1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 11646:2014Leather Measurement ofareaBS EN ISO 11646:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO11646:2014. It supersedes BS EN ISO 11646:1998 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted
2、 to TechnicalCommittee TCI/69, Footwear, leather and coated fabrics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplicatio
3、n. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 77304 4ICS 59.140.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on
4、 31 March 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 11646 March 2014 ICS 59.140.30 Supersedes EN ISO 11646:1998English Version Leather - Measurement of area (ISO 11646:2014) Cuir - Mesurage de la surface (ISO 11646:2014) Leder
5、- Flchenmessung (ISO 11646:2014) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 January 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-d
6、ate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translatio
7、n under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Fo
8、rmer Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMI
9、T EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 11646:2014 EBS EN ISO 11646:2014EN ISO 11646:2014 (
10、E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 11646:2014) has been prepared by IULTCS “International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status o
11、f a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subj
12、ect of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 11646:1998. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement
13、this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slov
14、akia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 11646:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 11646:2014 without any modification. BS EN ISO 11646:2014ISO 11646:2014(E)IULTCS/IUP 32:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageFor
15、eword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Principle 14 Apparatus . 14.1 Mechanical pin-wheel area-measurement machine . 14.2 Circular calibration template 14.3 Calibration procedure . 25 Sampling and sample preparation 25.1 Conditioning of the leather . 25.2 Start of measurement 25.3 Method of me
16、asurement 25.4 Direction of feed . 35.5 Number of measurements 36 Expression of results 37 Test report . 3Annex A (informative) Sources of test apparatus 4BS EN ISO 11646:2014ISO 11646:2014(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national stand
17、ards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International orga
18、nizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its
19、further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/dire
20、ctives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in th
21、e Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions relat
22、ed to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationISO 11646 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289
23、, Leather, in collaboration with the Physical Tests Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUP Commission, IULTCS), in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is
24、a worldwide organization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an international stand
25、ardizing body for the preparation of test methods for leather.The first edition of ISO 11646 was based on IUP 32 published in J Soc. Leather Tech. Chem. 73, pp. 23-24 (1989), and declared an official method of the IULTCS in October 1989.This second edition of ISO 11646 cancels and replaces the first
26、 edition (ISO 11646:1993), which has been technically revised in 4.2 and 5.1.2, to clarify the importance of using only one specific standard atmosphere (20 C and 65 % RH).This International Standard is written in SI units, in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives. The use of the square foot, still com
27、mon in the leather trade in some countries, is discouraged. If, for commercial reasons, the use of the square foot may seem necessary, it is obtained by the conversion 1 sq ft = 0,092 9 m2.IULTCS/IUP 32:2014(E)iv ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 11646:2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11646:2014(E
28、)Leather Measurement of area1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method of measuring the area of pieces of leather. It is intended only for the measurement of dressed and other dry flexible leathers.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referen
29、ced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2419, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and condit
30、ioning3 PrincipleThe area of the conditioned leather is measured with a mechanical pin-wheel machine.4 Apparatus4.1 Mechanical pin-wheel area-measurement machineThe machine used should preferably have a feed-roller speed of 20 m/min 2 m/min. The distance between the centres of the pins on two adjace
31、nt pin-wheels should preferably be 25,4 mm 2,5 mm measured parallel to the axis of the pin-wheel roller. Pin-wheel machines which do not conform to these recommendations may also be used, but the actual design values shall be stated in the test report. (See Annex A for information on these machines.
32、)4.2 Circular calibration templateThe template shall be made of flexible reinforced material, for calibrating the pin-wheel machine immediately before the machine is used. The area of the template shall not be less than 5 % of the pin-wheel machine capacity, and the width of the template shall not b
33、e greater than 50 % of the machines working width.The area of the template shall, if possible, be within 50 % of the anticipated area of the piece of leather to be measured. If this is not possible, feed the same template through the machine a number of times N without resetting the machine to zero
34、until the total reading is within 50 % of the anticipated test-specimen area, and treat this total as a single measurement.When not in use, the template(s) shall be kept flat in the specific standard atmosphere defined in ISO 2419 (20 C and 65 % RH). The area of the template(s) shall be verified at
35、least once a year by an independent body using measurement instruments traceable to a national standard calibration procedure. The template is acceptable if its measured area is within 0,5 % of its nominal area.It is recommended that users of this International Standard keep a record book of the mea
36、surements obtained during the daily calibration procedure. lt is to be inspected at regular intervals to detect any consistent trends towards inaccurate readings, e.g. the left side of the machine always reads low, the right side tends to read high. This gives advance warning of faults, which are of
37、 use to the maintenance engineer when servicing the machine. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 11646:2014ISO 11646:2014(E)4.3 Calibration procedureBefore each series of tests, carry out the following procedure.Stage 1: Switch on and run the machine for at least 2 min, then pass an “old” (i.e.
38、uncertified) template through the machine approximately 25 times in a random manner to ensure that all wheels are engaged. Some of the passes shall be cumulative, without resetting the machine to zero, in order to ensure that all moving parts of the machine are running freely.Stage 2: Zero the machi
39、ne and pass a certified template through the machine N times without cancelling the individual readings. Ensure that all pin-wheels which will be actuated by the subsequent pass of the leather test specimen have also been actuated by the template. If the recorded total area is within 0,01 m2of the t
40、heoretical total area, proceed to the next stage. If it is outside this range, adjust the machine and repeat the N passes until the recorded area is within the prescribed tolerance.Stage 3: Once the machine measures to within the prescribed tolerance, zero the measurement gauge and repeat twice the
41、procedure described in stage 2. Record all three total areas to the nearest 0,01 m2.Stage 4: If all three total areas are higher or lower than N times the theoretical template area, or if the difference between the maximum and minimum total areas is greater than 0,02 m2, repeat the calibration proce
42、dure from the start of stage 2 after making appropriate adjustments to the machine.5 Sampling and sample preparation5.1 Conditioning of the leather5.1.1 Unless otherwise agreed (5.1.2), expose the leather test specimen to the specific standard atmosphere defined in ISO 2419 (20 C and 65 % RH) for at
43、 least 48 h.5.1.2 For some purposes, it is unnecessary to subject test specimens to a strict conditioning procedure, and measurements may be carried out on leather which has not been conditioned, or has been conditioned in a way other than that specified in ISO 2419. Whenever conditions other than t
44、hose specified in 5.1.1 are used, however, the conditioning regime shall be stated in the test report as a deviation from the method.Generally speaking, relative humidity (RH) is more important than atmospheric temperature in determining the moisture content and hence the surface area of pieces of l
45、eather. Leather which has a moisture content below that which is obtained by conditioning in accordance with ISO 2419 has a lower measured area. Some leathers, e.g. chamois, exhibit considerable hysteresis in their regain of moisture from a standard atmosphere. For this reason, and to minimize dispu
46、tes, it is recommended that in arbitration such leather is conditioned on the descending side of the hysteresis loop, i.e. from a moisture content corresponding to a higher relative humidity down to 65 % RH.5.1.3 Support the leather if possible along the back-bone in such a way that air has free acc
47、ess to both surfaces, and keep the air in continuous motion by means of a suitably placed fan.5.1.4 Note the time of conditioning, in hours.5.2 Start of measurementCarry out the test either in the same atmosphere as used for conditioning or in ambient conditions, but within 30 min of removing the te
48、st specimen from the conditioning atmosphere. Before each measurement, set the pointer of the measurement gauge to zero.5.3 Method of measurementFeed the test specimen into the machine with the higher-friction surface in contact with the pin-wheels. The specimen shall be absolutely flat and without
49、creases at the moment when it passes between the IULTCS/IUP 32:2014(E)2 ISO 2014 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 11646:2014ISO 11646:2014(E)pin-wheels and the top of the feed-roller. In the case of soft leathers, this smoothing may involve pulling the hide from edge to edge with sufficient force to prevent the pins pushing the leather into the transport feed-roller slots, the specimen being held in such a manner that it remains flat as it passes through the machine. To ensure this, more than one operator may be needed to feed the specimen into t
