1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 23277:2015Non-destructive testing ofwelds Penetrant testing Acceptance levelsBS EN ISO 23277:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO23277:2015. It supersedes BS EN ISO 23277:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK parti
2、cipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsib
3、le for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 80883 8ICS 25.160.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Pol
4、icy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 23277 March 2015 ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes EN ISO 23277:2009English Version Non-destructive testing of welds - Penetrant testing - Accept
5、ance levels (ISO 23277:2015) Contrle non destructif des assemblages souds - Contrle par ressuage - Niveaux dacceptation (ISO 23277:2015) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung von Schweiverbindungen - Eindringprfung von Schweiverbindungen - Zulssigkeitsgrenzen (ISO 23277:2015) This European Standard was approved by
6、 CEN on 29 November 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national stan
7、dards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and n
8、otified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
9、 Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC
10、Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 23277:2015 EBS EN ISO 23277:2015EN ISO 23277:2015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 23277:2015) has been prepared by T
11、echnical Committee ISO/TC 44 “Welding and allied processes“ in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, a
12、t the latest by September 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifyin
13、g any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 23277:2009. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
14、Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsemen
15、t notice The text of ISO 23277:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 23277:2015 without any modification. BS EN ISO 23277:2015ISO 23277:2015(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Testing parameters 24.1 General . 24.2 Sensitivity 24.3 Surface condition 24.4 P
16、rocess and technique 25 Acceptance levels . 25.1 General . 25.2 Evaluation of indications 35.3 Removal of imperfections 3Annex A (informative) Recommended testing parameters 4 ISO 2015 All rights reserved iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 23277:2015ISO 23277:2015(E)ForewordISO (the International Organizatio
17、n for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
18、 the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The pr
19、ocedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the edito
20、rial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent righ
21、ts identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an expl
22、anation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationThe committee responsible for this docu
23、ment is ISO/TC 44, Welding and allied processes, Subcommittee SC 5, Testing and inspection of welds.This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 23277:2006), which has been technically revised.iv ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 23277:2015Non-destructive testing of welds Pene
24、trant testing Acceptance levels1 ScopeThis International Standard specifies acceptance levels for indications from surface breaking imperfections in metallic welds detected by penetrant testing.The acceptance levels are primarily intended for use during manufacture examination, but where appropriate
25、, they can be used for in-service inspection.The acceptance levels in this International Standard are based on detection capabilities that can be expected when using techniques specified in ISO 3452 series and parameters recommended in Annex A. The acceptance levels can be related to welding standar
26、ds, application standards, specifications, or codes. Such a relationship is shown in ISO 17635 for ISO 5817 and ISO 10042.Acceptance levels for grouped indications are not covered by this International Standard.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively refer
27、enced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3452-1, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 1: General princ
28、iplesISO 3452-2, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing Part 2: Testing of penetrant materialsISO 5817, Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfectionsISO 10042, Welding Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its alloys
29、 Quality levels for imperfectionsISO 12706, Non-destructive testing Penetrant testing VocabularyISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds General rules for metallic materialsISO/TS 18173, Non-destructive testing General terms and definitions3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document,
30、 the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 18173, ISO 12706, and the following apply.3.1linear indicationindication having a length greater than three times its width3.2non-linear indicationindication having a length less than or equal to three times its widthINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 23277:2015(E)
31、 ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 23277:2015ISO 23277:2015(E)4 Testing parameters4.1 GeneralMany parameters, either individually or in combination, will affect the shape and size of a penetrant indication produced by a weld imperfection.The following items are significant factors that will af
32、fect the shape and size of indications.4.2 SensitivityPenetrant materials are classified in accordance with ISO 3452-2, including a sensitivity level which relates to the ability to detect small imperfections. Generally, higher sensitivity materials should be used for the detection of small imperfec
33、tions.4.3 Surface conditionSurface condition is directly related to the minimum detectable imperfection size. Best results are normally achieved when inspecting smooth surfaces. Surface roughness or irregularities (e.g. undercut, spatter) can cause high background and non-relevant indications result
34、ing in a low probability of detection for small imperfections.4.4 Process and techniquePenetrant systems and techniques should be selected according to the test surface condition. In some cases, the choice will have a direct effect on the limits of reliable detection, for example, the removal of exc
35、ess penetrant by swab cleaning on rough surfaces is not recommended when seeking small imperfections.Guidance on these matters is given in Annex A and in ISO 3452-1.5 Acceptance levels5.1 GeneralThe width of the test surface shall include the weld metal and the adjacent parent metal up to a distance
36、 of 10 mm on each side.Indications produced by penetrant testing do not usually display the same size and shape characteristics as the imperfection causing that indication. For the purposes of this International Standard, it is the size of the indication which should be assessed against the values s
37、hown in Table 1.Indications that are approximately in line, which are separated by less than the length of the smaller indication, shall be considered as a single, continuous indication.Acceptance levels prescribed for linear indications are those corresponding to the evaluation level. Indications l
38、ower than this shall not be taken into account. Normally, acceptable indications shall not be recorded.Local grinding can be used to improve the classification of all or part of a test surface when it is required to work to a higher detection limit than that recommended by the existing weld surface
39、condition in Table A.1.NOTE Local grinding is a very often used practice.Acceptance levels for welds in metallic materials are given in Table 1.2 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 23277:2015ISO 23277:2015(E)Table 1 Acceptance levels for indicationsDimensions in millimetresType of indicationAccep
40、tance levela1 2 3Linear indicationl = length of indicationl 2 l 4 l 8Nonlinear indicationd = major axis dimensiond 4 d 6 d 8aAcceptance levels 2 and 3 can be specified with a suffix, “X”, which denotes that all linear indications detected shall be evaluated to level 1. However, the probability of de
41、tection of indications smaller than those denoted by the original acceptance level can be low.5.2 Evaluation of indicationsInitial evaluation shall be carried out as described in ISO 3452-1 and final evaluation of indication size shall be carried out after a designated minimum development time has e
42、lapsed, and before the indication has degenerated, such that it no longer represents the causing imperfection.5.3 Removal of imperfectionsWhere the product specification permits, local grinding can be used to reduce or remove imperfections which are the cause of unacceptable indications. All such ar
43、eas shall be re-tested and evaluated with the same penetrant system and technique. ISO 2015 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 23277:2015ISO 23277:2015(E)Annex A (informative) Recommended testing parametersThe recommended parameters for reliable detection of small imperfections are given in Table A.1.Ta
44、ble A.1 Recommended testing parametersAcceptance level Surface condition Type of penetrant system1 Fine surfaceaFluorescent penetrant system, normal sensitivity or higher to ISO 3452-2. Col-our contrast penetrant, high sensitivity to ISO 3452-22 Smooth surfacebAny3 General surfacecAnyaThe weld cap a
45、nd parent material offer smooth clean surfaces with negligible undercut, rippling, and spatter. The surface finish is typical of welds made by automatic TIG-welding, submerged arc welding (fully mechanized), and manual metal arc welding process using iron powder electrodes.bThe weld cap and parent m
46、aterial offer reasonably smooth surfaces with minimal undercut, rippling, and spatter. The surface finish is typical of welds made by manual metal arc welding vertical downwards and MAG welding using argon rich gas for the capping runs.cThe weld cap and parent material are in the as-welded condition
47、. The surface finish is typical of welds produced by the manual metal arc and MAG welding processes in any position.4 ISO 2015 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 23277:2015This page deliberately left blankThis page deliberately left blankBSI is the national body responsible for preparing British Standards
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