1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN ISO 18753:2005Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Determination of absolute density of ceramic powders by pyknometerThe European Standard EN ISO 18753:2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 81.060.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50
2、g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN ISO 18753:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 December 2006 BSI
3、 2006ISBN 0 580 49892 1National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN ISO 18753:2005. It is identical with ISO 18753:2004. It supersedes BS EN 725-7:1996 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RP
4、I/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on RPI/13 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard ca
5、nnot confer immunity from legal obligations. Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 18753October 2005ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 725-7:1995 English VersionFine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technicalceramics) - Determina
6、tion of absolute density of ceramicpowders by pyknometer (ISO 18753:2004)Cramiques techniques - Dtermination de la massevolumique absolue des poudres cramiques laide dunpycnomtre (ISO 18753:2004)Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der absoluten Dichtekeramischer Pulver mit einem Pyknometer (ISO18753:2
7、004)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 September 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
8、 references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member
9、 into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania
10、, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of
11、 exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 18753:2005: EForeword The text of ISO 18753:2004 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 “Fine ceramics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken ov
12、er as EN ISO 18753:2005 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, and con
13、flicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2006. This document supersedes EN 725-7:1995. CEN/TC 184 has prepared EN 725 Advanced technical ceramics Methods of test for ceramic powders in twelve parts as follows: Part 1: Determination of impurities in alumina Part 2: Determ
14、ination of impurities in barium titanate Part 3: Determination of oxygen content of non-oxides by thermal extraction Part 4: Determination of oxygen content of non-oxides by XRF analysis Part 5: Determination of particle size distribution Part 6: Determination of specific surface area Part 7: Determ
15、ination of absolute density Part 8: Determination of tapped density Part 9: Determination of untamped bulk density Part 10: Determination of compaction properties Part 11: Determination of the densification on natural sintering Part 12: Chemical analysis of zirconia According to the CEN/CENELEC Inte
16、rnal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Nethe
17、rlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18753:2004 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18753:2005 without any modifications. EN ISO 18753:2005INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO18753First edition2004-08-15Reference n
18、umberISO 18753:2004(E)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Determination of absolute density of ceramic powders by pyknometerCramiques techniques Dtermination de la masse volumique absolue des poudres cramiques laide dun pycnomtreEN ISO 18753:2005iiiiiForewordISO (the Inter
19、national Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISOtechnical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has be
20、enestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental andnon-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the InternationalElectrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standar
21、dization.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voti
22、ng. Publication as anInternational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such pa
23、tent rights.ISO 18753 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.EN ISO 18753:2005blank1Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Determination of absolute density of ceramic powders by pyknometer1ScopeThis International Standard specifies a method for determi
24、ning the particle density of fine ceramic powdersusing liquid pyknometry.2 Normative referencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
25、document(including any amendments) applies.ISO 758, Liquid chemical products for industrial use Determination of density at 20 CISO 3507, Laboratory glassware PyknometersISO 6353-2, Reagents for chemical analysis Part 2: Specifications First seriesISO 6353-3, Reagents for chemical analysis Part 3: S
26、pecifications Second seriesISO 8213, Chemical products for industrial use Sampling techniques Solid chemical products in the formof particles varying from powders to coarse lumps3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 particle densityde
27、nsity of an individual particle of powderNOTE When an enclosed space occurs inside the particle, the space is considered to be part of the individual particle.3.2 pyknometrymethod of measuring particle density using a pyknometer4 Preparation of measurement4.1 SamplingA representative sample for anal
28、ysis shall be taken in accordance with ISO 8213.EN ISO 18753:200524.2 Drying of sampleThe selected sample is thoroughly dried in an air bath at approximately , and then cooled in a desiccatorto room temperature. In the case of powders requiring a long drying time, the sample is thoroughly spread, an
29、dstirred lightly once or twice midway through the drying process.NOTE 1 When the material is not stable at the heating temperature, the sample should be dried under reduced pressureinstead of heating.NOTE 2 If necessary, it is recommended to record the mass loss as a function of time to ensure that
30、the sample hasreached equilibrium. 4.3 Preparation of immersion liquidThe immersion liquid used for pyknometry shall not be reactive and shall not dissolve the sample. A liquid withgood wetting properties and a low evaporation rate under vacuum conditions shall be selected.The standard liquid for im
31、mersion shall be xylene, as specified in ISO 6353-3. When this liquid is not suitable,due to reaction or dissolution of the powders, distilled water, ethanol (e.g. purity by volume fraction) asspecified in ISO 6353-2, or 1-butanol as specified in ISO 6353-3 may be used.The absolute density of the im
32、mersion liquid at the measured temperature shall be determined usingpyknometry, in accordance with ISO 758. Ethanol purity is not important. Content of ethanol is given as anexample.5 Apparatus5.1 Pyknometer, Gay-Lussac type made of glass, of capacity or (see Figure 1), as specified inISO 3507, or o
33、ther suitable type of pyknometer.5.2 Vacuum container, having an integrated pyknometer with a structure wherein internal conditions of thepyknometer can be observed. The pyknometer shall be connected to a vacuum pump, which is used to createthe vacuum conditions.Figure 1 Example of Gay-Lussac type p
34、yknometer110C95 %25 ml 50 mlEN ISO 18753:200535.3 Vacuum pump, capable of obtaining a vacuum of ( ) or better.5.4 Vacuum gauge, capable of measuring from to ( to ).5.5 Balance, with a reciprocal sensitivity of .5.6 Thermometer, capable of reading to .6 ProcedureMeasurements shall be carried out acco
35、rding to the following procedure. All masses shall be measured to thenearest .a) Clean the pyknometer (5.1), thoroughly dry it, then measure the mass, .b) Transfer the powder sample to the pyknometer, filling the pyknometer to approximately one-third of itscapacity, and measure the mass, .c) Gently
36、fill the pyknometer with immersion liquid until the powder sample is covered. It is permitted to slightlyexceed this level. When the immersion liquid is dispensed, care should be taken not to scatter the sample.d) Install the pyknometer containing the powder sample, immersed in liquid, in a vacuum c
37、ontainer (5.2),reduce pressure to ( ) or less, and implement the degassing procedure. Allow areduction of pressure to a level at which the immersion liquid cannot boil, and carry out the degassing untilbubbles cannot be generated from the sample.e) Remove the pyknometer from the vacuum container and
38、 allow it to stand until the temperature of the liquidfalls to room temperature. After thermal equilibrium is reached, record the temperature. The temperature ofthe sample/container shall be recorded and thermal equilibrium shall be reached before the mass isrecorded.f) Add the specific amount of im
39、mersion liquid to the pyknometer, and measure the mass, .g) Remove the sample and the immersion liquid from the pyknometer. After washing and drying thepyknometer, fill with fresh immersion liquid to the specified level, and measure the mass, .h) Determine the absolute density of the immersion liqui
40、d at the measured temperature using pyknometry, inaccordance with ISO 758, and determine the absolute density of the immersion liquid to four places ofdecimals. Where distilled water is used as the immersion liquid, the absolute density for a giventemperature, listed in Table A.1, shall be used. The
41、 permissible temperature difference for measurementstaken in steps f) to h) shall be within .7CalculationCalculate particle density by means of Equation (1) by using the values obtained from Clause 6. Foursignificant digits shall be obtained.(1)whereis the particle density in grams per cubic centime
42、tre;is the mass of the sample and the measuring container in grams;is the mass of the measuring container in grams;is the mass of the specific amount of immersion liquid and the measuring container in grams;666,5 Pa 5 mmHg0 kPa 26,66 kPa 0 mmHg 200 mmHg0,1 mg0,1C0,1 mgmp1mp213,33 kPa 100 mmHgmp3mp41
43、C=(mp2mp1)(mp4mp1) (mp3mp2)Lmp2mp1mp4EN ISO 18753:20054is the mass of the specific amount of sample, the immersion liquid and the measuring container ingrams;is the density of the immersion liquid at measuring temperature in grams per cubic centimetre.8 Tests in duplicateCarry out tests in duplicate
44、 on representative analysis samples. If the difference between the original andduplicate results is greater than , repeat the procedure.9 Test reportThe test report shall contain the following information:a) date of the test;b) name of the testing establishment;c) reference to this International Sta
45、ndard, i.e. ISO 18753;d) description of the test material (manufacturer, type, batch or code number);e) description of the sample pre-treatments (evacuation time and evacuator, heating temperature and period);f) pyknometer (type, capacity);g) description of the immersion liquid used and temperature
46、of measurements;h) absolute density of the sample;i) comments concerning the test or test results.mp3L0,03 g/cm3EN ISO 18753:20055Annex A(normative)The reference data for absolute density of distilled waterTable A.1 indicates the absolute density of distilled water as a function of temperature betwe
47、en and1.Table A.1 Absolute density of distilled water as a functionof temperature between and Temperature Density15 0,999 116 0,999 017 0,998 818 0,998 619 0,998 420 0,998 221 0,998 022 0,997 823 0,997 624 0,997 325 0,997 126 0,996 827 0,996 528 0,996 329 0,996 030 0,995 715C30C15C30CC g/cm3EN ISO 1
48、8753:20056Bibliography1 LANDOLT-BRNSTEIN, Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geophysik undTechnik, 6th Edition, II, Part 1, p. 36 (1971); IV, Part 1, p. 101 (1955), Springer-VerlagEN ISO 18753:2005blankBS EN ISO 18753:2005BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4ALBSI British Stand
49、ards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.RevisionsBritish Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or a
