1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15031:2013Chemicals used for treatmentof swimming pool water Aluminium based coagulantsBS EN 15031:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK imp
2、lementation of EN 15031:2013. Itsupersedes BS EN 15031:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CII/59, Chemicals for drinking water treatment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.T
3、his publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 80013 9ICS 13.060.25; 71.100.80Compliance with a British Standard cann
4、ot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15031:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15031 May 2013 ICS
5、71.100.80 Supersedes EN 15031:2006English Version Chemicals used for treatment of swimming pool water - Aluminium based coagulants Produits chimiques utiliss pour le traitement de leau des piscines - Coagulants base daluminium Produkte zur Aufbereitung von Schwimm- und Badebeckenwasser - Flockungsmi
6、ttel auf AluminiumbasisThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 March 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists an
7、d bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
8、responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugosla
9、v Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE
10、 NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15031:2013: EBS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 Int
11、roduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Description . 5 3.1 Aluminium sulfate 5 3.2 Aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) . 8 3.3 Sodium aluminate 11 3.4 Polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyalumin
12、ium chloride hydroxide sulfate . 14 4 Purity criteria 16 4.1 General . 16 4.2 Composition of commercial product . 17 4.3 Impurities and main by-products 17 4.4 Chemical parameters . 18 5 Test methods 18 5.1 Sampling . 18 5.2 Analyses . 19 6 Labelling - transportation - storage . 20 6.1 Means of deli
13、very . 20 6.2 Risk and safety labelling in accordance with the EU directives . 20 6.3 Transportation regulations and labelling 23 6.4 Marking . 24 6.5 Storage . 24 Annex A (informative) General information on aluminium based coagulants 26 A.1 Origin 26 A.2 Use 26 Annex B (normative) General rules re
14、lating to safety . 28 B.1 Rules for safe handling and use 28 B.2 Emergency procedures 28 Bibliography 29 BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15031:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 “Water supply”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This Euro
15、pean Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the e
16、lements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 15031:2006. Significant technical differences between this edition and EN 15031:2006 are as follows: Updating of s
17、ubclause 6.2 in line with current legislation According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Form
18、er Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 4 Intro
19、duction In respect of potential adverse effects on the quality of water for swimming pools, caused by the products covered by this European Standard: a) this European Standard provides no information as to whether the products may be used without restriction in any of the Member States of the EU or
20、EFTA; b) it should be noted that, while awaiting the adoption of verifiable European criteria, existing national regulations concerning the use and/or the characteristics of these products remain in force. NOTE Conformity with this European Standard does not confer or imply acceptance or approval of
21、 the products in any of the Member States of the EU or EFTA. The use of the products covered by this European Standard is subject to regulation or control by National Authorities. BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable to aluminium based coagulants (aluminiu
22、m sulfate, aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric), sodium aluminate and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide and polyaluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate) used directly or for the production of formulations for treatment
23、 of water for swimming pools. It describes the characteristics of aluminium based coagulants and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for aluminium based coagulants. It gives information on their use in swimming pool water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to
24、safe handling and use (see Annex B). 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the ref
25、erenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1302, Chemicals used for treatment of water intended for human consumption Aluminium-based coagulants Analytical methods ISO 3165, Sampling of chemical products for industrial use Safety in sampling ISO 6206, Chemical products for industrial us
26、e Sampling Vocabulary ISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling techniques Solid chemical products in the form of particles varying from powders to coarse lumps 3 Description 3.1 Aluminium sulfate 3.1.1 Identification 3.1.1.1 Chemical name Aluminium sulfate. 3.1.1.2 Synonym or common n
27、ames Aluminium sulfate, cake alum, alum. NOTE In English the generic term “alum“ is imprecise and is deprecated and in German the term “Alaun“ is misleading. 3.1.1.3 Relative molecular mass 342,14 for Al2(SO4)3. 3.1.1.4 Empirical formula Al2(SO4)3. BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 6 3.1.1.5 Chemica
28、l formula Al2(SO4)3.nH2O. 3.1.1.6 CAS Registry Number 1)Al2(SO4)3: 10043-01-3. Al2(SO4)3.16 H2O : 16828-11-8. Al2(SO4)3.18 H2O : 7784-31-8. 3.1.1.7 EINECS reference 2)Al2(SO4)3: 233-135-0. 3.1.2 Commercial forms Aluminium sulfate is available in solid hydrated forms, with different particle sizes (s
29、labs, kibbled, ground, granulated) and in aqueous solutions. 3.1.3 Physical properties 3.1.3.1 Appearance The product is a white solid or colourless to yellow, clear liquid. 3.1.3.2 Density The density of a typical aluminium sulfate solution is given in Table 1 and varies depending on the concentrat
30、ion of the active matter (aluminium content), expressed in grams per kilogram of solution (Al g/kg). Table 1 Density of solution Al g/kg of solution Density at 15 C g/ml 40,8 1,310 41,6 1,315 42,5 1,320 43,3 1,325 44,2 1,330 45,0 1,335 3.1.3.3 Solubility The theoretical limit of active matter conten
31、t for a typical solution is given in Table 2. 1) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number. 2) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 7 Table 2 Solubility Temperature Active matter in Al C g/kg of solution - 1 44,7 24 44,8 The practical limi
32、t of solubility depends on the temperature and the device used for solubilisation of the solid form (slabs, kibbled, ground or granulated). An indication of practical limits is given in Table 3. Table 3 Indication of practical limits of solubility Temperature C Active matter Al g/kg of solution Solu
33、bility in grams solid form (containing Al 90 g/kg of solid) per kilogram of solution 15 37 410 3.1.3.4 Vapour pressure at 20 C Not known. 3.1.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa 3)Not known. 3.1.3.6 Crystallisation point The crystallisation point of aluminium sulfate varies, depending on the concentration
34、of the active matter. For example: - 7 C for a typical solution of aluminium content of 42,4 g/kg of solution. 3.1.3.7 Specific heat Not known. 3.1.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) The viscosity of aluminium sulfate solution varies greatly, depending on the concentration of the active matter. For a typical s
35、olution of aluminium content of 42,4 g/kg of solution, the viscosity is given in Table 4. 3) 100 kPa = 1 bar. BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 8 Table 4 Viscosity Temperature C Viscosity mPa.s 0 40,0 10 26,5 20 18,6 30 13,2 40 8,8 3.1.3.9 Critical temperature Not applicable. 3.1.3.10 Critical press
36、ure Not applicable. 3.1.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.1.4 Chemical properties Aluminium sulfate is an acidic hydrated salt or solution. Very dilute solutions hydrolyse and form a precipitate of aluminium hydroxide. Since aluminium compounds are amphoteric in nature, the solubility of alum
37、inium depends on the pH value and the product should be used within an appropriate pH range. 3.2 Aluminium chloride (monomeric), aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric) and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) 3.2.1 Identification 3.2.1.1 Chemical name a) aluminium chloride (monomeric);
38、 b) aluminium chloride hydroxide (monomeric); c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric). 3.2.1.2 Synonym or common names a) aluminium chloride; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate. BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 9 3.2.1.3 Relative molecular mass 133,
39、3 for AlCl3. 3.2.1.4 Empirical formula a) AlCl3; b) Al(OH)aClbwith (a + b) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05; c) Al(OH)aClb(SO4)cwith (a + b + 2c) = 3 and a less than or equal to 1,05. 3.2.1.5 Chemical formula Variable (see 3.1.4). 3.2.1.6 CAS Registry Number 4)a) 7446-70-0; b) 1) a and b variabl
40、e: 1327-41-9 with a less than or equal to 1,05; 2) a = 1, b = 2: 14215-15-7; c) a, b and c variable: 39290-78-3 with a less than or equal to 1,05. 3.2.1.7 EINECS reference 5)a) 231-208-1; b) 1) 215-477-2; 2) 238-071-7; c) 254-400-7. 3.2.2 Commercial forms Aluminium chloride in the form of hexahydrat
41、e is available as crystals. Liquid forms of aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are available as solutions or suspensions. 3.2.3 Physical properties 3.2.3.1 Appearance The product is colourless to yellow. 4) Chemical Abstracts Service
42、 Registry Number. 5) European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances. BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 10 3.2.3.2 Density The density depends on the particular composition, especially the aluminium ion content, expressed as mass fraction of aluminium (Al ) in %. Typical values for sol
43、utions: a) aluminium chloride: 1,3 g/ml for 5,8 % Al; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: 1,35 g/ml to 1,40 g/ml for 9,5 % Al; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 1,18 g/ml to 1,22 g/ml for 5,3 % Al; 1,18 g/ml for 4,2 % Al. 3.2.3.3 Solubility Aluminium chloride, aluminium chloride hydroxide and al
44、uminium chloride hydroxide sulfate (monomeric) are fully miscible with water. NOTE Depending on the particular product, dilute solutions can hydrolyze and form a precipitate. 3.2.3.4 Vapour pressure Not known. 3.2.3.5 Boiling point at 100 kPa6)Not known. 3.2.3.6 Crystallisation point Typical values
45、for solutions: a) aluminium chloride: - 20 C for 5,8 % Al; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: - 20 C for 9,5 % Al; - 20 C for 12,4 % Al; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 10 C to - 15 C for 5,3 % Al; 5 C for 4,2 % Al. 3.2.3.7 Specific heat Not known. 6) 100 kPa = 1 bar. BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031
46、:2013 (E) 11 3.2.3.8 Viscosity (dynamic) Typical values for solutions at 20 C: a) aluminium chloride solution: 10 mPa.s for 5,8 % Al; b) aluminium chloride hydroxide: 10 mPa.s to 50 mPa.s for 9,5 % Al; c) aluminium chloride hydroxide sulfate: 3 mPa.s to 10 mPa.s for 5,3 % Al. 3.2.3.9 Critical temper
47、ature Not applicable. 3.2.3.10 Critical pressure Not applicable. 3.2.3.11 Physical hardness Not applicable. 3.3 Sodium aluminate 3.3.1 Identification 3.3.1.1 Chemical name Aluminium sodium oxide. 3.3.1.2 Synonym or common name Sodium aluminate. 3.3.1.3 Relative molecular mass 82 for NaAlO2.3.3.1.4 E
48、mpirical formula NaAlO20,1 Na2O.nH2O (n varies from 0,3 to 0,4). 3.3.1.5 Chemical formula NaAlO2. BS EN 15031:2013EN 15031:2013 (E) 12 3.3.1.6 CAS Registry Number 7)11138-49-1. 3.3.1.7 EINECS reference 8)234-391-6. 3.3.2 Commercial form Sodium aluminate is available as solids (powder or granules) or
49、 solutions. 3.3.3 Physical properties 3.3.3.1 Appearance The product is a white powder or granules or colourless to yellow liquid. 3.3.3.2 Density The absolute density of solids products is 2,35 g/cm3. The tamped bulk density (powder) is between 1 g/cm3to 1,2 g/cm3(depends on grain size). The density of solutions is 1,5 g/ml for a solution containing 10 % of active matter, expressed as mass fraction of aluminium in the product (10 % Al). 3.3.3.3 Solubility Sodium aluminate is soluble in water to yield solutions of u
