1、- _ STDOBSI BS EN - - bL340-2-3-ENGL BRITISH STANDARD 2000 Electrostatics - Part 2-3: Methods of test for determining the resistance and resistivity of solid planar materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation The European Standard EN 61340-2-3:2000 has the status of a British Standard
2、ICs 29.020 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW 1340-2-3:2000 EC i 1340-2-3 :ZOO0 STD-BSI BS EN bL340-2-3-ENGL 2000 Lb24669 OBbLb79 b5b II BS EN 61340-23:2000 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 61340-2-32000. It is
3、 identical with IEC 61340-232000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee GEL401, Electrostatics, which has the responsibility to: - aid enquirers to understand the text; - present to the responsible internationallEuropean committee any enquiries on the interpret
4、ation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed - monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. From 1 January 1097, all IEC publications hav
5、e the number 60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC 27-1 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-1. For a period of time during the change over from one numbering system to the other, publications niay contain idenfifiers froni both systems. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CE
6、N and CENELEC Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications. The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards
7、 Cataiogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facihty of the BSI Standards Electronic Cataiogue. A British Standard does not purport to include a3l the necessary provisions of a contract. Usem of British Standards are responsible for the
8、ir correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 22, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notiice disp
9、layed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical hd. 7 No. 1 (:aments Sector Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Committee and come
10、s into effect on 15 August 2000 I l O BSI 082000 ISBN O 680 36196 9 I STD.BSI BS EN b1340-2-3-ENGL 2000 1b24bb9 0861680 378 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61340-2-3 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM May 2000 ICs 17.220.99;29.020 English version Electrostatics Part 2-3: Methods of test for determining the resist
11、ance and resistivity of solid planar materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation (IEC 61340-2-312000) Elect rostatiq ue Elektrostatik Partie 2-3: Mthodes dessais pour la dtermination de la rsistance et de la rsistivit des matriaux planaires solides destins B viter les charges lectrosta
12、tiques elektrostatischer Aufladung verwendet (CE1 61 340-2-312000) werden Teil 2-3: Prfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Widerstandes und des spezifischen Widerstandes von festen planen Werkstoffen, die zur Vermeidung (IEC 61 340-2-312000) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2000-04-01. CEN
13、ELEC members are bound to comply with the CENiCENELEC Intemal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on a
14、pplication to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secre
15、tariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Noway. Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United K
16、ingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Bmssels Q 2000 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any fonn and by any means
17、reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61340-2-3:2000 E Page 2 EN 61340-2-3:2000 Foreword The text of document lOlllFDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61340-2-3, prepared by IEC TC 101, Electrostatics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61 340-2-
18、3 on 2000-04-01. The following dates were fixed: - latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement - latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn Annexes designated “non
19、native“ are part of the body of the standard. In this standard, annex ZA is normative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Endorsement notice (dop) 2001 -01 -01 (dow) 2003-04-01 The text of the International Standard IEC 61340-2-3:2000 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modif
20、ication. Page 3 EN 61340-2-32000 CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 4 Clause 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Scope 5 Normative references 5 Definit ions . 6 Conditioning and test environment . 6 Selection of test method 7 Resistance measurements of solid conductive materials 7 Resistance measurements of solid insulating
21、materials 7 Resistance measurements of electrostatic dissipative materials (used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation) 7 8.1 Instrumentation . 8 8.2 Electrode assemblies 8 8.3 Sample preparation and handling 9 8.4 System verification fixtures for surface resistance . 10 8.5 8.6 Test procedures
22、 11 9.1 Surface resistivity ps . 13 9.2 Volume resistivity pv . 13 System verification for volume resistance measurements 10 Conversion to resistivity values 12 1 O 11 Report . 14 Repeatability and reproducibility 13 Figure 1 . Assembly for the measurement of surface and volume resistance 15 Figure
23、2 . Basic connections of the electrodes for surface resistance measurements . 15 Figure 3 . Basic connections of the electrodes for volume resistance measurements 16 Figure 4 . Assembly for the measurement of resistance-to-groundIgroundable point and point-to-point resistance 16 Figure 5 - Lower res
24、istance range verification fixture for surface resistance measurements . 17 Figure 6 - Upper resistance range verification fixture for surface resistance measurements . 18 Figure 7 - Principle of resistance to groundable point measurements . 19 Figure 8 - Principle of point-to-point measurements . 1
25、9 Figure 9 - Configuration for the conversion to surface or volume resistivity . 20 Bibliography . 21 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications . 22 Page 4 EN 6 1340-2-32000 INTRODUCTION Measurements of resistances and rela
26、ted calculations of resistivities belong to the fundamental objectives of electrical measuring techniques along with measurements of voltage and current. Resistivity is the electrical characteristic having the widest range, extending over some thirty orders of magnitude from the most conductive meta
27、l to almost perfect insulators. The basis is Ohms law and is valid for d.c. current and instantaneous values of a.c. current in electron conductors (metals, carbon, etc.). Values of resistance measurements using a.c. current can be influenced by capacitive/inductive reactance, depending on the frequ
28、ency. Thus, existing national and international standards dealing with resistance measurements of solid materials normally require the application of d.c. current. Most non-metal materials such as plastics are classified as polymers and ion conductors. The transport of charges can be dependent upon
29、the applied electrical field strength during the measurement. Beside the measuring current, there exists a charging current that polarizes and/or electrostatically charges the material, indicated by an asymptotic decay of the measuring current with time and causing an apparent change in resistance.
30、If this effect is observed, it will be advisable to repeat the measurement immediately after a definite electrification time has elapsed using the reverse polarity for the measuring current and averaging both obtained values. O BSI 08-2000 STD.BSI BS EN b134D-2-3-ENGL 2000 m 1b24bb9 OBbLb84 TL3 Page
31、 6 EN 61340-2-3:2000 ELECTROSTATICS - Part 2-3: Methods of test for determining the resistance and resistivity of solid planar materials used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation 1 Scope This International Standard describes test methods for the determination of the electrical resistance and r
32、esistivity of solid materials in the range from 104 !2 to 1012 R used to avoid electrostatic charge accumulation. It takes account of existing IEC/ISO standards and other published information, and gives recommendations and guidelines on the appropriate method. 2 Normative references The following n
33、ormative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IEC 61340. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of IEC 61340 are en
34、couraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC
35、 60093:1980, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials IEC 60167:1964, Methods of test for the determination of the insulation resistance of solid insulating materials IEC 6021 2: 1971, Standard conditions for use prior to and during the
36、testing of solid electrical insulating ma te rials IEC 60260:1968, Test enclosures of non-injection type for constant relative humidity IS0 1853: 1998, Conducting and antistatic rubbers - Measurement of resistivity IS0 2951 :1974, Vulcanized rubber - Determination of insulation resistance IS0 391 5:
37、1981, Plastics - Measurement of resistivity of conductive plastics O BSI 08-2000 Page 6 EN 61340-2-3:2000 3 Definitions For the purpose of this part of IEC 61 340, the following definitions apply: 3.1 volume resistance (a) the ratio of a d.c. voltage (V) applied between two electrodes placed on two
38、(opposite) surfaces of a specimen and the steady-state current (A) between the electrodes 3.2 volume resistivity (am) the ratio of a d.c. field strength (V/m) and the steady-state current density (A/rn2) within the material. In practice, it is equivalent to the volume resistance of a cube with unit
39、length, having the electrodes at two opposite surfaces NOTE Volume resistivity is not an appropriate characteristic for materials that are electrically inhomogeneous. 3.3 surface resistance (Q) the ratio of a d.c. voltage (V) applied between two electrodes on a surface of a specimen and the current
40、(A) between the electrodes 3.4 surface resistivity (Q) the surface resistivity is equivalent to the surface resistance of a square area, having the electrodes at two opposite sides NOTE The SI unit of surface resistivity (Q) is sometimes referred to as Wsq (ohms per square). 3.5 measuring electrode
41、a conductor of defined shape, size and configuration being in contact with the specimen to be measured 4 Conditioning and test environment The electrostatic behaviour of materials is influenced by environmental conditions, such as relative humidity and temperature. For this reason, measurements shal
42、l be performed under controlled conditions. The selection of the appropriate conditions for testing shall be decided according to the type of material (product specification) and the intended application, based on the most severe conditions (e.9. lowest humidity) expected to occur during usage. Spec
43、imens shall be conditioned and measured in the same climate, if not specified differently. Preconditioning can be necessary in order to eliminate the effects of stress appearing after the moulding process of some plastic materials or as a drying treatment before the test procedure star ;s. The preco
44、nditioning shall normally be handled in a different environment. Adequate devices are a desiccator in an oven or a climate chamber preferably equipped with forced circulation and interchange of air. Additional guidance may be taken from IEC 60212 and IEC 60260. O BSI 08-2000 Page 7 EN 61340-2-3:2000
45、 5 Selection of test method The following procedure shall be used to select the test method: a) if the range of electrical resistance of a material to be tested is known, then use the relevant clause where appropriate standards are listed or methods described; b) for a material of initially unknown
46、resistivity, start the measurements by using methods for conductive materials according to clause 6. If the measurement is not possible or the obtained result exceeds the given range for the application of the test method, it shall be regarded as being inadequate and the result shall not be taken in
47、to account. The measurement shall be repeated according to clause 8 for static-dissipative materials. If the situation described above occurs again, the measurement shall be repeated according to clause 7 for insulating materials. 6 Resistance measurements of solid conductive materials The resistanc
48、e of solid conductive materials (non-metals) shall be measured in accordance with IS0 391 5 for plastics or IS0 1853 for rubbers. For highly conductive materials, the contact resistances necessitate the method of a quadrupole measurement in order to avoid a non-linear potential distribution over the
49、 specimen. The most important parameter is the current injected through the specimen or, even more precisely, the dissipated power in order to avoid significantly heating the material. 7 Resistance measurements of solid insulating materials The resistance of solid insulating materials shall be measured in accordance with IEC 60093, IEC 60167 for plastics or IS0 2951 for rubbers. For highly insulating materials, the resistance along the surface can be much lower compared to the resistance through the material due to the e
