1、BSI Standards PublicationThermocouplesPart 1: EMF specifications and tolerancesBS EN 60584-1:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60584-1:2013. It isidentical to IEC 60584-1:2013. It supersedes BS EN 60584-1:1996 and BS EN60584-2:1993, which will be withdrawn on
2、2 October 2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Com-mittee GEL/65, Measurement and control, to Subcommittee GEL/65/2,Elements of systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purpor
3、t to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 76472 1ICS 17.200.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.
4、This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60584-1:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60584-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM December 2013 CENEL
5、EC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserv
6、ed worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60584-1:2013 E ICS 17.200.20 Supersedes EN 60584-1:1995, EN 60584-2:1993 English version Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances (IEC 60584-1:2013) Couples thermolectriques - Partie 1: Spcifications et tolrances en matire de FEM (CEI 60
7、584-1:2013) Thermoelemente - Teil 1: Thermospannungen und Grenzabweichungen (IEC 60584-1:2013) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2013-10-02. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
8、the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English
9、, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Au
10、stria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sp
11、ain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60584-1:2013EN 60584-1:2013 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 65B/873/FDIS, future edition 3 of IEC 60584-1, prepared by SC 65B “Measurement and control devices“ of IEC/TC 65 “Industrial-process measurement, control and automation“ was
12、 submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60584-1:2013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2014-07-02 latest date by which th
13、e national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-10-02 This document supersedes EN 60584-1:1995 and EN 60584-2:1993. EN 60584-1:2013 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to EN 60584-1:1995 and EN 60584-2:1993: a) EN 60584-1:1995 and EN 6
14、0584-2:1993 have been merged; b) the standard is now explicitly based on the reference polynomials which express thermocouple EMF as functions of temperature. The tables derived from the polynomials are given in Annex A; c) inverse polynomials expressing temperature as functions of EMF are given in
15、Annex B, but inverse tables are not given; d) the range of the polynomial relating the EMF of Type K thermocouples is restricted to 1 300 C; e) values of the Seebeck coefficients are given at intervals of 10 C; f) thermoelectric data (EMF and Seebeck coefficients) are given at the fixed points of th
16、e ITS-90; g) some guidance is given in Annex C regarding the upper temperature limits and environmental conditions of use for each thermocouple type. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be
17、held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60584-1:2013 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the
18、standards indicated: IEC 60584-1:1995 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60584-1:1995 (not modified). IEC 60584-2:1982 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60584-2:1993 (not modified). IEC 60584-3:2007 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60584-3:2008 (not modified). IEC 61515 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61515. BS EN 60584-1:2013 2 60584-1 IEC:201
19、3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Terms and definitions . 7 3 Thermocouple designations 8 4 EMF Temperature reference functions . 9 5 Thermocouple tolerances . 14 6 Thermoelectric values at the fixed points of the ITS-90 . 15 Annex A (informative) Tables for EMF as a function of temperature
20、. 17 Annex B (informative) Inverse polynomial functions . 57 Annex C (informative) Guidance on the selection of thermocouples . 64 Bibliography 68 Table 1 Thermocouple types 9 Table 2 Type R reference function . 10 Table 3 Type S reference function . 11 Table 4 Type B reference function . 11 Table 5
21、 Type J reference function 11 Table 6 Type T reference function 12 Table 7 Type E reference function . 12 Table 8 Type K reference function . 13 Table 9 Type N reference function . 13 Table 10 Type C reference function . 14 Table 11 Type A reference function . 14 Table 12 Thermocouple tolerances 15
22、Table 13 EMF and Seebeck coefficients of the thermocouples at the fixed points of the ITS-90 (EMF: upper row, Seebeck coefficient: lower row) . 16 Table A.1 Type R: Platinum - 13 % rhodium / platinum (1 of 5) 17 Table A.2 Type S: Platinum-10 % rhodium / platinum (1 of 5) . 21 Table A.3 Type B: Plati
23、num-30 % rhodium / platinum-6 % rhodium (1 of 4) 26 Table A.4 Type J: Iron / copper-nickel (1 of 4) 30 Table A.5 Type T: Copper / copper-nickel (1 of 2) 34 Table A.6 Type E: Nickel-chromium / copper-nickel (1 of 3) . 36 Table A.7 Type K: Nickel-chromium / nickel-aluminium (1 of 4) 39 Table A.8 Type
24、N: Nickel-chromium-silicon / nickel-silicon (1 of 4) . 43 Table A.9 Type C: Tungsten-5 % rhenium / tungsten-26 % rhenium (1 of 5) . 47 Table A.10 Type A: Tungsten-5 % rhenium / tungsten-20 % rhenium (1 of 5) . 52 Table B.1 Type R Inverse function coefficients . 58 Table B.2 Type S Inverse function c
25、oefficients . 59 Table B.3 Type B Inverse function coefficients . 59 Table B.4 Type J Inverse function coefficients . 60 Table B.5 Type T Inverse function coefficients . 60 BS EN 60584-1:201360584-1 IEC:2013 3 Table B.6 Type E Inverse function coefficients . 61 Table B.7 Type K Inverse function coef
26、ficients . 61 Table B.8 Type N Inverse function coefficients . 62 Table B.9 Type C Inverse function coefficients . 62 Table B.10 Type A Inverse function coefficients . 63 Table C.1 Recommended maximum temperature of use, tmax/ C . 64 Table C.2 Environmental recommendations and limitations of the con
27、ductors 66 Table C.3 Neutron irradiation effects 67 BS EN 60584-1:2013 6 60584-1 IEC:2013 INTRODUCTION This International Standard relates the electromotive force (hereafter abbreviated as EMF) generated by the designated thermocouple types to temperature, based upon the International Temperature Sc
28、ale of 1990 (ITS-90). The reference polynomials for Types R, S, B, J, T, E, K and N are those used in the previous edition of this standard, IEC 60584-1:19951. They were originally produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the USA and published in NIST Monograph 175, 1993. Th
29、e major revision of this version is standardization of two kinds of tungsten-rhenium thermocouple, designated Type C and Type A. Both of them have been used in industry for a long time. Temperature versus EMF relationships for Type C and Type A are those published in the ASTM E230/E230-M12 and GOST
30、R 8.585-2001 standards, respectively. This edition merges two parts of the former IEC 60584 series, IEC 60584-1:1995 (Reference tables) and IEC 60584-2:1982 (Tolerances) and supersedes both standards. IEC 60584-3:2007 remains valid. 1See Bibliography. BS EN 60584-1:201360584-1 IEC:2013 7 THERMOCOUPL
31、ES Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances 1 Scope This part of IEC 60584 specifies reference functions and tolerances for letter-designated thermocouples (Types R, S, B, J, T, E, K, N, C and A). Temperatures are expressed in degrees Celsius based on the International Temperature Scale of 1990, IT
32、S-90 (symbol t90), and the EMF (symbol E) is in microvolts. The reference functions are polynomials which express the EMF, E in V, as a function of temperature t90in C with the thermocouple reference junctions at 0 C. Values of EMF at intervals of 1 C are tabulated in Annex A. For convenience of cal
33、culating temperatures, inverse functions are given in Annex B which express temperature as functions of EMF within stated accuracies. This International Standard specifies the tolerances for thermocouples manufactured in accordance with this standard. The tolerance values are for thermocouples manuf
34、actured from wires, normally in the diameter range 0,13 mm to 3,2 mm, as delivered to the user and do not allow for calibration drift during use. Annex C gives guidance on the selection of thermocouples with regard to temperature range and environmental conditions. 2 Terms and definitions For the pu
35、rposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 thermoelectric effect Seebeck effect production of an electromotive force (EMF) due to a temperature gradient along a conductor 2.2 Seebeck coefficient of a thermocouple change in EMF of a thermocouple combination per unit of te
36、mperature change, being the first derivative of EMF with respect to temperature. Note 1 to entry: The Seebeck coefficient dE/dt90, is expressed in V/C. 2.3 thermocouple pair of conductors of dissimilar materials joined at one end and forming part of an arrangement using the thermoelectric effect for
37、 temperature measurement 2.4 measuring junction junction of the thermocouple subjected to the temperature to be measured BS EN 60584-1:2013 8 60584-1 IEC:2013 2.5 reference junction junction of the thermocouple at a known (reference) temperature Note 1 to entry: For the specified EMFs of this standa
38、rd, the reference temperature is 0 C. 2.6 tolerance maximum initial permissible deviation from the EMF specification of this standard Note 1 to entry: The tolerance is expressed as the temperature equivalent in degrees Celsius Celsius (C). 3 Thermocouple designations When a thermocouple is identifie
39、d by the materials of its conductors, the positive conductor shall be listed first, thus: positive conductor / negative conductor. The positive conductor is the conductor having a positive electric potential with respect to the other conductor when the measuring junction is at a higher temperature t
40、han the reference junction. Table 1 lists the thermocouple types for which EMFs are specified in this standard. Each letter designation of the table identifies the EMF-temperature reference function in the Tables 2 to 11. The designation may be applied to any thermocouple conforming to the relevant
41、function within the stated tolerances specified in Clause 5, regardless of its composition. Conformity with alloy specification listed in this clause does not guarantee conformity with the EMF-temperature relationship of this standard. BS EN 60584-1:201360584-1 IEC:2013 9 Table 1 Thermocouple types
42、Letter Elements and nominal alloy compositions by weight designation Positive conductor Negative conductor R Platinum 13 % rhodium Platinum S Platinum 10 % rhodium Platinum B Platinum 30 % rhodium Platinum 6 % rhodium J Iron Copper nickel T Copper Copper nickel E Nickel chromium Copper nickel K Nick
43、el chromium Nickel aluminium N Nickel chromium silicon Nickel siliconC Tungsten 5 % rhenium Tungsten 26 % rhenium A Tungsten 5 % rhenium Tungsten 20 % rhenium NOTE Standard alloy compositions have not been established for base metal thermocouple alloys except Type N, but it should be noted that the
44、compositions are not so critical as the matching of the positive and negative conductor. In particular, the negative conductor of Type J, Type E and Type T thermocouples are generally not interchangeable with each other. Likewise positive conductors of Type C and A are not necessary interchangeable.
45、 For Type N thermocouple the following composition (percentages of total by weight) is recommended in order to obtain the desired properties like good stability and oxidation resistance. Positive conductor (known as Nicrosil): 13,7% to 14,7 % Cr%, 1,2 to 1,6 % Si, less than 0,15 % Fe, less than 0,05
46、 % C, less than 0,01 % Mg, balance Ni. Negative conductor (known as Nisil): less than 0,02 % Cr, 4,2 % to 4,6 % Si, less than 0,15 % Fe, less than 0,05 % C, 0,0 5% to 0,2 % Mg, balance Ni. 4 EMF Temperature reference functions The temperature and EMF relationships of this standard are defined by ref
47、erence functions which give EMF, E/V, as a function of the temperature, t90/C, with a reference temperature of 0 C. The reference function of polynomial form for each type of thermocouple, except for Type K in the temperature range from 0 C to 1 300 C, is defined by the following equation. inii)(tE9
48、00a=(1) where E is EMF, expressed in microvolts (V); t90is ITS-90 temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (C); aiis the ithcoefficient of the polynomial; n is the order of the polynomial. The values of aiand n are dependent on the type of thermocouple and temperature range. Those for each thermoco
49、uple are given in the Tables 2 to 11. BS EN 60584-1:2013 10 60584-1 IEC:2013 For the Type K in the temperature range from 0 C to 1 300 C, the reference function is defined by the following equation. )6968126(expcc)(a29010900,Einii+=tt(2) where E is EMF, expressed in microvolts (V); t90is ITS-90 temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (C); aiis the ithcoefficient of
