1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58products Determination of friction properties of films potentially suitable for bondingThe European
2、 Standard EN 14713:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 83.180Adhesives for paper and board, packaging and disposable sanitary BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14713:2005BS EN 14713:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 25 November
3、 2005 BSI 25 November 2005ISBN 0 580 47325 2The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the
4、BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of
5、pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 12, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list o
6、f organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesenquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordT
7、his British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14713:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/52, Adhesives, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European comm
8、ittee any EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14713August 2005ICS 83.180English VersionAdhesives for paper and board, packaging and disposablesanitary products - Determination of friction properties of filmspotentially suitable for bondingAdhsifs pour papier et carton, emballage et pro
9、duitssanitaires jetables - Dtermination des proprits defrottement de films potentiellement adapts au collageKlebstoffe fr Papier und Pappe, Verpackung undHygieneprodukte - Bestimmung des Reibungsverhaltenspotentiell klebefhiger SchichtenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 July 2005.CEN m
10、embers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on applicat
11、ion to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the sa
12、me status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slov
13、enia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN nati
14、onal Members.Ref. No. EN 14713:2005: EEN 14713:2005 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Safety .6 5 Apparatus 6 6 Test specimens .8 6.1 Sampling8 6.2 Preparation of test spectimes 8 7 Procedure 9 7.1 General 9 7.2 Friction mea
15、surement A: Coating against coating.9 7.3 Friction measurement B: Coating against the uncoated side of the test specimen or surface of other material 9 8 Expression of results10 8.1 Static friction .10 8.2 Dynamic friction10 9 Test report .10 Bibliography.12 EN 14713:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This Europea
16、n Standard (EN 14713:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 193 “Adhesives”, the secretariat of which is held by AENOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, a
17、nd conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eston
18、ia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14713:2005 (E) 4 Introduction The friction behaviour is described by a characteri
19、stic coefficient of friction, independent of the test apparatus and test conditions. As the coefficient of friction of potentially adhesive films or layers may be a function of the normal force, FN, and the contact surface and, in the case of dynamic friction, also of the relative speed and other dy
20、namic parameters, these parameters have also been specified in this European Standard. The tests can be carried out with the potentially adhesive layers sliding over themselves or coated side over the reverse side of a substrate or other surfaces of metals or plastics. The coefficient of friction do
21、es not allow a comprehensive assessment to be made of the machinability on packaging or processing machines as under the conditions encountered in practice, the friction phenomena are generally accompanied by other effects, e. g. electrostatic charges, air cushion, local rise of temperature, abrasio
22、n, etc. EN 14713:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods to assess the coefficients of friction of potentially adhesive films or layers, such as coatings with reactivable adhesives, hot melts or waxes, for use with paper and board, packaging and disposable sanitary products.
23、 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 923:1998, Adh
24、esives Terms and definitions EN 1067, Adhesives Examination and preparation of samples for testing EN ISO 15605, Adhesives Sampling (ISO 15605:2000) ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing Specifications 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard, the te
25、rms and definitions given in EN 923:1998 and the following apply. 3.1 friction resistance against sliding of two surfaces in contact with each other NOTE A distinction is made between static friction and dynamic friction. 3.2 static friction threshold value of the friction between two relatively sta
26、tic bodies, where the force applied is insufficient to cause relative motion which has to be overcome at the onset of sliding motion 3.3 dynamic friction friction between two bodies in relative motion to each other which remains after the static friction has been overcome at the given sliding speed
27、3.4 static frictional force (FS) force necessary to overcome the static friction 3.5 dynamic frictional force (FD) force necessary to overcome the dynamic friction 3.6 normal force (FN) force acting perpendicularly to the two surfaces in contact EN 14713:2005 (E) 6 3.7 coefficient of friction ratio
28、of the frictional force to the normal force 3.8 static coefficient of friction (S) ratio of the static frictional force to the normal force 3.9 dynamic coefficient of friction (D) ratio of the dynamic frictional force to the normal force 4 Safety Persons using this European Standard shall be familia
29、r with normal laboratory practice. This European Standard does not purport to address all the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish health and safety practices and to ensure compliance with any European or regulatory conditions. 5 Apparat
30、us The test apparatus consists generally of a driving mechanism to produce a uniform relative motion between two sliding surfaces and a load cell to record the frictional force. The relative motion between the two surfaces may be produced in any suitable way, e.g. by means of a moving table (see Fig
31、ure 1a) or by moving the measuring device in the opposite direction. Even the vertical motion of a tensile testing machine may be utilized if the frictional force or the motion that induces the friction is deflected in the vertical direction by a pulley (see Figure 1b). The force is recorded continu
32、ously by means of a suitable recording device. EN 14713:2005 (E) 7 a) horizontal motion b) vertical motion Key for Figure 1 a) and b) 1 Sledge 2 Test specimens 3 Testing table (rigid or movable) 4 Load cell 5 Reinforcement plate 6 Spring 7 Double-faced adhesive tape 8 Direction of motion Figure 1 Te
33、st apparatus for the determination of friction properties EN 14713:2005 (E) 8 The test apparatus shall meet the following requirements: 1) supporting surface of the testing table (see 3 in Figure 1) shall be flat and smooth; 2) normal force shall be generated by a sledge (see 1 in Figure 1) with a s
34、quare-shaped contact surface of approximately 4 000 mm2and an edge length of 63 mm. For the purpose of uniform distribution of pressure, the base of the sledge shall be covered with an elastic material 2 mm to 3 mm thick, e.g. rubber. Care shall be taken to ensure that the structure of this material
35、 is smooth enough to avoid embossing thin layers. The total mass of the sledge shall be (200 2) g; 3) motion that induces the friction process shall be free of vibration and shall have a speed of (100 10) mm/min; 4) deviation of the force measuring system, including the recording instrument, shall n
36、ot exceed 2,5 %. The direction in which the frictional force is applied shall be in line with the frictional plane; 5) for the measurement of static friction, the coefficient of elasticity of the force measuring system shall be adjusted to (2 0,2) N/cm by means of an interconnected spring. For the m
37、easurement of the dynamic friction, the spring shall be replaced by a rigid connection if the vibromotive force effect occurs. The inertia of the mass of the sledge induces an additional force at the beginning of the sledge movement. Thus, the coefficient of friction is increased by a slight amount
38、: gmDv/= (1) where v is the speed of the sledge relative to the testing table; m is the mass of the sledge; g is the acceleration of gravity (= 9810 mm/s2); D is the coefficient of elasticity. 6 Test specimens 6.1 Sampling Take a sample of the adhesive to be tested in accordance with EN ISO 15605. E
39、xamine and prepare it for testing in accordance with EN 1067. 6.2 Preparation of test spectimes For each measurement two test specimens, each measuring approximately 80 mm x 200 mm, are required. At least three such pairs, uniformly distributed over the width of the sheeting, or in the case of tubul
40、ar film, over the circumference, shall be tested. Unless otherwise specified, the longitudinal axis and thus the testing direction shall be parallel to the direction of the film or of the wax or adhesive coating. Extreme care shall be taken when handling the test specimens. Fingerprints, dust and an
41、y other foreign matter shall be avoided. Testing of three pairs of test specimens represents a minimum for estimating the scatter. Depending on the intended precision and the homogeneity of the material under test, the number of tested specimens may have to be increased. EN 14713:2005 (E) 9 Unless o
42、therwise specified, the test specimens or the samples from which the test specimens are to be taken shall be conditioned for at least 16 h in a 23/50 standard atmosphere in accordance with ISO 554. Many films contain additives which may migrate to the surface during the conditioning period and alter
43、 the frictional properties. As these effects are time-dependent, results of measurements made on these films shall be related to the date of manufacture of the film. 7 Procedure 7.1 General Testing shall be carried out in standard atmosphere in accordance with ISO 554. For the tests described in 7.2
44、 and 7.3, apparatus as shown in Figure 1 shall be used. If a different, but equivalent arrangement is used, the procedure shall still be the same. Any deviations from the parameters specified, in response to special conditions encountered in practice, shall be stated in the test report (see h of Cla
45、use 9). 7.2 Friction measurement A: Coating against coating Fix the first specimen (see Figure 1) to the testing table with double-faced adhesive tape, the longitudinal axis of the specimen coinciding with that of the testing table. Lay the second specimen on top of the first one and place the sledg
46、e on top gently without shock or additional pressure, connect to the load cell via the spring, the connection to the load cell shall not yet be tensioned. The clearance shall not exceed 2 mm. After 15 s, start the motion of the testing table and the recording of the frictional force. After approxima
47、tely 60 mm travel, the test may be ended. If, after the static friction has been overcome, the vibromotive force effect occurs, the oscillations of the force on the graph mean that the dynamic frictional force cannot be determined. In this case, the dynamic coefficient of friction shall be determine
48、d by a separate measurement (on new specimens), the spring being replaced by a rigid connection. 7.3 Friction measurement B: Coating against the uncoated side of the test specimen or surface of other material If the frictional behaviour of a coated surface of a substrate is to be determined against
49、its reverse side or against a surface made of another material, the material under test shall be fixed to the testing table. Otherwise, the same test procedure shall be used in accordance with 7.2. The coefficients of friction so determined are not material-specific parameters, but are dependent on both the materials and the surface finishes of the two sliding surfaces. If different coated surfaces are measured against the same metal surface, it should be remembered that the surface properties may change as
