1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16203:2014Safety of Industrial Trucks Dynamic tests for verificationof lateral stability Counterbalanced TrucksBS EN 16203:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16203:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was
2、 entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/7, Industrial trucks.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The
3、British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 72862 4ICS 53.060Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June
4、 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16203:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16203 June 2014 ICS 53.060 English Version Safety of Industrial Trucks - Dynamic tests for verification of lateral stability - Counterbalanced Trucks S
5、curit des chariots de manutention - Essais dynamiques pour la vrification de la stabilit latrale - Chariots en porte-faux Sicherheit von Flurfrderzeugen - Prfung der dynamischen Standsicherheit - Gegengewichtsstapler This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 February 2014. CEN members are bou
6、nd to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the C
7、EN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
8、has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
9、Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 B
10、russels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16203:2014 EBS EN 16203:2014EN 16203:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Test equipment 6
11、5 Test truck 8 6 Requirements .8 7 Verification 10 8 Documentation 10 Annex A (normative) Equivalent test track layouts 12 Annex B (informative) Friction measurement . 14 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 17
12、 Bibliography . 18 BS EN 16203:2014EN 16203:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16203:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial Trucks - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by
13、publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CE
14、NELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directi
15、ve(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
16、Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 1620
17、3:2014EN 16203:2014 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010. This standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means of conforming to the essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA regula
18、tions. The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the scope of this standard. NOTE 1 The requirement for a dynamic test is intended to be included in EN 16307-1, Industrial trucks Safety requirements and verification Part 1: Supplementary requirements for self-propelled industrial truck
19、s, other than driverless trucks, variable -reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks. The purpose of this standard is to provide a procedure for verifying the lateral stability of the truck while travelling. The procedure can be used as a type test as well as an individual test. The truck is designed s
20、o that when travelling, laden or unladen, it will remain stable while being operated on smooth level ground under conditions of use defined by the manufacturer, e.g. by controlling travelling velocity, steering rate of change, acceleration and deceleration, position of load handling device. To reduc
21、e the risk of lateral instability for lifting, furthermore it is proposed to indicate this misuse of driving with elevated load by signals or by reduction of the driving velocity when exceeding a certain lift height. This requirement is intended to be included in the respective standard in its next
22、revision. NOTE 2 This standard is not intended to completely eliminate the possibility of a lateral tip over in all working conditions, i.e. it is possible to exceed the lateral stability limits if slightly uneven or sloping surfaces combine with unsafe driving practices. BS EN 16203:2014EN 16203:20
23、14 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies dynamic tests for the verification of lateral stability for counterbalanced lift trucks according to EN ISO 3691-1 that have a centre control, sit down, non-elevating operator, with a rated capacity up to and including 5 000 kg when travelling on smo
24、oth level ground with the forks in travelling position. The standard is not applicable for Rough Terrain forklift trucks. NOTE 1 Experience shows that counterbalanced lift trucks with a rated capacity over 5 000 kg are not significantly affected by lateral instability. The requirements are specific
25、to the various drive systems (e.g. Electric-/Internal-Combustion-Engine trucks), taking account of their varying influence on dynamic stability performance. This European Standard does not cover the risk of a lateral tip over associated with driving backwards. NOTE 2 Research has shown that driving
26、backwards in typical working operations, such as unloading of a lorry, does not cause lateral instability. For this reason, only driving forward needs to be tested. Risks due to falling off a loading dock or turning on a ramp are not covered by this European Standard. Risks due to lifting or manoeuv
27、ring operations are covered by the respective stability tests. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
28、 latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3691-1:2012, Industrial trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Self-propelled industrial trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks (ISO 3691-1:2011) ISO
29、5053:1987, Powered industrial trucks - Terminology 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053:1987 and EN ISO 3691-1:2012 and the following apply. 3.1 maximum velocity maximum designed truck velocity according to the manufacturers specifica
30、tions Note 1 to entry: If the truck velocity is automatically reduced in certain load device positions (i.e. lift height dependent), this reduced velocity is the maximum velocity for that load condition. 3.2 test velocity velocity greater than 90 % of the maximum velocity BS EN 16203:2014EN 16203:20
31、14 (E) 6 4 Test equipment 4.1 Test area The test area shall be a flat and smooth area with a hard, clean and dry surface made of concrete, asphalt or equivalent. The lanes shall have no more than 2 % slope in any direction of travel and the slip friction coefficient of tyres and surface shall be bet
32、ween 6.0= and 8.0= . The slip friction coefficient can be measured as described in Annex B. The slip friction coefficient may change by environmental influences (temperature, moisture, intermediary medium) as well as by type and wear condition of tyres and road surface. Therefore, a friction measure
33、ment shall be carried out before each test series. The area shall be clear of all loose chippings, sand or anything similar. The test track shall consist of two perpendicular crossing lanes (see Figure 1). The lanes are defined by lines 1 to 8, of which at least lines 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 shall be conti
34、nuously marked on the ground (e.g. by painted lines, adhesive tape, non-fixed wooden lathes, ropes or chains, etc.). The defining lines shall be marked so they are clearly visible to the operator whilst driving. Whilst the preferred test track will have a shape similar to those of Figure 1, alternat
35、ive test tracks in accordance with Annex A may be used. Key A accelerating area w1 width of the entry lane B entry lane w2 width of the exit lane C manoeuvring area l1 length of the entry lane D exit lane l2 length of the exit lane E braking area lines 1 8 limiting the test track Figure 1 Layout of
36、the test track BS EN 16203:2014EN 16203:2014 (E) 7 The overall dimensions of the test track shall include a sufficient area A to accelerate to reach the test velocity prior to the entry lane B and a sufficient area E for stopping. The dimensions depend on the type and size of the truck and are defin
37、ed as follows: bw = 5,11m with the truck width b as shown in Figure 2 yl =31m with the wheelbase y as shown in Figure 2 24ly= m with the wheelbase y as shown in Figure 2 The dimension w2is defined in 6.2. Key A-A longitudinal plane of truck B-B steering axle C-C load axle b truck width m y wheelbase
38、 m Figure 2 measures of 3-wheel and 4-wheel trucks 4.2 Test set-up and test equipment An appropriate sensor shall be used to measure the travel velocity during the test or, at least, when the forklift truck crosses line 1 (velocity sensor, velocity barrier, etc.). Additional appropriate measures sha
39、ll be used to verify that the accelerator pedal is fully pressed while driving between line 1 and line 6 or line 7 (e.g. contact sensor under the accelerator pedal). Furthermore, appropriate sensors, a video camera or human observers are necessary to detect whether the test is valid. 4.3 Protective
40、equipment and precautions To enable tests with minimal risk to the driver the truck shall be fitted with: a) an operator restraint system, preferably a seat belt, which maintains the driver safety; b) outrigger type stabilizers as protective equipment to prevent the truck tip-over: 1) The test truck
41、 shall be equipped with stabilizers on both sides of the truck. 2) The clearance between the stabilizers and the ground shall be such that tip-over of the vehicle is prevented but a rear wheel lift-off is still possible. For trucks with articulating steer axles, full articulation shall be possible b
42、efore the stabilizers make contact with the ground. BS EN 16203:2014EN 16203:2014 (E) 8 3) The stabilizers shall be fixed rigidly and securely to the truck. 4) The total mass of the stabilizers shall be less than 10 % of the weight of the unladen truck. 5) The position of the centre of gravity of th
43、e truck shall not be lowered by attaching the stabilizers. 4.4 Test Load Test shall be carried out with the unladen truck as defined in Clause 5. 5 Test truck The truck to be tested shall be in a safe and functional state. All equipment attached shall be in accordance to the specification of the man
44、ufacturer of the truck. If the test is to be performed on a sample that is representative for a range of trucks, the test shall be carried out on the truck with the most disadvantageous stability values. The fuel tanks of internal combustion engine trucks shall be filled if stability is thereby decr
45、eased. All other tanks shall be filled to their correct operating levels, as applicable. The test truck shall be fitted with new tyres (max. 10 % of tread wear) which shall comply with the specifications of the manufacturer of the truck. Pneumatic tyres shall be inflated to their correct pressure sp
46、ecified by the truck manufacturer. 6 Requirements 6.1 General Dynamic lateral stability The dynamic lateral stability shall be verified by testing as defined in this standard. Simulation as calculations, computer modelling or other equivalent simulating methods may be used, provided that the results
47、 are validated by testing as defined in this standard. 6.2 Test Criteria The truck shall run the test according to Clause 7 for the measurement w2. w2is defined by the formula: 232bww += m (1) The measurement w3, for electric driven trucks given in Figure 3 and for IC-driven trucks given in Figure 4
48、, depends on the maximum velocity and the truck width b is shown in Figure 2. EXAMPLE To determine the width of the exit lane, w2, for an electric driven truck with a maximum velocity of 10 km/h: Find the maximum truck velocity along the x-axis and record the value of w3on the y-axis where a vertica
49、l line from the maximum truck velocity crosses the graph curve: in this case w3= 5 m. Substitute w3in Formula (1) in 6.2 to determine w2for this specific truck. This requirement is fulfilled if three successful attempts are obtained within a maximum number of twenty attempts. An attempt is successful in the case that it is: a) a valid attempt; BS EN 16203:2014EN 16203:2014 (E) 9 and b) the subsequent relevant criteria are fulfilled: 1) for a three wheel truck with 1 wheel on the rear axle this rear wheel has contact to the ground; or 2)
