1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 17831-1:2015Solid biofuels Determinationof mechanical durability ofpellets and briquettesPart 1: PelletsBS EN ISO 17831-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO17831-1:2015. It supersedes BS EN 15210-1:2009 wh
2、ich is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract.
3、 Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 81424 2ICS 27.190; 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the au
4、thority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2016.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 17831-1 December 2015 ICS 75.160.10; 27.190 Supersedes EN 15210-1:2009English Version Solid biofuels - Dete
5、rmination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes - Part 1: Pellets (ISO 17831-1:2015)Biocombustibles solides - Dtermination de la rsistance mcanique des granuls et des briquettes - Partie 1: Granuls (ISO 17831-1:2015) Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der mechanischen Festigkeit von P
6、ellets und Briketts - Teil 1: Pellets (ISO 17831-1:2015) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without
7、 any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other lan
8、guage made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denma
9、rk, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE F
10、OR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 17831-1:2015 EBS EN ISO 1783
11、1-1:2015EN ISO 17831-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This document (EN ISO 17831-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 “Solid biofuels“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be
12、given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
13、 the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 15210-1:2009. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. Ac
14、cording to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germa
15、ny, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 17831-1:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17831-
16、1:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 17831-1:2015ISO 17831-1:2015(E)Foreword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Principle 15 Apparatus . 16 Sample preparation . 37 Procedure. 37.1 Tumbling procedure . 37.2 Sieving procedure . 38 Calculation of the m
17、echanical durability 49 Performance characteristics 49.1 General . 49.2 Repeatability . 49.3 Reproducibility . 410 Test report . 4Annex A (informative) Example of pellets tester with two boxes . 6Bibliography 7 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 17831-1:2015ISO 17831-1:2015(E)For
18、ewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a techn
19、ical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
20、electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document w
21、as drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pat
22、ent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
23、constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationTh
24、e committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.ISO 17831 consists of the following parts under the general title Solid Biofuels Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes: Part 1: Pellets Part 2: Briquettesiv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17831-
25、1:2015ISO 17831-1:2015(E)IntroductionCompressed solid biomass fuel is usually classified either as pellets or briquettes, of which pellets usually have a diameter below 25 mm while for briquettes the diameter is higher (see ISO 17225-1). To account for the different particle dimensions, it was neces
26、sary to define different test apparatuses for determination of durability for pellets and briquettes. ISO 2015 All rights reserved vBS EN ISO 17831-1:2015BS EN ISO 17831-1:2015Solid biofuels Determination of mechanical durability of pellets and briquettes Part 1: Pellets1 ScopeThis part of ISO 17831
27、 defines a determination method for testing the mechanical durability of pellets. The mechanical durability is a measure of the resistance of compressed fuels towards shocks and/or abrasion as a consequence of handling and transportation.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in
28、part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 14780, Solid biofuels Sample preparation1)IS
29、O 16559, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptionsISO 18134-1, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 1: Total moisture Reference methodISO 18134-2, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 2: Total moisture Simplified method
30、ISO 18135, Solid Biofuels Sampling1)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16559 apply.4 PrincipleA test portion is subjected to controlled shocks by collision of pellets against each other and against the walls of a specified rotating test c
31、hamber. The durability is calculated from the mass of test portion, after separation by sieving of particles less than 3,15 mm, and the mass of the test portion after tumbling.5 Apparatus5.1 Pellets testerThe structure and dimensions of the pellet tester are shown in Figure 1 (see also Annex A).1) I
32、n preparation.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17831-1:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 17831-1:2015ISO 17831-1:2015(E)Dimensions in millimetresKey1 filling door2 drive shaft3 baffleFigure 1 Structure of the main parts of the pellet testerThe pellets tester shall consist of a dust tight box
33、 with an internal baffle for mixing of the pellets and a driving mechanism.The box shall have an internal smooth surface and projections such as rivets and screws shall be kept to a minimum and well rounded (alternatively flathead screws can be used). A door can be placed at any side.Specification o
34、f box and inner dimensions:Material: stainless steel (1,5 0,1) mm thickWidth (300 3) mmHeight (300 3) mmBreadth (125 1,3) mmSpecification of baffle and dimensions:Material: stainless steel (1,5 0,1) mm thickLength: (230 2,3) mmWidth: (50 1,0) mmThe baffle is affixed on a diagonal of one of the 300 m
35、m 300 mm side of the box. The baffle extends (50 1,0) mm into the box (see Figure 1) and is securely fastened to the back of the box. The edges of the baffle shall not be sharp but rounded to avoid any cutting effect.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 17831-1:2015ISO 17831-1:2015(E)The box shal
36、l be capable of rotating at a constant speed of (50 2) r/min by means of an electric motor with suitable pulleys or gear in order to avoid vibrations. A rotation counter shall be connected to the drum.The rotation counter can also be connected to the motor for automatic shut-off after a defined numb
37、er of rotations.5.2 SieveThe sieve shall have a screen with 3,15 mm diameter round holes and suitable for manual screening (see ISO 3310-2). The recommended diameter of sieve is 400 mm or above.5.3 BalanceThe balance shall be capable of reading to the nearest 0,1 g and a weighing capacity of 2 kg.6
38、Sample preparationA laboratory sample of minimum 2 kg material for the determination of mechanical durability shall be obtained in accordance with ISO 18135 and prepared in accordance with ISO 14780. The test sample shall be divided into four equal test samples.One test sample shall be used for dete
39、rmination of the total moisture content in accordance with ISO 18134-1 or ISO 18134-2.Simultaneously for the determination of the durability each of the remaining three test samples shall be sieved separately in order to remove the fines (particles less than 3,15 mm) using a sieve as described in 5.
40、2.The sieving shall be performed by manually shaking each of the test portions in about 5-10 circular movements. The recommended amount of material in the sieve shall be less than 0,8 g/cm2of sieve area. This requirement will be achieved for example by using a sample of 1,0 kg on a sieve 400 mm diam
41、eter. If a sieve with a different diameter is used, the amount of the material shall be adjusted to achieve the same degree of filling.The three test samples may be unified and divided into two portions in preparation for the tumbling (7.1).7 Procedure7.1 Tumbling procedureSelect one of the test por
42、tion of (500 10) g from the unified sample (see Clause 6). For pellets above 12 mm diameter a test portion of (500 50) g is allowed. Weigh the test portion to the nearest 0,1 g and place it in the tumbling box of the pellet tester (see 5.1). Tumble the test portion at (50 2) r/min for 500 rotations.
43、 After this, the test portion is removed and manually sieved (7.2) for separation of the fines.The same procedure shall be performed for the second test portion from the unified sample (see Clause 6).7.2 Sieving procedureFor sieving using a sieve described in 5.2. Sieving of the test portions after
44、the tumbling procedure shall be done in such a way as to avoid generation of new fines. The sieving shall be performed by shaking each of the previously tumbled test portions one after the other with about 5-10 circular movements. The recommended sieve diameter shall be chosen in order to achieve a
45、load of less than 0,8 g/cm2of sieve area (see also Clause 6).The sieving has to be done completely. Weigh the material remaining on the sieve for each of the tumbled test portions. The pellets durability shall be calculated in accordance with Clause 8. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 17831-1
46、:2015ISO 17831-1:2015(E)8 Calculation of the mechanical durabilityThe mechanical durability of pellets shall be calculated using Formula (1):DUmm=AE100 (1)whereDU is the mechanical durability, in %;mEis the mass of the sieved pellets before the tumbling treatment in g;mAis the mass of the sieved pel
47、lets after the tumbling treatment in g.The result for each of the two test portions shall be calculated to two decimal places and the mean value result from the two test portions shall be rounded to the nearest 0,1 percent for reporting.9 Performance characteristics9.1 GeneralTable 1DurabilityMaximu
48、m acceptable differences between resultsRepeatability limit Reproducibility limitsDurability above or equal to 97,5 %0,3 % absolute 0,6 % absoluteDurability under 97,5 %2 % absolute 3 % absolute9.2 RepeatabilityThe results of the duplicate determinations (performed within a short period of time, but
49、 not simultaneously) in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same apparatus on two representative test portions taken from the same laboratory sample, shall not differ by more than the values given in Table 1 (see References 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7).9.3 ReproducibilityThe mean value of the results of duplicate determinations, performed in each of two different laboratories on representative test portions taken from the same laborytory sample shall not differ by more than the value
