1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 45544-1:2015Workplace atmospheres Electrical apparatus used forthe direct detection and directconcentration measurement oftoxic gases and vapoursPart 1: General requirements and testmethodsBS EN 45544-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the
2、 UK implementation of EN 45544-1:2015.It supersedes BS EN 45544-1:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EXL/31/1, Gas detectors.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publicat
3、ion does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 81573 7ICS 13.040.30; 13.320Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immun
4、ity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 45544-1:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 45544-1 January 2015 ICS 13.
5、320; 13.040.30 Supersedes EN 45544-1:1999 English Version Workplace atmospheres - Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours - Part 1: General requirements and test methods Atmosphres des lieux de travail - Appareillage lectriqu
6、e utilis pour la dtection directe des vapeurs et gaz toxiques et le mesurage direct de leur concentration - Partie 1: Exigences gnrales et mthodes dessai Arbeitsplatzatmosphre - Elektrische Gerte fr die direkte Detektion und direkte Konzentrationsmessung toxischer Gase und Dmpfe - Teil 1: Allgemeine
7、 Anforderungen und Prfverfahren This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 24 November 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alt
8、eration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
9、 language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees
10、of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain
11、, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN/CENELEC All rights of ex
12、ploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 45544-1:2015 E BS EN 45544-1:2015EN 45544-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 4 Introduction . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 General require
13、ments . 14 4.1 Introduction 14 4.2 Construction 14 4.2.1 General . 14 4.2.2 Indicating devices . 14 4.2.3 Alarm output functions . 16 4.3 Fault signals . 16 4.4 Adjustments . 16 4.5 Battery-powered apparatus 17 4.6 Gas detection transmitter for use with separate control units . 17 4.7 Separate contr
14、ol units for use with gas detection transmitters . 17 4.8 Apparatus using software and/or digital technologies . 17 4.9 Labelling and marking 17 4.9.1 General . 17 4.9.2 Identification of the gas to be detected . 18 4.10 Instruction manual 18 5 Test methods . 21 5.1 General requirements for tests 21
15、 5.2 Samples and sequence of tests . 21 5.2.1 Test samples 21 5.2.2 Sequence 21 5.2.3 Gas detection transmitters . 21 5.2.4 Separate control units. 21 5.2.5 Test of compliance with general requirements 22 5.2.6 Apparatus with selectable range . 22 5.2.7 Preparation of apparatus before each particula
16、r test 22 5.2.8 Mask for calibration and test 23 5.3 Normal conditions for test 23 5.3.1 General . 23 5.3.2 Test gas(es) 24 5.3.3 Flow rate for test gases 24 5.3.4 Power supply . 24 5.3.5 Temperature . 24 5.3.6 Pressure . 24 5.3.7 Humidity . 24 5.3.8 Stabilization . 25 5.3.9 Orientation . 25 5.3.10
17、Communications options . 25 5.3.11 Gas detection apparatus as part of systems 25 BS EN 45544-1:2015EN 45544-1:2015 (E) 3 5.4 Tests . 25 5.4.1 General . 25 5.4.2 Unpowered storage . 26 5.4.3 Measurement of deviations 26 5.4.4 Mechanical tests 27 5.4.5 Environmental tests 28 5.4.6 Performance tests .
18、30 5.4.7 Electrical tests . 34 5.4.8 Stability . 35 5.4.9 Verification of software and digital components . 35 6 Uncertainty of measurement and lower limit of measurement. 35 6.1 General . 35 6.2 Method of calculation of uncertainty of measurement 36 6.2.1 General . 36 6.2.2 Sources of uncertainty 3
19、7 6.2.3 Calculation of relative expanded uncertainty . 42 6.3 Method of calculation of lower limit of measurement . 42 7 Test report 44 Annex A (normative) Standard test gas volume fractions for EN 45544-2 apparatus . 45 Annex B (informative) Sequence of tests . 47 Annex C (informative) Example of a
20、 test chamber 48 Annex D (informative) Table of significant changes in comparison to EN 45544-1:1999 49 BS EN 45544-1:2015EN 45544-1:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 45544-1:2015) has been prepared by CEN/CENELEC Joint Working Group Continuous Measuring Instruments (JWG CMI). The following date
21、s are fixed: latest date by which this document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-11-24 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with this document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2017-11-24 This document s
22、upersedes EN 45544-1:1999. BS EN 45544-1:2015EN 45544-1:2015 (E) 5 Introduction National laws and regulations based on European Directives require the assessment of the potential exposure of a worker to chemical agents in workplace atmospheres. EN 45544, Workplace atmospheres Electrical apparatus us
23、ed for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours, consists of the following parts: Part 1: General requirements and test methods; Part 2: Performance requirements for apparatus used for exposure measurement; Part 3: Performance requirements for apparatus us
24、ed for general gas detection; Part 4: Guide for selection, installation, use and maintenance. EN 45544 series is based on EN 482 which specifies general performance requirements for procedures for measuring the concentration of chemical agents in workplace atmospheres. These performance requirements
25、 are intended to apply under environmental conditions present at the workplace. However, because a wide range of environmental conditions are encountered in practice, this document specifies requirements that have to be fulfilled by measuring procedures when tested under prescribed laboratory condit
26、ions. EN 45544-2 details the performance requirements outlined in EN 482 specifically for electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours intended for exposure measurement. EN 45544-3 details the performance requirements for general
27、gas detection apparatus, e.g. safety warning, leak detection. The measuring range will be defined by the manufacturer. In general, the requirements for accuracy will be higher for EN 45544-2 apparatus than for EN 45544-3 apparatus. The same apparatus may be used for applications covered by EN 45544-
28、2 and EN 45544-3. EN 45544 series will help manufacturers, test laboratories and users of apparatus to adopt a consistent approach to, and provide a framework for, the assessment of performance criteria. It is the manufacturers primary responsibility to ensure that the apparatus meets the requiremen
29、ts laid down in this European Standard, including environmental influences, which can be expected to affect performance. For a given measurement task, the range over which the requirements for the relative expanded uncertainty have to be met depends on the limit value. However, for most chemical age
30、nts the limit values have not been harmonized at the European level. Therefore, it was decided to use a reference value (standard test gas concentration) instead of the limit value for the performance tests. The list of standard test gas volume fractions is given in Annex A. The values chosen are eq
31、ual to or close to the limit values used in different European countries but are intended to be used only for type testing apparatus without any legal implications. Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours generate readings in
32、 clean air (zero readings), which vary with environmental conditions and time. This standard therefore includes test methods and requirements for acceptable variations in zero readings which are additional to the general requirements of EN 482. BS EN 45544-1:2015EN 45544-1:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This Eu
33、ropean Standard specifies general requirements and test methods for the determination of the performance characteristics of personal, portable, transportable and fixed, continuous duty electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours
34、in workplace atmospheres. This European Standard is applicable to apparatus whose primary purpose is to provide an indication, alarm and/or other output function to give a warning of the presence of a toxic gas or vapour in the atmosphere and, in some cases, to initiate automatic or manual protectiv
35、e actions. It is applicable to apparatus in which the sensor automatically generates an electrical signal when gas is present. This European Standard is not applicable to apparatus: used for the measurement of oxygen; used only in laboratories for analysis or measurement; used only for process measu
36、rement purposes; used in car parks or tunnels; used in the domestic environment; used in environmental air pollution monitoring; used for the measurement of combustible gases and vapours related to the risk of explosion. It also does not apply to open-path (line of sight) area monitors. For apparatu
37、s used for sensing the presence of multiple gases this standard applies only to the detection of toxic gas or vapour. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only
38、 the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 482, Workplace exposure - General requirements for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents EN 45544-2:2015, Workplace atmospheres - El
39、ectrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct concentration measurement of toxic gases and vapours - Part 2: Performance requirements for apparatus used for exposure measurement EN 45544-3:2015, Workplace atmospheres - Electrical apparatus used for the direct detection and direct conce
40、ntration measurement of toxic gases and vapours - Part 3: Performance requirements for apparatus used for general gas detection EN 50270, Electromagnetic compatibility - Electrical apparatus for the detection and measurement of combustible gases, toxic gases or oxygen BS EN 45544-1:2015EN 45544-1:20
41、15 (E) 7 EN 50271, Electrical apparatus for the detection and measurement of combustible gases, toxic gases or oxygen - Requirements and tests for apparatus using software and/or digital technologies EN 60068-2-6, Environmental testing - Part 2-6: Tests - Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (IEC 60068-2
42、-6) EN 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres - Equipment - General requirements (IEC 60079-0) EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions appl
43、y. 3.1 toxic gas general term for any gas or vapour that can be harmful to human health toxic. The term “gas” is used for both gases and vapours 3.2 clean air air that is free of gases or vapours which the sensor is sensitive to or which influence the performance of the sensor 3.3 ambient air normal
44、 atmosphere surrounding the apparatus 3.4 poisons substances that lead to temporary or permanent change of performance, particularly loss of sensitivity, of the sensing element 3.5 standard test gas test gas with a composition specified for each apparatus and gas to be used for all tests unless othe
45、rwise stated 3.6 mask for calibration and test device that can be attached to the apparatus to present a test gas to the sensor in a reproducible manner 3.7 volume fraction (V/V) quotient of the volume of a specified component and the sum of the volumes of all components of a gas mixture before mixi
46、ng Note 1 to entry The volume fraction and volume concentration take the same value if, at the same state conditions, the sum of the component volumes before mixing and the volume of the mixture are equal. However, because the mixing of two or more gases at the same state conditions is usually accom
47、panied by a slight contraction or, less frequently, a slight expansion, this is not generally the case. BS EN 45544-1:2015EN 45544-1:2015 (E) 8 3.8 limit value occupational exposure limit of the time-weighted average of the concentration of a chemical agent in the air within the breathing zone of a
48、worker in relation to a specified reference period SOURCE: Council Directive 98/24/EC Art. 2(d) 1 Note 1 to entry Limit values are mostly set for reference periods of 8 h, but can also be set for shorter periods or concentration excursions, e.g. short-term exposure limit (STEL). Limit values for gas
49、es and vapours are stated in terms independent of temperature and air pressure variables in ml/m3and in terms dependent on those variables in mg/m3for a temperature of 20 C and a pressure of 101,3 kPa. 3.9 time weighted average (TWA) concentration concentration of gas in air integrated over time and divided by the specified reference period 3.10 fixed apparatus apparatus which is intended to have all parts permanently installed 3.11 transportable apparatus apparatus not intended to be a portable apparatus, but which can readily be mo
