1、BRITISH STANDARDSoil quality Guidance on leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soils and soil materialsICS 13.080.05nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullnullnullnull
2、nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnull nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull nullnullnullBS EN ISO18772:2014National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 18772:2014. It is identical to ISO 18772:2008. It supersedes BS ISO 18772:2008, which is withdrawn.The
3、UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EH/4, Soil quality.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible
4、 for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN ISO 18772:2014This British Standard waspublished under the authorityof the Standards Policy andStrategy Committeeon 31 March 2008Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comm
5、ents 31 May 2014 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 18772:2008 as BS EN ISO 18227:2014ISBN 978 0 580 83739 5 The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 18772 March 2014 ICS 13.080.05 English Version Soil qual
6、ity - Guidance on leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soils and soil materials (ISO 18772:2008) Qualit du sol - Lignes directrices relatives aux modes opratoires de lixiviation en vue dessais chimiques et cotoxicologiques ultrieurs des sols et matriaux du sol
7、(ISO 18772:2008) Bodenbeschaffenheit - Anleitung fr Elutionsverfahren fr die nachfolgende chemische und kotoxikologische Prfung von Bden und Bodenmaterialien (ISO 18772:2008) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 March 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re
8、gulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN me
9、mber. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
10、 CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan
11、d, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation i
12、n any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 18772:2014 Eii Foreword The text of ISO 18772:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 190 “Soil quality” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
13、 18772:2014 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 345 “Characterization of soils” the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2014, and conflicting n
14、ational standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the
15、 CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
16、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 18772:2008 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18772:2014 without any
17、 modification. BS EN ISO 18772:2014 EN ISO 18772:2014 (E)iiiContents Page.ivIntroduction1Scope12Normative references13Terms and definitions.24General approach34.1 Aim of leaching tests.34.2 How to choose leaching tests44.3 Usefulness of leaching tests to understand and characterise different mechani
18、smsoccurring in soil.75Case 1: Application of leaching tests to determine the leaching behaviour ofsoil in the framework of impact assessment85.1 Presentation and description of the assessment methodology.86Case 2: Compliance and comparison purposes137Description of test methods.147.1 Laboratorymeth
19、ods for basic characterisation and compliance/quality control testing147.2 Large-scale columns and lysimeter.258Example: how to use leaching test results to assess the impact of soil on groundwater268.1 General268.2Use of leaching behaviour determination in subsequent transfer and impact assessment.
20、27Annex A (informative) Schematic representation ofa contaminated site with relevant targets.28Annex B (informative) Comparisonat different scales of testing(laboratory, lysimeter and field scale).29Bibliography32BS EN ISO 18772:2014 ISO 18772:2008iv Introduction Current soil and soil-materials mana
21、gement (risk assessment practices or regulations) is often based only on the total amount of contaminants in soil. However, total composition is inadequate for the assessment ofseveral types of impacts such as impacts on soil, groundwater and surface water due to leaching andsubsequent transport of
22、contaminants (inorganic, organic and natural radionuclides)with water. Indeed, formany constituents, a significant fraction of the total content is essentially non-leachable, that is to saynon-removable when it comes into contact with a liquid. Thus, a key aspect to assess the possible management so
23、lutions for soil and soil materials in relation to the presence of contaminant is the release-to-the-water phase. This can be addressed with leaching tests whichcan be used to characterise the source term when performing impact assessment and also for the determination of a leached amount of contami
24、nants when checking compliance with respect to existing limitsor for comparison purposes (e.g. quality control, treatment efficiency). These statements are relevant for natural, contaminated and agricultural soils and also for soil materials.Leaching tests, particularly those developed for soil and
25、soil materials, are suitable for the following applications: a) Application of leaching tests to determine the leaching behaviour in the framework of impact assessment Generally, impact assessment is based on the source/pathway/receptor framew ork. Source: assess the release, identify speciation of
26、constituents and retention mechanisms. Receptor: determine the potential targets. Pathway: estimate the transfer of the source towards the target (e.g. underground water, surface water,plants, soil organisms, ecosystems).In this process, leaching tests are used to characterise the source term(so-cal
27、led characterisation tests) in accordance with a given scenario (e.g. contamination of the groundwater due to a contaminated site or a soilamended with sludges),which can either be generic or site-specific. Leaching tests may also be used as a tool to assess bioavailability (see ISO 17402). b) Appli
28、cation of leaching tests for compliance and comparison Based on the background information on the soil and soil materials sampled (e.g. origin, nature of constituents and contaminants,existingdocumented information, leaching behaviour), relatively simple and quick leachingtests can be performed for
29、compliance and comparison purposes. In contrast to characterisation tests, thistype of test is not designed to provide information on leachingmechanisms and controlling factors. However, itshould be possible to link the information obtained with compliance tests to the more elaborate characterisatio
30、n tests.BS EN ISO 18772:2014 ISO 18772:20081Soil quality Guidance on leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soils and soil materials 1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance on the appropr iate use of leaching tests on soil and soil materials, in ord
31、er to determine the leaching behaviour in the framework of impact assessment, or forcompliance and comparison purposes, including information on the following: the choice of leaching tests, depending on the nature of the problem to be solved and the specific features of the different tests; the inte
32、rpretation of the test results; the limitations of the tests.In this respect, it is important to keep in mind that leaching tests do not aim to simulate real field conditions,but are designed to address the contact between a solid and a liquid phase for different purposes that are described in thisI
33、nternational Standard. This International Standard only concerns natural, contaminated and agricultural soils and soil materials.Questions relating to the leaching of wastes are not covered bythis International Standard. It also does notcover the subject of bioavailability of contaminants to living
34、organisms, which is covered by ISO 17402. Leaching tests are designed and used for characterisation of the source term. It maybe possible to address transport aspects with leaching tests if some basic requirements are known (e.g. hydro dynamic), thus allowing the determination of key transport param
35、eters (e.g. retardation factors, par ticle-facilitated transport,attenuation processes). In this International Standard, when the term “soil” is onlyquoted to simplify the writing, the broader term“soil and soil materials” shall be considered. 2 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents
36、are indispensable for the application of this International Standard. Fordated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including anyamendments) applies.ISO/TS 21268-1, Soil quality Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical
37、and ecotoxicological testing ofsoil and soil materials Part 1: Bach test using a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg dry matterISO/TS 21268-2, Soil quality Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing ofsoil and soil materials Part 2: Bach test using a liquid to solid ratio o
38、f 10 l/kg dry matterISO/TS 21268-3:2007, Soil quality Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing of soil and soil materials Part3: Up-flow percolation testISO/TS 21268-4, Soil quality Leaching procedures for subsequent chemical and ecotoxicological testing ofsoil and so
39、il materials Part 4: Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base additionEN 12920, Characterization of waste Methodology for the determination of the leaching behaviour of wasteunder specificied conditionsBS EN ISO 18772:2014 ISO 18772:20082 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this do
40、cument, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 contaminantssubstance or agent present in the soil as a result of human activityNOTE There is no assumption in thisdefinition that harm results from the presence of the contam inant. ISO 11074:2005 3.2 eluatesolution obtained after the laboratory
41、leaching procedure of a soil in contact with a leachant 3.3 leachantliquid used in a leaching test3.4 leachate liquid that has percolated through soil under field conditions3.5 leachingdissolution and movement of dissolved substances caused by the movement and quality (e.g. pH, ionic strength) ofwat
42、er or other liquids in the soil NOTE1In pedology, leaching is defined as the movement of dissolved substances caused by the movement of wateror other liquids in the soil. NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 11074:2005.3.6 leaching behaviourrelease and time change in release from the soil upon contact with a lea
43、chant as affected by the conditionsspecified in the scenario, especiallywithin the specified time frame 3.7 liquid to solid ratio L/Sratio between the total amount of liquid (L in litres), which in this extraction is in contact with the soil sample, and the dry mass of the sample (S in kilograms of
44、drymatter)NOTE L/S is expressed in l/kg. 3.8 lysimeterlarge-scale experiment set-up to simulate scenario-specific exposure conditions under more controlled conditions than in full-scale field conditions3.9 multiparametric testtest aimed at measuring the influence of interrelated specific parameters
45、on the release from a soil in theconsidered scenario BS EN ISO 18772:2014 ISO 18772:200833.10 parametric test test aimed at measuring an intrinsic property of a soil or to measure the influence of a specific parameter onthe release from a soil in the considered scenario NOTEThis does not exclude the
46、 factthat other parameters may be influenced at the same time. 3.11 percolation transport of infiltration water through a lay er of soil3.12 release emission of constituents from a soil which pass through the external surface of a soil mass as specified in the considered scenario 3.13 scenariocase d
47、efined by a set of normal and exceptional conditions relevant to a particular disposal or utilisatio n situation for soil for the determination of the leaching behaviour within a specified time frame 3.14 simulation testtest aimed at simulating the combined effect of various parameters on the releas
48、e in the scenario underconsideration 3.15 soil material material coming from soil and displaced and/or modified by human activity, including excavated soil, dredged materials, manufactured soils, and treated soils and fill materialsISO 17402:1) 3.16 source term set of information characterising the
49、release of constituents from soil 3.17 transfer term set of information characterising the transfer of the source term through the soil and/or the groundwater4 General approach 4.1Aim of leaching tests The aim of performing a leaching test is to determine the expected constituent concentrations in solution when the leachant is placed in contact with a sample specimen under specified conditions. Many factors that influence dissolution and subsequent release of organic and inorganic constituents from a soil can be assessed through leaching t
