800 C to 850 C for a period of 2 h, then cool in the desiccator and reweigh. 8.2.4.5 Expression of results The content of carbon, X 1 , expressed as percentage mass fraction of product is given by the following equation : EN 14456:2004 (E) 10 () m m m X 100 2 1 1 = (1) where m is the mass of the test portion, in grams ; m 1 is the mass of the crucible plus test portion after drying at 105 C, in grams ;m 2 is the mass of the crucible plus test portion after incinerating at 800 C to 850 C, in grams.The content of acid-insolub
