1、DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENT ICs 67.250; 97.040.40; 97.040.60 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW DD ENV 12875-1 : 1998 Mechanical dishwashing resistance of domestic utensils Part 1. Reference test method DD ENV 12875-1 : 1998 National foreword This Draft for Development
2、is the English language version of ENV 128751 : 1998. This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publications and is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on this provisional basis so that information and experience
3、 of ils practical application may be obtained. Comments Wig from the use of this Draft for Development are requested so that UK experience can be reported to the European organization responsible for its conversion into a European Standard. A review of this publication will be initiated 2 years afte
4、r its publication by the European organization so that a decision can be taken on its status at the end of its three-year life. The commencement of the review period wili be notified by an announcement in Update standards. According to the replies received by the end of the review period, the respon
5、sible BSI Committee will decide whether to support the conversion into a European Standard, to extend the life of the prestandard or to withdraw it. Comments should be sent in writing to the Secretary of BSI Technical Committee CW/29, Tableware, at 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, giving the d
6、ocument reference and clause number and proposing, if possible, an appropriate revision of the text. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referr
7、ed to in this document may be found in the BSI Smdards Catalogue under the section entitled International standards Correspondence Index, or by using the Find facility of the BSI Standas 97.040.40; 97.040.60 Descriptors: household appliances, kitchen utensils, food-container contact, materials, wash
8、ing tests, dishwashing tests English version Mechanical dishwashing resistance of domestic utensils - Part 1 : Reference test method Rsistance mcanique au lave-vaisselle des ustensiles usage domestique - Partie 1 : Mthode dessai de rfrence Mechanische Geschinsplmaschinenbestndigkeit von Haushaltware
9、n - Teil 1 : Referenz-Priveriahren This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 14 December 1997 as a prospective standard for provisional application. The period of validity of this ENV is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit the
10、ir comments, particularly on the question whether the ENV can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this ENV in the same way as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep
11、conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the ENV) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the ENV into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, It
12、aly, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMTlTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNG Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 6-1050 Brussels Q 1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any
13、 form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. ENV 12875-1:1998 E - STD*BSI DD ENV 12875-L-ENGL 1998 D Lb24bb7 Ob79057 714 = Page 2 ENV 12875-1:1998 Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Scope Normative references Definitions Principle Reagents Features of
14、 the test dishwasher Test specimens Procedure Expression of results Test report 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 8 9 Annex A (Informative) Bibliography 10 Foreword This European Prestandard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 194 “Utensils in contact with food”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. A
15、ccording to the CENKENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this European Prestandard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Por
16、tugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. - I- l= E * v-2 * Page 3 ENV 12875-11998 Introduction This Part of this European Standard specifies a test method for the determination of the mechanical dishwashing resistance of domestic articles. The results obtained according to this Euro
17、pean Standard are intended to serve for comparison purposes for the dishwashing resistance of the different domestic articles and give an indication of resistance only under the standard conditions of this test. The dishwasher test method described in this part of this European Standard is both time
18、 consuming and expensive. However, no single accelerated and inexpensive test is available which gives comparable results to the dishwasher test for the whole variety of utensils made of various materials which are cleaned in dishwashers. The test method described here is to be used as a reference m
19、ethod for dishwashing resistance. Accelerated test methods may be used instead of the reference test method provided that valid comparison to the dishwasher test is shown. An accelerated test for ceramic tableware is being developed and will become Part 2 of this standard when comparability to the r
20、eference test method has been proven. Accelerated tests for further products are under consideration. NOTE: Consideration should be given to the normal use of each type of domestic article and its normal fiequency of mechanical dishwashing. 1 Scope This European Prestandard specifies a method for te
21、sting the resistance of domestic articles made from ceramic, glass, glass ceramic, vitreous enamel, metal and plastics under the combined chemical, thermal and mechanical stresses of mechanical dishwashing in domestic dishwashers. It specifies a reference test method for domestic dishwashing only. I
22、t does not define the number of dishwashing cycles which any given product shall withstand. 2 Normative references This European Prestandard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and t
23、he publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN
24、60335-1 EN 60335-2-5 Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 1 : General requirements (IEC 335-1 : 1991 Modified) Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part 2: Particular requirements for dishwashers (IEC 335-2 : 1992, STD-BSI DD ENV 12875-1-ENGL 1998 = 1b2qbb9
25、 b99059 597 Page 4 ENV 1287511998 modified) IEC 436/A3 : 1994 Methods for measuring the performance of electric dishwashers : Incorporating Amendment 3. IS0 6059 : 1984 Water quality - Determination of the sum of calcium and magnesium - EDTA titrimetric method IS0 8288 : 1986 Water quality - Determi
26、nation of cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead - Flame atomic absorption spectrometric methods Water quality - Determination of chloride - Silver nitrate titration with chromate indicator (Mohrs method) IS0 9297 : 1989 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definiti
27、ons apply. 3.1 dishwashing resistance: Ability of the article to withstand a number of test cycles without significant changes. 3.2 test dishwasher: A special domestic dishwashing machine, which washes, rinses and dries articles, and which simulates the mean stresses of a domestic dishwashing machin
28、e. 3.3 test cycle: Series of operations for the washing, rinsing and drying of the articles. 3.4 basket: Rack or partitioned container for placing articles in a test dishwasher. 3.5 cleaning agent: Mixture of chemicals for use in a dishwasher for improvement of its soil removal capability. 3.6 clean
29、ing agent dispenser, automatic: Device which dispenses a defined portion of cleaning agent at the appropriate time during the test cycle. 3.7 rinse agent: Mixture containing reagents which lower the surface tension, normally added to improve the drying effect and reduce the precipitation of salts .
30、3.8 rinse agent dispenser: Device from which a defined volume of rinse agent is automatically dispensed at the appropriate time during the test cycle. 3.9 water softener: Device which reduces the hardness of water by a cation exchange system. 3.10 normal corrected vision: necessary. The naked eye co
31、rrected to normal vision if NOTE: This is usually by the wearing of spectacles. Page 5 ENV 12875-1:1998 4 Principle Unused articles are repeatedly exposed to a standardized test cycle in a test dishwasher which simulates usual household dishwashing machines. The test dishwasher is a machine in which
32、 a washing cycle consists of several partial steps: prewash, a cleaning step using alkaline cleaner, an intermediate rinse step, and the final rinse during which a rinse aid is added. The washing cycle is followed by a drying step. The test dishwasher is fully loaded. After testing the articles are
33、inspected for deviations from the original according to the conditions specified in the relevant standards for various groups of products. 5 Reagents 5.1 Feedwater The feedwater used shall be drinking water and shall have a temperature of (1 5 * 5) OC. It shall be softened by the cation exchariger a
34、s specified in 6.1. NOTE 1: Attention is drawn to EU directive 80/778/EEC and any national legislation relating to drinking water. For testing metal articles, the chloride ion content shall not exceed 150 mg 1- when determined in accordance with IS0 9297 : 1989. For testing plastics articles, the co
35、pper content shall not exceed 0,03 mg 1- when determined in accordance with IS0 8288 : 1986. NOTE 2: A higher copper content results in a noticeable yellowing of plastics. 5.2 Cleaning and rinse agents For the purpose of this test, cleaning detergent A containing phosphate, and the acidic rinse agen
36、t formula II, as given in IEC 436, Amendment 3 shall be used. 6 Features of the test dishwasher 6.1 Water softener (cation exchanger), which shall be controlled to give a water hardness c(Ca2 + Mg2+) of between O and 0,2 mmol/litre I), when tested in accordance with IS0 6059 : 1984. 6.2 Heat supply
37、sufficient to provide the heating rate specified in 8.3.c). ) 1 mmoylitre = 5,6 ODH or 1 ODH = 0,1786 mmolitre Page 6 ENV 12875-1:1998 6.3 Constant water quantity for each washing cycle of (6,O f 0,5) 1, with a water pressure of between 5 N/cm2 and 1 O0 N/cm2. 6.4 Automatic proportioning devices to
38、deliver the required amount of cleaning and rinse agents in each test cycle. 6.5 Automatic fuliy opening door or means of reducing temperature and humidity at an equivalent rate following completion of the washing cycle. 6.6 Thermostat with an accuracy off 1 OC. 6.7 Automation to the effect that the
39、 complete washing cycle specified in 8.3 is performed and repeated automatically. 6.8 Counter which records the number of washing cycles. 6.9 For safety requirements the dishwasher shall comply with EN 60335-1 and EN 60335-2-5. 7 Test specimens For each article a sufficient number of unused specimen
40、s of identical shape, size and surface finish shall be tested and further specimens shall be retained for reference. NOTE: It is recommended that at least three test specimens are tested in order to obtain representative results. The specimens shall be free of surface contamination, e.g. by washing
41、by hand in a mild liquid detergent at about 45 OC. The specimens shall be examined for any quality defects, and these shall be noted. 8 Procedure 8.1 Preparation of test dishwasher When testing metai articles, after each regeneration of the ion exchanger with sodium chloride, run one test cycle (see
42、 8.3) with no test specimens. 8.2 Loading the test dishwasher The test dishwasher shall be fully loaded, using dummy articles to fill excess capacity if necessary. Each specimen shall be placed in the appropriate basket making sure that the specimens will not come into contact with each other during
43、 testing. All surfaces shall be equally exposed to the water spray, and the specimens shall be positioned in a way that avoids the formation of water pools. It is permissible to simultaneously wash several different types of domestic articles of ceramic, glass, metal or plastic - STD-BSI DD ENV 1287
44、5-II-ENGL 1998 a 1b24bbS CIbb2 O1 a Page 7 ENV 12875-1:1998 NOTE:. The risk of interaction between different materials should be considered. Where there is such a risk, such specimens should not be tested together. If it is necessary to withdraw a test specimen during the test, it shall be replaced
45、by a similar article. 8.3 Test cycle The test cycle shall comprise the following stages. a) Draining the dishwasher by pump. b) Prewashing the test specimens in the dishwasher by: i) filling the dishwasher with feedwater (see 5.1); ii) circulating the feedwater for (5 f 0,5) min; iii) draining the d
46、ishwasher by pump. c) Washing the test specimens in the dishwasher by: i) filling the dishwasher with feedwater and (24 f 3) g cleaning agent (see 5.2) per (6,O f 0,5) litre of feedwater; ii) heating to (60 * 2) “C while circulating the feedwater and cleaning agent for (20 f 1) min; iii) circulating
47、 the feedwater and cleaning agent for a further (10 f 1) min without heating; iv) draining the dishwasher by pump. d) Intermediate rinsing the test specimens in the dishwasher by: i) filling the dishwasher with feedwater; ii) circulating the feedwater for (3 f 0,5) min; iii) draining the dishwasher
48、by pump. e) Final rinsing the test specimens in the dishwasher by: i) filling the dishwasher with feedwater; ii) heating to (65 f 2) “C while circulating the feedwater; iii) measuring when a temperature of between 40 OC and 45 “C has been reached, and adding between 2,5 g and 3,O g of rinse agent (s
49、ee 5.3) per (6,O f 0,5) litre of feedwater. iv) measuring when a temperature of (65 f 2) OC has been reached and draining the dishwasher by pump. f) Drying the test specimens in the dishwasher by retaining them in the dishwasher for: i) (10 f 1) min with the door closed; ii) (30 f 1) min with the door open. Page 8 ENV 12875-It1998 8.4 Parameter control The parameters of the test cycle listed below shall be verified before starting the first test cycle and after every 50th test cycle. a) The heating rates and maximum temperatures as defined in (8.3.c.ii) a
