1、BS EN ISO12213-2:2009ICS 75.060NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDNatural gas Calculation ofcompression factorPart 2: Calculation using molar-composition analysis (ISO12213-2:2006)This British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards
2、 Policy andStrategy Committee on 30September 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 67147 0Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 12213-2:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO12213-2:2009. It is identical to ISO 12213-2:2006. It supersedes B
3、S ENISO 12213-2:2005 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/15, Natural gas and gas analysis.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all t
4、he necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 12213-2 September 2009 ICS 75.060 Supersedes EN ISO 12213-2:2005English Ver
5、sion Natural gas - Calculation of compression factor - Part 2: Calculation using molar-composition analysis (ISO 12213-2:2006) Gaz naturel - Calcul du facteur de compression - Partie 2: Calcul partir de lanalyse de la composition molaire (ISO 12213-2:2006) Erdgas - Berechnung von Realgasfaktoren - T
6、eil 2: Berechnungen basierend auf einer molaren Gasanalyse als Eingangsgre (ISO 12213-2:2006) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 August 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the s
7、tatus of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German)
8、. A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Repu
9、blic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE
10、 NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 12213-2:2009: EBS EN ISO 12213-2:2009EN ISO 12213-2:2009 (E) 3 Foreword The
11、 text of ISO 12213-2:2006 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 193 “Natural gas” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 12213-2:2009. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
12、 identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be hel
13、d responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 12213-2:2005. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyp
14、rus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 1
15、2213-2:2006 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12213-2:2009 without any modification. BS EN ISO 12213-2:2009ISO 12213-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Method of calculation. 2 4.1 Principle. 2 4.
16、2 The AGA8-92DC equation 2 4.3 Input variables. 3 4.4 Ranges of application. 3 4.5 Uncertainty 5 5 Computer program . 7 Annex A (normative) Symbols and units. 8 Annex B (normative) Description of the AGA8-92DC method. 10 Annex C (normative) Example calculations 18 Annex D (normative) Pressure and te
17、mperature conversion factors. 19 Annex E (informative) Performance over wider ranges of application. 20 Annex F (informative) Subroutines in Fortran for the AGA8-92DC method. 25 Bibliography . 32 BS EN ISO 12213-2:2009ISO 12213-2:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International
18、 Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been est
19、ablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardiz
20、ation. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voti
21、ng. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
22、 patent rights. ISO 12213-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 193, Natural gas, Subcommittee SC 1, Analysis of natural gas. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12213-2:1997), Table 1 of which has been technically revised. ISO 12213 consists of the following parts
23、, under the general title Natural gas Calculation of compression factor: Part 1: Introduction and guidelines Part 2: Calculation using molar-composition analysis Part 3: Calculation using physical properties BS EN ISO 12213-2:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12213-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserve
24、d 1Natural gas Calculation of compression factor Part 2: Calculation using molar-composition analysis 1 Scope ISO 12213 specifies methods for the calculation of compression factors of natural gases, natural gases containing a synthetic admixture and similar mixtures at conditions under which the mix
25、ture can exist only as a gas. This part of ISO 12213 specifies a method for the calculation of compression factors when the detailed composition of the gas by mole fractions is known, together with the relevant pressures and temperatures. The method is applicable to pipeline quality gases within the
26、 ranges of pressure p and temperature T at which transmission and distribution operations normally take place, with an uncertainty of about 0,1 %. It can be applied, with greater uncertainty, to wider ranges of gas composition, pressure and temperature (see Annex E). More detail concerning the scope
27、 and field of application of the method is given in ISO 12213-1. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
28、nt (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6976, Natural gas Calculation of calorific values, density, relative density and Wobbe index from composition ISO 12213-1, Natural gas Calculation of compression factor Part 1: Introduction and guidelines ISO 80000-4, Quantities and units Part 4: Mechanics
29、ISO 80000-5, Quantities and units Part 5: Thermodynamics 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 12213-1 apply. BS EN ISO 12213-2:2009ISO 12213-2:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved4 Method of calculation 4.1 Principle The method recommend
30、ed uses an equation based on the concept that pipeline quality natural gas may be uniquely characterized for calculation of its volumetric properties by component analysis. This analysis, together with the pressure and temperature, are used as input data for the method. The method uses a detailed mo
31、lar-composition analysis in which all constituents present in amounts exceeding a mole fraction of 0,000 05 should be represented. Typically, this includes all alkane hydrocarbons up to about C7or C8together with nitrogen, carbon dioxide and helium. For other gases, additional components such as wat
32、er vapour, hydrogen sulfide and ethylene need to be taken into consideration (see Reference 1 in the Bibliography). For manufactured gases, hydrogen and carbon monoxide are also likely to be significant components. 4.2 The AGA8-92DC equation The compression factor is determined using the AGA8 detail
33、ed characterization equation (denoted hereafter as the AGA8-92DC equation). This is an extended virial-type equation. The equation is described in AGA Report No. 81. It may be written as ( ) ( )18 5813 131exnn nkb knnn nnnZB Cbck c =+ + mr r r r*nnC (1) where Z is the compression factor; B is the se
34、cond virial coefficient; mis the molar density (moles per unit volume); ris the reduced density; bn, cn, knare constants (see Table B.1); nCare coefficients which are functions of temperature and composition. The reduced density ris related to the molar density mby the equation 3K =rm(2) where K is
35、a mixture size parameter. The molar density can be written as ( )p ZRT =m(3) where p is the absolute pressure; R is the universal gas constant; T is the absolute temperature. BS EN ISO 12213-2:2009ISO 12213-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 3Z is calculated as follows: first the values of B and
36、 nC(n = 13 to 58) are calculated, using relationships given in Annex B. Equations (1) and (3) are then solved simultaneously for mand Z by a suitable numerical method (see Figure B.1). 4.3 Input variables The input variables required for use with the AGA8-92DC equation are the absolute pressure, abs
37、olute temperature and molar composition. The composition is required, by mole fraction, of the following components: nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, methyl-2-propane (iso-butane), n-pentane, methyl-2-butane (iso-pentane), hexanes, heptanes, octanes, nonanes, deca
38、nes, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, helium, oxygen and water. NOTE If the mole fractions of the heptanes, octanes, nonanes and decanes are unknown, then use of a composite C6+fraction may be acceptable. The user should carry out a sensitivity analysis in order to test whether a particu
39、lar approximation of this type degrades the result. All components with mole fractions greater than 0,000 05 shall be accounted for. Trace components (such as ethylene) shall be treated as given in Table 1. If the composition is known by volume fractions, these shall be converted to mole fractions u
40、sing the method given in ISO 6976. The sum of all mole fractions shall be unity to within 0,000 1. 4.4 Ranges of application 4.4.1 Pipeline quality gas The ranges of application for pipeline quality gas are as defined below: absolute pressure 0 MPa u p u 12 MPa temperature 263 K u T u 338 K superior
41、 calorific value 30 MJm3u HSu 45 MJm3relative density 0,55 u d u 0,80 The mole fractions of the natural-gas components shall be within the following ranges: methane 0,7 u xCH4u 1,00 nitrogen 0 u xN2u 0,20 carbon dioxide 0 u xCO2u 0,20 ethane 0 u xC2H6u 0,10 propane u xC3H8u 0,035 butanes 0 u xC4H10u
42、 0,015 pentanes u xC5H12u 0,005 hexanes 0 u xC6u 0,001 heptanes u xC7u 0,000 5 BS EN ISO 12213-2:2009ISO 12213-2:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reservedoctanes plus higher hydrocarbons 0 u xC8+u 0,000 5 hydrogen 0 u xH2u 0,10 carbon monoxide 0 u xCOu 0,03 helium 0 u xHeu 0,005 water u xH2Ou 0,000 15
43、Any component for which xiis less than 0,000 05 can be neglected. Minor and trace components are listed in Table 1. Table 1 Minor and trace components Minor and trace component Assigned component Oxygen Oxygen Argon, neon, krypton, xenon Argon Hydrogen sulfide Hydrogen sufide Nitrous oxide Carbon di
44、oxide Ammonia Methane Ethylene, acetylene, methanol (methyl alcohol), hydrogen cyanide Ethane Propylene, propadiene, methanethiol (methyl mercaptan) Propane Butenes, butadienes, carbonyl sulfide (carbon oxysulfide), sulfur dioxide n-Butane Neo-pentane, pentenes, benzene, cyclopentane, carbon disulfi
45、de n-Pentane All C6isomers, cyclohexane, toluene, methylcyclopentane n-Hexane All C7isomers, ethylcyclopentane, methylcyclohexane, cycloheptane, ethylbenzene, xylenes n-Heptane All C8isomers, ethylcyclohexane n-Octane All C9isomers n-Nonane All C10isomers and all higher hydrocarbons n-Decane The met
46、hod applies only to mixtures in the single-phase gaseous state (above the dew point) at the conditions of temperature and pressure of interest. 4.4.2 Wider ranges of application The ranges of application tested beyond the limits given in 4.4.1 are: absolute pressure 0 MPa u p u 65 MPa temperature 22
47、5 K u T u 350 K relative density 0,55 u d u 0,90 superior calorific value 20 MJm3u HSu 48 MJm3BS EN ISO 12213-2:2009ISO 12213-2:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 5The allowable mole fractions of the major natural-gas components are: methane 0,50 u xCH4u 1,00 nitrogen 0 u xN2u 0,50 carbon dioxide
48、0 u xCO2u 0,30 ethane 0 u xC2H6u 0,20 propane 0 u xC3H8u 0,05 hydrogen 0 u xH2u 0,10 The limits for minor and trace gas components are as given in 4.4.1 for pipeline quality gas. For use of the method outside these ranges, see Annex E. 4.5 Uncertainty 4.5.1 Uncertainty for pipeline quality gas The u
49、ncertainty of results for use on all pipeline quality gas within the limits described in 4.4.1 is 0,1 % (for the temperature range 263 K to 350 K and pressures up to 12 MPa) (see Figure 1). For temperatures above 290 K and at pressures up to 30 MPa the uncertainty of the result is also 0,1 %. For lower temperatures, the uncertainty of 0,1 % is at least maintained for pressures up to about 10 MPa. This uncertainty level has been determined by comparison with the GERG databank o
