1、BS ENISO26424:2016ICS 81.060.30NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISHSTANDARDFineceramics(advancedceramics,advancedtechnicalceramics)Determinationoftheabrasionresistanceofcoatingsbyamicro-scaleabrasiontest(ISO 26424:2008)This British Standardwas publishedundert
2、he authority of theStandards PolicyandStrategy Committee on 30November2008ISBN9780580911774BS ENISO26424:2016National forewordThe UK participation in its preparation was entrustedtoTechnicalCommittee RPI/13, Advanced technical ceramics.Alist of organizationsrepresented on thiscommittee canbeobtained
3、 onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof acontract. Users areresponsible for itscorrect application.Compliance withaBritish Standard cannotconfer immunityfrom legal obligations. The British StandardsInstitution 2016. Amendments/corrigend
4、a issued since publicationComments Date 31 August 2016 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 26424:2008as BS EN ISO 26424:2016.This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 26424:2016. It is identical to ISO 26424:2008. It supersedes BS EN 1071-6:2007 and BS ISO 26424:2008 which are withdrawn
5、.Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 26424 April 2016 ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes EN 1071-6:2007English Version Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-sca
6、le abrasion test (ISO 26424:2008)Cramiques techniques - Dtermination de la rsistance labrasion des revtements par essai dabrasion micro-chelle (ISO 26424:2008) Hochleistungskeramik - Bestimmung der Bestndigkeit gegen Abrieb von Schichten durch eine Mikroabriebprfung (ISO 26424:2008) This European St
7、andard was approved by CEN on 18 March 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning
8、 such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its
9、 own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, German
10、y, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NO
11、RMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 26424:2016 EEN ISO 26424:2016 (E) European foreword The text of ISO 26424:2008 has been prepared by Tec
12、hnical Committee ISO/TC 206 “Fine ceramics” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 26424:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced technical ceramics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the stat
13、us of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the sub
14、ject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 1071-6:2007. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement th
15、is European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak
16、ia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 26424:2008 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 26424:2016 without any modification. iiBS EN ISO 26424:2016ISO 26424:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv1Scope. 12Nor
17、mative references. 13Terms and definitions. 14Significance and use 15Principle. 26Apparatus and materials 26.1 Test system. 26.2 Test balls . 26.3 Abrasive slurry 36.4 Measurement of crater dimensions 47Preparation of test pieces 58Test procedure 58.1 Different types of test. 58.1.1 Type A: no perfo
18、ration of coating.58.1.2 Type B: perforation of coating 58.2 Type A test: no perforation of coating 58.3 Type B test: perforation of coating. 79Analysis of results 89.1 Type A test: no perforation of coating 89.1.1 Basic equations 89.1.2 Calculation of K c . 99.2 Type B test: perforation of coating.
19、 99.2.1 Basic equations 99.2.2 Calculation of K c and K s 1010 Test reproducibility, repeatability and limits. 1010.1 Reproducibility and repeatability 1010.2 Limits 1111 Test report. 13Annex A (informative) Measurement of coating thickness 14Bibliography. 15BS EN ISO 26424:2016ISO 26424:2008(E)iv I
20、SO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested
21、 in a subject for which a tec hnical committee has beenestablished has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closelywith the International Electrotechnical Commi
22、ssion (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standardsadopted by the technical
23、committees are ci rculated to the member bodies for voting. Public ation as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shal
24、l not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 26424 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics . BS EN ISO 26424:2016INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 26424:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics)
25、 Determination of the abrasion resistance of coatings by a micro-scale abrasion test 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for measuring the abrasive wear rate of ceramic coatings by means of a micro-scale abrasion wear test based on the well-known crater-grinding technique used for
26、coating thickness determination in ISO 26 423 11. The method can provide data on both coating and substrate wear rates,either byperforming two separate tests or by careful analysis of the data from a single test series. The method can be applied to samples with planar or non-planar surfaces , but th
27、e results analysis describedin Clause9 applies only to flat samples. For non-planar samples, a more complicated analysis, possibly requiring the use of numerical methods, is required. 2 NormativereferencesThe following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
28、datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenceddocument (including any amendments) applies.ISO 3290-1, Rolling bearings Balls Part 1: Steel ballsISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratorie
29、s3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.3.1 abrasive wear rateabrasive wear coefficientKvolume of material removed in unit sliding distance under a normal contact load of 1 N 4 Significance and useAlthough fewprotective coatings are subje
30、ct to singlewear processes, the abrasivewear resistance of suchcoatings can play a decisive role in their performance. Hence, knowledge of the abrasive wear resistance ofceramic coatings can helpin the proper selection of coatings for applications where abrasion plays a majorrole in their degradatio
31、n. Although techniques exist to measure the abrasivewear behaviour of bulkmaterials and thickfilms(see References 1 to 3), these techniques are not easily applied to thin films and the results are difficult to interpret when the methods are used oncurved surfaces. BS EN ISO 26424:2016ISO 26424:2008(
32、E)2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedThe purpose of this International Standard is to provide a m ethod for measuring the abrasion resistance ofboth thin and thick coatings and of bulkmaterials. The test can be carried out on flat surfaces or surfaces with a known radius of curvature and requires test pi
33、eces measuring only a few square millimetres. However, thecalculations described in Clause9 apply only to flat test pieces and are applicable only to homogeneous single-layer coatings. Errors may occur if the testis used on inhomogeneous coatings. References 4 and 5 give details of analytical treatm
34、ents for determining the wear rate of coatings on curved surfaces. By proper treatment of the results asindicated in 9.2,where the test produces penetration of the coating, it can provide abrasive wear coeff icients for both the coating and the substrate froma single test seri es. Although the test
35、is designed to al low quantitative measurement of abrasive wear coefficients, it can beadapted as a quality control test for use on real components.5 Principle In the test, a ball is rotatedwhilst being pressed against the test piece, and an abrasive slurry is fed into the contact zone. A spherical
36、depr ession is produced, and the size of this depression is measured. Whe re perforation of the coating does not occur, the wear rate of the coating can be obtained from a single crater.When perforation of the coating occurs, the wear rateof both the coating and the substrate can be calculatedby mak
37、ing a series of such craters and measuring their dimensions. 6 Apparatus and materials 6.1 Test system A ball which can be rotated and pressed against the coated testpiece shall b e used. Two variants of the ball system are shown in Figure 1, where either the testpiece, mounted on a deadweight-loade
38、d lever,is pressed against a directlydriven ball or the balls own weight press es it against the test piece. NOTE It has been found 6 that the results obtained with free-ball systems see Figure 1 a) can vary depending onthe precise system geometry.In particular, it has been found that the tilt angle
39、 of the test piece holder and the width of thegroove in the drive shaft that supports the ball can have an important influence on the results. A tilt angle of 60 to 75 anda shaft groove width of 10 mm have been found to result in the smallest variability under typical conditions. The test system sha
40、ll be constructed so that the rotational speed of the ball remains constant throughout anytest and is reproducible to better than 10 % of the nominal value between tests. The drive shaft shall have atotal run-out of less than 20 m at the points of contact with the ball. 6.2 Test ballsThe balls used
41、are typically25-mm-diameter hardened steel, e.g. UNS G52986 (SAE 52100) and shall, priorto any conditioning, conform to the requirements of ISO 3290-1.NOTE 1Balls can be used in a polished condition, but it has been found 7 that the test behaviour is erratic and poorresults are obtained if balls are
42、 used without conditioning. The recommended conditioning treatment consists of running the new testball for at least 300 revolutions ona non-critical part of the test piece, or another suitable surface, under normal testconditions and repeating this for at least five different orientations of the ba
43、ll before starting the test programme.NOTE 2A flat, ground steel coupon with a hardness of between 200 HV30 and 800 HV30 has been found to besuitable for conditioning the ball. NOTE 3Following conditioning, balls have been found to be usable for around 50 individual craters, depending on theprecise
44、conditions used. BS EN ISO 26424:2016ISO 26424:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 3Balls shall be subjected to regular performance checks to ensure that they continue to produce acceptable craters. Balls shall be replaced if such a check indicates anyabnormal cratering behaviour. NOTE 4Performance
45、 checks can be carried out using any suitable test piece, such as hardened and tempered high-speed steel, or a well-characterized titanium nitride or other coating deposited on a stable substrate material. a) Free-ball system b) Fixed-ball systemKey1 ball 5 load cell 2 test piece 6 weight 3 drive sh
46、aft 7 pivot point 4 test piece support 8 lever Figure 1 Two different types of ball crateringsystem 6.3 Abrasive slurryIn all cases, a slurry of silicon carbide (SiC) or another suitable abrasive in a suitable liquid, normallywater,shall be used. The abrasive is normally F1200 SiC, but F1200 alumina
47、 or another fine abrasive can be used. The averagesizeof the abrasive should preferably not exceed 5 m. BS EN ISO 26424:2016ISO 26424:2008(E)4 ISO 2008 All rights reservedThe use of different abrasive media will pr oduce different wear rates,and re sults shall not be comparedunless they are obtained
48、 from craters produced under identical conditions. The slurry used shall be kept homogeneous throughout the test. This can be done by stirring the slurrycontinuously or by adding stabilizers . If testing is to be undertaken on coatings deposited onto steel substrates that are susceptible to corrosio
49、n, it isrecommended that sodium nitrite (NaNO2 ) be added to the slurry at th e rate of 1 g for each 100 cm3 ofwaterto prevent corrosion of craters before they can be measured. The abrasive slurry shall be made from the abrasive powder and the chosen liquid in the required proportions.As the mode of wear that is observed can depend cri ticallyon the concentration of the abrasive slurry, two concentrations are recommended. These are: a) Dilute (promotes grooving wear)Concentration 2 % by volume. For SiC, for example,
