1、 ETSI EG 203 350 V1.1.1 (2016-11) ETSI GUIDE Human Factors (HF); Guidelines for the design of mobile ICT devices and their related applications for people with cognitive disabilities ETSI ETSI EG 203 350 V1.1.1 (2016-11) 2 Reference DEG/HF-00152 Keywords accessibility, ageing, cognitive, design for
2、all, disability, HF, ICT, impairment, inclusive design, mobile, usability ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06)
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9、) 3 Contents Contents 3 Intellectual Property Rights 8 Foreword. 8 Modal verbs terminology . 8 Introduction 8 1 Scope 9 2 References 9 2.1 Normative references . 9 2.2 Informative references . 9 3 Definitions and abbreviations . 13 3.1 Definitions . 13 3.2 Abbreviations . 15 4 Overview 15 5 Design c
10、hallenges related to mobile ICT . 16 6 Guidelines applicable to any mobile ICT . 16 6.1 General . 16 6.2 Applying usability principles . 16 6.3 Applying accessibility guidelines 17 6.4 Interoperability with assistive technologies . 17 6.5 User authentication 17 6.5.1 General . 17 6.5.2 Methods that
11、do not rely on character string memorization . 17 6.5.3 Methods that do not rely on selecting characters from a character string 18 6.5.4 Methods that do not rely on the user performing calculations . 18 6.5.5 Methods that do not rely on the users ability to speak . 18 6.5.6 Methods that do not rely
12、 on the users ability to produce gestures . 18 6.5.7 Methods that do not rely on the users ability to recognize and then enter characters 18 6.6 Biometrics for control 19 6.7 Retracing the dialogue path . 19 6.8 Arrangement of user interface elements 19 6.9 Touch activation on up event . 19 6.10 Opt
13、ions for touch activation on down event 20 7 Guidelines for the use of language . 20 7.1 General . 20 7.2 General language issues . 20 7.2.1 Clarifying the purpose of written or spoken content 20 7.2.2 Sentence focus 20 7.2.3 Unambiguous terms and concepts 20 7.3 Syntax 21 7.3.1 Simple language . 21
14、 7.3.2 Short sentences . 21 7.3.3 Essential information 21 7.3.4 Consistent grammar . 21 7.3.5 Simple sentence structure . 22 7.3.6 Preferred sentence structure . 22 7.3.7 Variation in sentence length and structure . 22 7.3.8 Relative clauses 22 7.3.9 Nested sentences 22 7.3.10 Position of modal and
15、 auxiliary verbs 23 7.3.11 Active voice . 23 7.3.12 Present tense . 23 ETSI ETSI EG 203 350 V1.1.1 (2016-11) 4 7.4 Semantics . 23 7.4.1 Concrete and specific wording . 23 7.4.2 Figurative language 24 7.4.3 Terminology of the user . 24 7.4.4 Consistent terminology 24 7.4.5 Avoidance of novel or propr
16、ietary terms 24 7.4.6 Explaining novel or proprietary terms 25 7.4.7 Avoidance of jargon or specialist language 25 7.5 Orthography and abbreviations 25 7.5.1 Consistent spelling . 25 7.5.2 Full word labels 25 7.5.3 Contractions and abbreviations 25 7.5.4 Meaning of abbreviations and symbols 26 7.6 S
17、tyle / use of words 26 7.6.1 Labels for action controls . 26 7.6.2 Consistent verb forms. 26 7.6.3 Labels for controls leading to objects . 26 7.6.4 Labels for choices representing states 27 7.6.5 Verbal style 27 7.6.6 Articles and relative pronouns 27 7.6.7 Avoidance of pronouns 27 7.6.8 Use of pro
18、nouns . 27 7.6.9 Use of conjunctions 28 7.6.10 Use of “must“ . 28 7.6.11 Cultural conventions and language styles 28 7.6.12 Simple paragraph structure . 28 7.6.13 Use of paragraphs to clarify logic 28 7.6.14 One topic per paragraph . 28 7.6.15 Topic of paragraph . 28 7.6.16 Simple instructions . 29
19、7.6.17 Consistent structures for instructions . 29 7.7 Addressing the audience 29 7.7.1 Suitable level of formality for the audience . 29 7.7.2 Direct addressing of readers . 29 7.7.3 Addressing readers as individuals 29 7.8 Presentation of language 30 7.8.1 Font size . 30 7.8.2 Font type 30 7.8.3 C
20、haracter stroke thickness 30 7.8.4 Italics 30 7.8.5 Text colour contrast 30 7.8.6 Line spacing . 31 7.8.7 Headings and subheadings . 31 7.8.8 Bullet points and numbered lists 31 7.8.9 Numerals 31 7.8.10 Long numerals 31 7.8.11 Roman numbers . 31 7.8.12 Fractions . 32 7.8.13 Consistent units of measu
21、rement 32 7.8.14 Display of calendar dates in long form. 32 8 Guidelines specific to mobile ICT with two-way voice communication . 32 8.1 General . 32 8.2 Guidelines 33 8.2.1 Alternatives to voice-based services 33 8.2.2 Alternatives to video-based services 33 8.2.3 Text messaging for asynchronous c
22、hat. 33 8.2.4 Photo-based call directory 33 9 Guidelines specific to mobile ICT with media playing and recording capabilities 34 9.1 General . 34 9.2 Guidelines 34 ETSI ETSI EG 203 350 V1.1.1 (2016-11) 5 9.2.1 Always visible playback controls . 34 10 Guidelines specific to hardware of mobile ICT . 3
23、4 10.1 General . 34 10.2 Guidelines 34 10.2.1 Standard connections 34 10.2.2 Symmetrical connections . 35 10.2.3 Discernibility of touch controls 35 10.2.4 Low-reflectance screens . 35 11 Guidelines specific to the mobile Web. 35 12 Guidelines specific to mobile software 36 12.1 General . 36 12.2 Co
24、nformity with user expectations 36 12.2.1 On focus . 36 12.2.2 On input 36 12.2.3 Consistent attributes . 37 12.2.4 Consistent gestures . 37 12.2.5 Consistent behaviour 37 12.2.6 Consistent layout 37 12.2.7 Consistent individualization . 37 12.2.8 Platform conventions 38 12.2.9 Breaking platform con
25、ventions 38 12.2.10 Respecting users intentions . 38 12.2.11 Maintaining privacy and security . 38 12.2.12 Non-threatening user interfaces 38 12.3 Support for individualization . 39 12.3.1 User-selectable options 39 12.3.2 Context sensitive individualization 39 12.3.3 Feedback modality selection 40
26、12.3.4 Input modality selection . 40 12.3.5 Access to personal information 40 12.3.6 Behaviour-related warnings . 41 12.4 Perceivability . 41 12.4.1 Setting attention on important information 41 12.4.2 Presenting important information to stand out . 41 12.4.3 Highlighting of the currently spoken wor
27、d 42 12.4.4 Enabling repetition of information . 42 12.4.5 Interference with the presentation of important information 42 12.4.6 Immediate response 42 12.4.7 Busy indication . 43 12.4.8 Availability of frequent and critical controls 43 12.4.9 Occasional controls 43 12.4.10 Non-allowed controls . 43
28、12.4.11 Accessing non-presented parts of information . 44 12.4.12 End of a set of information . 44 12.4.13 Multimodal feedback and prompts . 44 12.4.14 Touchscreen vibration 45 12.4.15 Structuring information 45 12.4.16 Presentation of dissimilar items . 45 12.4.17 Presentation of similar items 46 1
29、2.4.18 Distinguishable groups . 46 12.4.19 Grouping by proximity . 46 12.4.20 Separating groups . 46 12.4.21 Differentiating groups 46 12.4.22 Maximum group size 47 12.4.23 Filtering of information 47 12.4.24 Adjustment of attributes of user interface elements . 47 12.4.25 Adjustment of attributes o
30、f the cursor and pointer . 48 12.5 Understandability . 48 12.5.1 Information on current states 48 12.5.2 Context-sensitive help 48 ETSI ETSI EG 203 350 V1.1.1 (2016-11) 6 12.5.3 Images for context comprehension . 49 12.5.4 Symbols to enhance understanding of items 49 12.5.5 Minimizing the amount of
31、information 50 12.5.6 Unnecessary information 50 12.5.7 Access to levels of information 51 12.5.8 Navigating and searching through information 51 12.5.9 Video prompts 51 12.5.10 Audio prompts 51 12.5.11 Practice mode . 52 12.5.12 Activation and deactivation of the practice mode 52 12.5.13 Visibility
32、 of the practice mode . 52 12.5.14 Ability to have mathematical notation read out . 52 12.5.15 Associating a photo with a contact . 53 12.5.16 Time display . 53 12.5.17 Time orientation . 53 12.5.18 Time communication and management 53 12.5.19 Presentation of battery information 54 12.5.20 Low batte
33、ry guidance . 54 12.6 Controllability 54 12.6.1 Time limits . 54 12.6.2 Timing adjustable . 55 12.6.3 Adjustment of the timing adjustable extend option 55 12.6.4 Pause, stop, hide . 56 12.6.5 Focus order . 56 12.6.6 Link purpose. 57 12.6.7 Headings and labels 57 12.6.8 Focus visible. 57 12.6.9 Multi
34、-modal input 58 12.6.10 Word prediction . 58 12.6.11 Voice recognition . 58 12.6.12 Minimizing user actions . 58 12.6.13 Storing user input and system output locally . 58 12.6.14 Making past information items accessible to the user 59 12.6.15 Marking content for later retrieval . 59 12.6.16 Direct a
35、ccess to stored information 59 12.6.17 Exporting and importing information . 59 12.6.18 Organization of the collected input and output history 60 12.6.19 Access to information about possible actions. 60 12.6.20 Auto-fill-in technologies 60 12.6.21 Support for sub-dividing tasks . 60 12.6.22 Notifica
36、tion of the possibility for task sub-division . 61 12.6.23 Consistent navigation of episodic content or procedures . 61 12.6.24 Range of controls for navigation of episodic content or procedures 61 12.6.25 Identifying location within episodic content or procedures . 62 12.6.26 Identifying the end of
37、 episodic content or procedures . 62 12.6.27 Bookmarking episodic content or procedures 62 12.6.28 Presenting bookmarks of episodic content or procedures 62 12.6.29 Jumping to bookmarks in episodic content or procedures 62 12.6.30 Automatic traversal of episodic procedures . 63 12.6.31 Titling used
38、within episodic content or procedures 63 12.6.32 Automatic entry of user data 63 12.6.33 Copy and paste of user data 63 12.6.34 Predicting task duration 64 12.6.35 Indicating task progress 64 12.6.36 Additional support related to time demands . 64 12.7 Error tolerance . 65 12.7.1 Error identificatio
39、n . 65 12.7.2 Error suggestion . 65 12.7.3 Auto correction of errors 65 12.7.4 Error prevention (legal, financial, data) . 66 12.8 Compatibility with other systems 66 12.9 Suitability for learning . 66 ETSI ETSI EG 203 350 V1.1.1 (2016-11) 7 12.9.1 Labels or instructions . 66 12.10 Freedom from dist
40、raction . 67 12.10.1 Restart 67 12.10.2 Hiding non task-related content . 67 12.10.3 Reinstating non task-related content 67 13 Guidelines specific to documentation for mobile ICT . 68 13.1 General . 68 13.2 Guidelines 68 13.2.1 Accessible documentation 68 13.2.2 Use of language in documentation . 6
41、8 13.2.3 Results of user actions 68 13.2.4 Font size for user documentation . 68 13.2.5 Use of pictures for depicting simple actions 68 13.2.6 Use of spoken user information 69 Annex A: List of Usage needs 70 Annex B: Accessibility principles 72 B.1 Introduction 72 B.2 Principles . 72 Annex C: Cross
42、-reference between usage needs and guidelines 73 History 86 ETSI ETSI EG 203 350 V1.1.1 (2016-11) 8 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly ava
43、ilable for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web ser
44、ver (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may beco
45、me, essential to the present document. Foreword This ETSI Guide (EG) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Human Factors (HF). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described
46、in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction Many people with physical or cognitive impairments do not find it easy and efficient to use mobile IC
47、T devices and services manufactured for the mass market or for specific target groups such as young users. The concept of cognitive impairment is very broad. In general, a person with a cognitive impairment has more difficulties with one or more types of mental tasks than the average person i.36. Co
48、gnitive impairments can be described as “a substantial limitation in ones capacity to think, including conceptualizing, planning, and sequencing thoughts and actions, remembering, interpreting subtle social cues, and understanding numbers and symbols“ i.1. Cognitive impairments can include learning
49、impairments (difficulty to learn in conventional ways), language impairments (difficulty to understand or producing language), or some form of ageing-related cognitive impairment (e.g. dementia - including Alzheimers disease - memory loss, or lack of orientation). Individuals with cognitive impairments can face unique challenges that are often pervasive and changing throughout their lives. A number of accessibility guidelines for mobile ICT exist (from ETSI and other standards bodies as well as from academic and industrial sources). They provide guidance to device a
