1、BSI Standards PublicationTransitions, pulses and related waveforms Terms, definitions and algorithmsBS EN 60469:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60469:2013. It is identical to IEC 60469:2013. It supersedes BS 5698-1:1989 and BS 5698-2:1989, which are withdraw
2、n.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PEL/85, Measuring equipment for electrical and elec-tromagnetic quantities.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all t
3、he necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 73811 1ICS 01.040.17; 17.220.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Br
4、itish Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60469:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60469 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM June 2013 CENELEC European Committ
5、ee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC member
6、s. Ref. No. EN 60469:2013 E ICS 01.040.17; 17.220.20 English version Transitions, pulses and related waveforms - Terms, definitions and algorithms (IEC 60469:2013) Transitions, impulsions et formes dondes associes - Termes, dfinitions et algorithmes (CEI 60469:2013) bergnge, Impulse und zugehrige Sc
7、hwingungsabbilder - Begriffe, Definitionen und Algorithmen (IEC 60469:2013) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-05-28. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nat
8、ional standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
9、A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bul
10、garia, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switze
11、rland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60469:2013EN 60469:2013 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 85/409/CDV, future edition 1 of IEC 60469, prepared by IEC/TC 85 “Measuring equipment for electrical and electromagnetic quantities“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
12、CENELEC as EN 60469:2013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2014-02-28 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be
13、withdrawn (dow) 2016-05-28 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard I
14、EC 60469:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: ISO 9000:2005 NOTE Harmonised as EN ISO 9000:2005 (not modified). ISO 10012:2003 NOTE Harmonised as EN I
15、SO 10012:2003 (not modified). BS EN 60469:2013 2 60469 IEC:2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 7 General . 7 3.1Terms and definitions 7 3.2Symbols 25 3.3Deprecated terms 25 3.44 Measurement and analysis techniques . 26 General . 26 4
16、.1Method of waveform measurement 26 4.2Description of the waveform measurement process . 27 4.3Waveform epoch determination . 28 4.4Selection of waveform epoch . 28 4.4.1Exclusion of data from analysis . 28 4.4.25 Analysis algorithms for waveforms 28 Overview and guidance . 28 5.1Selecting state lev
17、els 28 5.2General . 28 5.2.1Data-distribution-based methods - Histograms. 28 5.2.2Data-distribution-based methods - Shorth estimator 31 5.2.3Other methods . 33 5.2.4Algorithm switching 34 5.2.5Determination of other single transition waveform parameters . 34 5.3General . 34 5.3.1Algorithm for calcul
18、ating signed waveform amplitude . 34 5.3.2Algorithm for calculating percent reference levels 35 5.3.3Algorithms for calculating reference level instants . 35 5.3.4Algorithm for calculating transition duration between x1 % and x2 % 5.3.5reference levels . 36 Algorithm for calculating the undershoot a
19、nd overshoot aberrations of 5.3.6step-like waveforms . 36 Algorithm for calculating waveform aberrations 38 5.3.7Algorithm for calculating transition settling duration . 39 5.3.8Algorithm for calculating transition settling error 40 5.3.9Analysis of single and repetitive pulse waveforms . 40 5.4Gene
20、ral . 40 5.4.1Algorithm for calculating pulse duration . 40 5.4.2Algorithm for calculating waveform period 40 5.4.3Algorithm for calculating pulse separation 41 5.4.4Algorithm for calculating duty factor . 42 5.4.5Analysis of compound waveforms 42 5.5General . 42 5.5.1Waveform parsing . 43 5.5.2Sube
21、poch classification . 45 5.5.3Waveform reconstitution 45 5.5.4BS EN 60469:201360469 IEC:2013 3 Analysis of impulse-like waveforms . 46 5.6Algorithm for calculating the impulse amplitude . 46 5.6.1Algorithm for calculating impulse center instant . 46 5.6.2Analysis of time relationships between differ
22、ent waveforms . 46 5.7General . 46 5.7.1Algorithm for calculating delay between different waveforms . 46 5.7.2Analysis of waveform aberration 46 5.8Analysis of fluctuation and jitter . 46 5.9General . 46 5.9.1Determining standard deviations 47 5.9.2Measuring fluctuation and jitter of an instrument 5
23、0 5.9.3Measuring fluctuation and jitter of a signal source . 53 5.9.4Annex A (informative) Waveform examples 54 Bibliography 64 Figure 1 Single positive-going transition. 10 Figure 2 Single negative-going transition . 11 Figure 3 Single positive pulse waveform 13 Figure 4 Single negative pulse wavef
24、orm . 13 Figure 5 Overshoot and undershoot in single positive-going transition . 15 Figure 6 Overshoot and undershoot in a single negative-going transition . 15 Figure 7 Pulse train 17 Figure 8 Compound waveform . 22 Figure 9 Calculation of waveform aberration 23 Figure 10 Waveform acquisition and m
25、easurement process . 27 Figure 11 Generation of a compound waveform . 43 Figure A.1 Step-like waveform . 54 Figure A.2 Linear transition waveform 55 Figure A.3 Exponential waveform . 56 Figure A.4 Impulse-like waveform 57 Figure A.5 Rectangular pulse waveform . 58 Figure A.6 Trapezoidal pulse wavefo
26、rm . 59 Figure A.7 Triangular pulse waveform 60 Figure A.8 Exponential pulse waveform . 61 Figure A.9 Double pulse waveform . 62 Figure A.10 Bipolar pulse waveform . 62 Figure A.11 Staircase waveform 63 Figure A.12 Pulse train 63 Table 1 Comparison of the results from the exact and approximate formu
27、las for computing the standard deviation of the calculated standard deviations 49 BS EN 60469:2013 6 60469 IEC:2013 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this standard is to facilitate accurate and precise communication concerning parameters of transition, pulse, and related waveforms and to establish the tec
28、hniques and procedures for measuring them. Because of the broad applicability of electrical pulse technology in the electronics industries (such as computer, telecommunication, and test instrumentation industries), the development of unambiguous definitions for pulse terms and the presentation of me
29、thods and/or algorithms for their calculation is important for communication between manufacturers and consumers within the electronics industry. The availability of standard terms, definitions, and methods for their computation helps improve the quality of products and helps the consumer better com
30、pare the performance of different products. Improvements to digital waveform recorders (including oscilloscopes) have facilitated the capture, sharing, and processing of waveforms. Frequently these waveform recorders have the ability to process the waveform internally and provide pulse parameters. T
31、his process is done automatically and without operator intervention. This standard can be applied in many more scientific and engineering applications than mentioned above, such as optics, cosmology, seismology, medicine, etc., and ranging from single events to highly repetitive signals and from sig
32、nals with bandwidths less than 1 Hz to those exceeding 1 THz. Consequently, a standard is needed to ensure that the definitions and methods of computation for pulse parameters are consistent. IEC 60469-1 dealt with terms and definitions for describing waveform parameters and IEC 60469-2 described th
33、e waveform measurement process. The purpose of this standard is to combine the contents of IEC 60469-1 and IEC 60469-2, update terminology, correct errors, add algorithms for computing values of pulse parameters, and add a newly-developed method for computing state levels. This standard reflects two
34、 major changes compared to IEC 60469-1 and IEC 60469-2, which are the parameter definitions and algorithms. Changes to the definitions included adding new terms and definitions, deleting unused terms and definitions, expanding the list of deprecated terms, and updating and modifying existing definit
35、ions. This standard contains definitions for approximately 100 terms commonly used to describe the waveform measurement and analysis process and waveform parameters. Many of the terms in standards IEC 60469-1 and IEC 60469-2 have been deleted entirely or deprecated. Deprecated terms were kept in thi
36、s standard to provide continuity between this standard and IEC 60469-1 and IEC 60469-2. Terms are deprecated whenever they cannot be defined unambiguously or precisely. Development of a set of agreed-upon terms and definitions presented the greatest difficulty because of the pervasive misuse, misrep
37、resentation, and misunderstanding of terms. Legacy issues for instrumentation manufacturers and terms of common use also had to be addressed. This standard also resulted in the development of algorithms for computing the values of certain waveform parameters in all cases where these algorithms could
38、 be useful or instructive to the user of the standard. The purpose of adding these algorithms, which are recommended for use, was to provide industry with a common and communicable reference for these parameters and their computation. Heretofore, this was not available and there existed much debate
39、and misunderstanding between various groups measuring the same parameters. Similarly, this is the reason for including several examples of basic waveforms, with formulae, in Annex A. The algorithms focus on the analysis of two-state, single-transition waveforms. The analysis of compound waveforms (w
40、aveforms with two or more states and/or two or more transitions) is accomplished by first decomposing the compound waveform into its constituent two-state single-transition waveforms. A method for performing this decomposition is provided. Algorithms for the analysis of fluctuation and random jitter
41、 of waveforms were also introduced into this standard. These algorithms describe the computation of the mean and standard deviation of jitter and fluctuation. This standard also contains methods to estimate the accuracy of the standard deviation and to correct its value. BS EN 60469:201360469 IEC:20
42、13 7 TRANSITIONS, PULSES AND RELATED WAVEFORMS TERMS, DEFINITIONS AND ALGORITHMS 1 Scope This International Standard provides definitions of terms pertaining to transitions, pulses, and related waveforms and provides definitions and descriptions of techniques and procedures for measuring their param
43、eters. The waveforms considered in this standard are those that make a number of transitions and that remain relatively constant in the time intervals between transitions. Signals and their waveforms for which this standard apply include but are not limited to those used in: digital communications,
44、data communications, and computing; studies of transient biological, cosmological, and physical events; and electrical, chemical, and thermal pulses encountered and used in a variety of industrial, commercial, and consumer applications. This standard does not apply to sinusoidally-varying or other c
45、ontinuously-varying signals and their waveforms. The object of this standard is to facilitate accurate and precise communication concerning parameters of transitions, pulses, and related waveforms and the techniques and procedures for measuring them. 2 Normative references The following documents, i
46、n whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. None. 3 Terms, definitions and sy
47、mbols General 3.1Along with the recommended terms and their definitions, this clause also contains a number of deprecated but widely used terms. These deprecated terms and the reason for their deprecation are given after the definition of the recommended term. Throughout this standard, time is taken
48、 to be an independent variable, symbolized with the letter t. “Waveform value“ is used to refer to the dependent variable, symbolized by y(t). For particular waveforms, “waveform value“ will be synonymous with terms such as “voltage“, “current“, “power“, or some other quantity. All defined terms are
49、 italicized in this document. Terms and definitions 3.2For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. BS EN 60469:2013 8 60469 IEC:2013 3.2.1aberration region 3.2.1.1 post-transition aberration region interval between a user-specified instant and a fixed instant, where the fixed instant is the first sampling instant succeeding the 50 % reference level instant for which the corresponding waveform value is within the state boundaries of the state succeedi
