1、BSISO26423:2009ICS81.060.30NOCOPYINGWITHOUTBSIPERMISSIONEXCEPTASPERMITTEDBYCOPYRIGHTLAWBRITISHSTANDARDFineceramics(advancedceramics,advancedtechnicalceramics)Determinationofcoatingthicknessbycrater-grindingmethodBS EN ISO 26423:2016(ISO 26423:2009)BS EN ISO 26423:2016ISBN 978 0 580 91162 0Amendments
2、/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments31 July 2016 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 264323:2009 as BS EN ISO 26423:2016This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2009 The British Standards Institution 2016. Publish
3、ed by BSI Standards Limited 2016National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 26423:2016. It is identical to ISO 26423:2009. It supersedes BS ISO 26423:2009 and BS EN 1071-2:2002 which are withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Commit
4、tee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a Briti
5、sh Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.EUROPEANSTANDARDNORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 26423 April 2016ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 1071-2:2002EnglishVersionFine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of coating thickness by crater-grinding
6、method (ISO 26423:2009)Cramiques techniques - Dtermination de lpaisseurde revtement par la mthode de meulage de cratre(ISO 26423:2009)Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Schichtdicke mit dem Kalottenschleifverfahren (ISO 26423:2009)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 March2016.CEN mem
7、bers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving thisEuropean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.Up-to-date lists and bibliographical referencesconcerning such national standards may be obtained on application
8、 to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made bytranslation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
9、Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithua
10、nia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGCEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 B
11、russels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 26423:2016 EEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 26423 April 2016 ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 1071-2:2002English Version Fine ceramics (advanced ce
12、ramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of coating thickness by crater-grinding method (ISO 26423:2009) Cramiques techniques - Dtermination de lpaisseur de revtement par la mthode de meulage de cratre (ISO 26423:2009) Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Schichtdicke mit dem Kalottensc
13、hleifverfahren (ISO 26423:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 March 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date
14、 lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation u
15、nder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Forme
16、r Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT E
17、UROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 26423:2016 EBS EN ISO 26423:2016EN ISO 26423:2016 (E)E
18、N ISO 26423:2016 (E)3European foreword The text of ISO 26423:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206 “Fine ceramics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 26423:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramic
19、s” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016. Atten
20、tion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1071-2:2002. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations,
21、 the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, La
22、tvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 26423:2009 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 26423:2016 without any modification. BS ISO 26423:2009IS
23、O 26423:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1Scope . 12Normative references. 13Symbols. 14Principle. 35Sampling 36Test procedure 36.1 General. 36.2 Preparation for the test 46.3 Test parameters 46.4 Example of test parameters. 57Microscopic examination and measurement. 57
24、.1 Examination. 57.2 Measurement.58Calculations. 69Uncertainty and sources of error 710 Test report.7Annex A (informative) Errors associated with using different formulae for calculating film thickness .9Annex B (informative) Estimating measurement uncertaintyand errors. 12Bibliography. 15BS EN ISO
25、26423:2016ISO 26423:2009(E)BS ISO 26423:2009ISO 26423:2009(E)iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried
26、out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO c
27、ollaborates closelywith the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International S
28、tandards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
29、of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 26423 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics. BS EN ISO 26423:2016ISO 26423:2009(E)BS ISO 26423:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 26423:2009(
30、E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) Determination of coating thickness by crater-grinding method1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the thickness of ceramic coatings by acrater-grinding method, wh
31、ich includes the grinding of a spherical cavity and subsequent microscopicexamination of the crater. Because of the uncertainty introduced into the measurement of crater dimensions, the test is not suitable foruse where the surface roughness of the coating and/or substrate exceeds 20 % of the coatin
32、g thickness.NOTE An alternative method for measurement of thickness, using a contact probe profilometer, is given inISO 18452. 2 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For unda
33、ted references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings Balls Part 1: Steel ballsISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories3 Symbols For the purpose of this document, the fol
34、lowing symbols apply. D best estimate of the outer diameter of the crater, at the surface of the coating, in micrometres (seeFigure 1); d best estimate of the inner diameter of the crater, defined by the bottom of the coating layer, in micrometres (see Figure 1);h thickness of the coating, in microm
35、etres (see Figure 1);m subscript indicating mean value (Dm, dm, Xm, Ym). rbradius of the ball, in micrometres (see Figure 1); rsradius of curvature of specimen; lTtotal penetration depth of the ball, in micrometres (see Figure 1); ltpenetration depth of the ball in the substrate, in micrometres (see
36、 Figure 1); BS EN ISO 26423:2016BS ISO 26423:2009ISO 26423:2009(E)2 ISO 2009 All rights reservedX distance, on a coplanar projection of the two craters, between the periphery of the outer crater and a diametricallyequivalent point on the same side of the inner crater, in micrometres (see Figure 1);
37、Y distance, on a coplanar projection of the two craters, between the periphery of the outer crater and a diametricallyequivalent point on the opposite side of the inner crater, in micrometres (see Figure 1). Key1 coating 2 substrate Figure 1 Principal dimensions used in the testmethod BS EN ISO 2642
38、3:2016ISO 26423:2009(E)BS ISO 26423:2009ISO 26423:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 34 Principle Coating thickness often plays a major role in the performance of coated tools and machine parts. Manydifferent techniques havebeen developed for assessing the coating thickness. Among these, the crate
39、r-grinding method and the step height method (see ISO18452) are easy to perform and applicable to mostcoated systems.The method is simple and straightforward. A crater is ground into the coated part by means of a rotating ballwetted by an abrasive slurry. The thickness of the coating is derived from
40、 the ball and crater dimensionalcharacteristics. Contrast between the different materials constituting the coating and substrate is aprerequisite for the method, to enable detection of the interface between the coating and the surface. Test specimens should be either flat or cylindrical. Flatness ca
41、n be considered as sufficient if the local specimen radius of curvature, rs, satisfies the relation rs 100 rb(for error u 1 %). 5 Sampling A representative test specimen of the product under test shall be used. Test pieces shall be coated originalitems or, where this is not possible, itemsmade in th
42、e same way as the batch to be tested. For large parts, separate manufacturing of the testpiece may be necessary. 6 Test procedure 6.1 General A ball wetted by an abrasive slurryis rotated against the surface of the testpiece. A spherical wear crater isproduced, and the test is finished when the dept
43、h of penetration of the spherical crater is greater than the coating thickness. The coating thickness is then derived from the dimensions of the wear scars (full crater andsubstrate crater diameters) and the ball diameter. Different test rig set-ups may be used. The ball can be rotated freelyon a dr
44、ive shaft, wherebyits mass is used to produce the contact load, or it may be clamped in the drive axis while the specimen is loaded bymeans of a lever system. A typical arrangement is shown in Figure 2.Alternatively, a wheel instead of a ball maybe used, in which case the sample shall also be rotate
45、d (this is thesame principle as used with dimple grinders for the preparation of TEM specimens).Different abrasives (e.g. diamond, alumina, silica) can be used, and commercially available suspensionsbased on alcohol, oil or watermay be applied. The abrasive slurry may be smeared onto the ball surfac
46、e priorto testing, but more repeatable measurements are achievedwhen the abrasive slurryis drip-fed into the contact region, e.g. by peristaltic pumping of a stirred suspension. The grain size of the abrasive shall besmall enough to avoid roughening of the crater borders. For example, 1 m diamond pa
47、ste suspended inethanol is often used. BS EN ISO 26423:2016ISO 26423:2009(E)BS ISO 26423:2009ISO 26423:2009(E)4 ISO 2009 All rights reservedKey1 ball 2 specimen Other orientationsmay also be used. Figure 2 Example of test assembly6.2Preparation for the testEnsure that the specimen and ball are clean
48、. Ultrasonic cleaning for 5 min in fresh petroleum ether followed by drying in ambient air is usually sufficient. The suitability of the ball shall be determined by measuring 10 diameters at random. A ball shall be rejected if the difference between any two measurements exceeds 5 m(the maximum allow
49、ablevalue of VDWSfor grade G 200 balls asgiven in ISO 3290-1), or if scratches visible tothe naked eye are present on the surface. Prepare a slurry of abrasive particles in a diluting agent. Positionthe test piece on a stable support. The abrasive slurry should be well stirred to ensure a uniform dispersion of abrasive particles. Hardened steel balls for rolling bearings, having a specified diameter and surface finish in accordance withISO 3290-1, can be used. 6.3 Test parameters The test-specific parameters include: a) ball di
