1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012Information technology Learning, education and training Metadata for learning resources Part 1: FrameworkBS EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNati
2、onal forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012. It is identical to ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/43, Information technology for learning, education and training.A list of organizations repr
3、esented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0
4、580 78527 6 ICS 03.100.30; 35.240.99 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t
5、e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO/IEC 19788-1 December 2012 ICS 03.100.30; 35.240.99 English Version Information technology - Learning, education and training - Metadata for learning resources - Part 1: Framework (ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011) Technologies de linformation - Apprent
6、issage, ducation et formation - Mtadonnes pour ressources dapprentissage - Partie 1: Charpente (ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011) Informationstechnik - Lernen, Ausbilden und Weiterbilden -Metadaten fr Lernressourcen - Teil 1: Das Rahmenwerk (ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11
7、 November 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may
8、be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to
9、 the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
10、Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Ave
11、nue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012: EBS EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011 has been prepared by Techn
12、ical Committee JTC 1 “Information technology” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and has been taken over as EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 353 “Information and Communication Technologies for Learn
13、ing, Education and Training” the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
14、 by June 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standar
15、ds organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxe
16、mbourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012 without any modification. BS EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012
17、ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .v Introductionvi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Abbreviated terms.6 5 Principles governing the development of ISO/IEC 19788 .6 5.1 A multipart standard .6 5.2 Development driven by user
18、 requirements 6 5.3 Multilingual equivalencies and multicultural requirements support .7 5.4 Support for various levels of granularity7 5.5 Re-use of international standards and specifications.7 5.6 User extensions.7 6 Specification of MLR data elements7 6.1 Introduction7 6.2 Data element specificat
19、ion attributes7 6.3 Data element specification: Matrix template 12 6.4 A “Data element specification” example 12 7 MLR data elements13 7.1 Data element 13 8 Resource class 14 8.1 Definition of a Resource class .14 8.2 Attributes of a Resource class.14 8.3 Example of the definition of a Resource clas
20、s.15 8.4 Predefined Resource classes 15 9 Predefined rule sets 16 9.1 Introduction16 9.2 MLR string16 9.3 Date.17 9.4 Date and (2) the search, discovery, acquisition, evaluation, and use of learning resources, for instance by learners, instructors or automated software processes. The interoperabilit
21、y of these functions can be achieved through harvesting or federated search processes, among other technologies and solutions. ISO/IEC 19788 is based on identified user requirements. This part of ISO/IEC 19788 includes rules for the assignment and management of identifiers, and the development of su
22、bsequent parts fulfilling specific user needs. Additionally, this part of ISO/IEC 19788 specifies how to define application profiles. At the same time, ISO/IEC 19788 takes into account the diversity of cultural and linguistic contexts in which learning resources and their metadata are likely to be c
23、reated and exploited. ISO/IEC 19788 also facilitates the sharing and reuse of learning resource descriptions by providing specific elements to support metadata harvesting. ISO/IEC 19788 aims to specify data elements relating to learning resources to be expressed in a range of established formats, pr
24、oviding optimal compatibility with IEEE 1484.12.1-2002 and ISO 15836:2009 (see Bibliography), while also addressing user-driven requirements and uses not explicitly addressed in those two standards. These data elements are used to form the description of a learning resource. In addition to this part
25、 of ISO/IEC 19788, ISO/IEC 19788-2 and ISO/IEC 19788-3, ISO/IEC 19788 is modularly structured with all subsequent parts having a distinct scope. Each of these parts represents a specified set of user requirements for the identification and specification of data elements having a particular focus and
26、 intended use in the description of a learning resource. This includes categories of data elements focused on technical perspectives, educational (pedagogical) aspects, availability and intellectual property aspects, classification schemes, life cycle management, registration, etc. This also include
27、s the use of application profiles stating the rules for combining metadata elements from various parts of ISO/IEC 19788 and other specifications to support the description of a learning resource, e.g. a MLR record, in a particular context, as well as that of a particular jurisdictional domain, organ
28、ization, public administration, etc. The identification and specification of particular metadata elements are not included in this part of ISO/IEC 19788 but in subsequent parts. Also excluded from this part of ISO/IEC 19788 are the specification of bindings for data elements (e.g. XML bindings) and
29、the description of particular application profiles. These will be considered in subsequent parts. Nevertheless, XML snippets can be used in an informal way in examples. The following aspects might be addressed in a subsequent edition of ISO/IEC 19788-1 or in another part of ISO/IEC 19788: additional
30、 data element specification attributes; registration of MLR records (see 3.23) and assignment of their unique identifiers; detailed rules governing coded domains; Person as a learning resource. BS EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved
31、1Information technology Learning, education and training Metadata for learning resources Part 1: Framework 1 Scope The primary purpose of ISO/IEC 19788 is to specify metadata elements and their attributes for the description of learning resources. This includes the rules governing the identification
32、 of data elements and the specification of their attributes. NOTE All concepts are defined in Clause 3. ISO/IEC 19788 provides data elements for the description of learning resources and resources directly related to learning resources. This part of ISO/IEC 19788 provides principles, rules and struc
33、tures for the specification of the description of a learning resource; it identifies and specifies the attributes of a data element as well as the rules governing their use. The key principles stated in this part of ISO/IEC 19788 are informed by a user requirements-driven context with the aim of sup
34、porting multilingual and cultural adaptability requirements from a global perspective. This part of ISO/IEC 19788 is information-technology-neutral and defines a set of common approaches, i.e. methodologies and constructs, which apply to the development of the subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 19788. 2 No
35、rmative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 639-2:1998(E/F), Codes for
36、 the representation of names of languages Part 2: Alpha-3 code/Codes pour la reprsentation des noms de langue Partie 2: Code alpha-3 ISO 639-3:2007(E), Codes for the representation of names of languages Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages ISO 8601:2004(E), Data elements and
37、interchange formats Information interchange Representation of dates and times ISO/IEC 10646:2003(E), Information technology Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) BS EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes
38、of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 application profile defined structured collection of data element specifications (3.14) chosen to satisfy the particular needs of a community or communities NOTE The data element specifications are from the various parts of ISO/IEC 197
39、88 and from other sources. 3.2 application profile record specified set of data elements (3.11) describing a specific learning resource (3.20) and obeying the rules (3.32) of a specific application profile (3.1) 3.3 application profile specification description of an application profile (3.1) by pro
40、viding its attribute values (3.5) and a description of its underlying data element group specification (3.13) 3.4 attribute characteristic of an object or entity (3.17) ISO/IEC 11179-1:2004, 3.1.1 3.5 attribute value information recorded as the content of an attribute (3.4) in a data element specifi
41、cation (3.14), data element group specification (3.13) or application profile specification (3.3) 3.6 conditional required under certain specified conditions ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003, 3.2.9 NOTE One of the obligation statuses applied to the attributes of a data element (in a data element specification),
42、 indicating the conditions under which an attribute value is required. 3.7 conformant data element data element (3.11) that obeys the rules (3.32) of its data element specification (3.14) 3.8 conforming MLR record MLR record (3.24) in which all the data elements (3.11) are conformant data elements (
43、3.7) 3.9 conforming MLR record relative to an application profile conforming MLR record (3.8) for which the additional conditions specified in the application profile specification (3.3) are satisfied by all the data elements (3.11) in the MLR record 3.10 content value information recorded as the co
44、ntent of the data element (3.11), in compliance with its data element specification (3.14) BS EN ISO/IEC 19788-1:2012ISO/IEC 19788-1:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved 33.11 data element unit of data described in a data element specification (3.14) ISO 9735-1:2002, 4.28 3.12 data element group
45、 identified, named set of related data elements (3.11) and/or data element groups (3.12) as described in a data element group specification (3.13) NOTE A data element group is a structured set of data elements. 3.13 data element group specification description of the data elements (3.11) or data ele
46、ment groups (3.12) constituting the data element group under consideration 3.14 data element specification set of attributes (3.4) and attribute value (3.5) rules characterizing a set of data elements (3.11) NOTE Adapted from the definition of “simple data element specification” in ISO/IEC 9735-1:20
47、02, 4.106. 3.15 definition representation of a concept by a descriptive statement which serves to differentiate it from related concepts ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.3.1 3.16 domain data element resource class (3.31) whose resources (3.30) are described by the data element (3.11) under consideration NOTE A ce
48、ntral resource class for ISO/IEC 19788 is Learning Resource (the set of all learning resources). 3.17 entity any concrete or abstract thing that exists, did exist, or might exist, including associations among these things NOTE An entity exists whether data about it are available or not. EXAMPLE Pers
49、on, object, event, idea, process, etc. ISO/IEC 2382-17:1999, 17.02.05 3.18 extension rule set set of all strings (3.35) satisfying all the lexical rules in the rule set (3.33) under consideration 3.19 identifier sequence of characters capable of uniquely identifying an entity (3.17) NOTE 1 An identifier is linguistically neutral, with no translation provided. NOTE 2 An identifier may be of the nature of a composite identifier, i.e. a unique identifier, consisting of two or more identifiers and/or other data elements,
