1、 ETSI SR 002 451 V1.1.1 (2006-01)Special Report User Group;SMEs as ICT users - Standardization perspectiveETSI ETSI SR 002 451 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 2 Reference DSR/USER-00018 Keywords ICT, user ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 4
2、7 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic v
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6、ions Standards Institute 2006. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM and UMTSTM are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. TIPHONTMand the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI register
7、ed for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI SR 002 451 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Definitions and abbreviations.5 3.1 Definitions5 3.2 Abbreviations .7 4 General principles 8 4.1 Introductio
8、n 8 4.2 Objective 8 4.3 Methodology 8 4.4 Question Analysis.12 4.4.1 Method12 4.4.2 Question 1.12 4.4.2.1 Geographical comparison14 4.4.3 Question 2.15 4.4.4 Question 3.16 4.4.5 Question 4.17 4.4.5.1 Geographical comparison19 4.4.6 Question 5.20 4.4.7 Question 6.20 4.5 Conclusion21 Annex A: Survey r
9、esults 22 History 29 ETSI ETSI SR 002 451 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members
10、, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp
11、). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the pres
12、ent document. Foreword This Special Report (SR) has been produced by ETSI User Group (USER). ETSI ETSI SR 002 451 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 5 1 Scope The present document will enlight the needs of SMEs as ICT users in the scope of standardization. 2 References For the purposes of this Special Report (SR) the
13、 following references apply: ETSI EG 201 219 (V1.3.1): “User requirements; Guidelines on the consideration of user requirements when managing the standardization process“. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions ap
14、ply: anti virus: utility that searches a hard disk for viruses and removes any that are found NOTE: Most anti virus programs include an auto-update feature that enables the program to download profiles of new viruses so that it can check for the new viruses as soon as they are discovered. Asymmetric
15、 Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL): new technology that allows more data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines (POTS) NOTE: ADSL supports data rates of from 1,5 Mbps to 9 Mbps when receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and from 16 Kbps to 640 Kbps when sending data (known as the upstr
16、eam rate). bug: interference of the system eBusiness: commerce conducted in cyberspace NOTE: It is the execution of real-time business processes with the assistance of Internet technologies. Business that is primarily carried out electronically over various networks (e.g. intranets, extranets, and/o
17、r the Internet using the World Wide Web) and that typically uses Web technology to: Streamline business processes. Increase productivity and efficiency. Easily communicate with partners, vendors and customers. Connect users to back-end applications and databases. Transact commerce in a secure manner
18、 (i.e. eCommerce). eCommerce: conduct of commerce in goods and services over the Internet NOTE: It includes: consumers using the Internet to purchase goods and services online; as well as businesses selling and communicating with other businesses through the Internet. eGovernment: generic term that
19、refers to any government functions or processes that are carried out in digital form over the Internet NOTE: Local, state and federal governments essentially set up central Web sites from which the public (both private citizens and businesses) can find public information, download government forms a
20、nd contact government representatives. eMarketplace: can be defined as a web-based environment that links many business parties together NOTE: This could be a particular industry to execute and optimize business processes in that industry or across industries by collaborating information with these
21、parties. eProcurement: Business-to-Business (B2B) purchase and sale of supplies and services over the Internet ETSI ETSI SR 002 451 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 6 NOTE: eProcurement software makes it possible to automate some buying and selling. Companies implementing eProcurement systems expect to be able to c
22、ontrol inventory more effectively and reduce purchasing agent overhead. eSignature: shall mean “an electronic sound, symbol, or process, attached to or logically associated with an electronic record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record“ encryption software: translat
23、ion of data into a secret code. Encryption is the most effective way to achieve data security fibre to the home: single wiring by optical fibre for being used for the various TIC applications of a house firewall: system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network NOTE: Firew
24、alls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through the firewa
25、ll, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria. A firewall is considered a first line of defence in protecting private information. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS): standard for wireless communications which runs at speeds up to 115 Kb/s, compar
26、ed with current Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) systems 9,6 Kb NOTE: GPRS, which supports a wide range of bandwidths, is an efficient use of limited bandwidth and is particularly suited for sending and receiving small bursts of data, such as e-mail and Web browsing, as well as large vo
27、lumes of data. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM): one of the leading digital cellular systems NOTE: GSM uses narrowband TDMA, which allows eight simultaneous calls on the same radio frequency. hotline: telephone service of assistance to the user Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
28、: international communications standard for sending voice, video, and data over digital telephone lines or normal telephone wires NOTE: ISDN supports data transfer rates of 64 Kbps (64,000 bits per second). internet sharing software: method for connecting many computers in a LAN to the Internet thro
29、ugh a single connection and a single IP address intrusion: unauthorized access mCommerce: refers to transactions using a wireless device and data connection that result in the transfer of value in exchange for information, services, or goods NOTE: Mobile commerce, facilitated generally by mobile pho
30、nes, includes services such as banking, payment, and ticketing. Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN): refers to the international telephone system based on copper wires carrying analogical voice data NOTE: This is in contrast to newer telephone networks base on digital technologies, such as ISDN
31、 and FDDI. Telephone service carried by the PSTN is often called Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). router: device that forwards data packets along networks NOTE: A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISPs network. Routers are located at gateways
32、, the places where two or more networks connect. server: computer or device on a network that manages network resources spam: not desired email spoof: not desired email by usurping the identity of a company ETSI ETSI SR 002 451 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 7 Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL): technology
33、that allows more data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines (POTS) NOTE: SDSL supports data rates up to 3 Mbps. SDSL works by sending digital pulses in the high-frequency area of telephone wires and can not operate simultaneously with voice connections over the same wires. SDSL requires a
34、special SDSL modem. SDSL is called symmetric because it supports the same data rates for upstream and downstream traffic. A similar technology that supports different data rates for upstream and downstream data is called Asymmetric Digital SubscriberLline (ADSL). Universal Mobile Telecommunications
35、System (UMTS): 3G mobile technology that will deliver broadband information at speeds up to 2 Mbits/s NOTE: Besides voice and data, UMTS will deliver audio and video to wireless devices anywhere in the world through fixed, wireless and satellite systems. Virtual Private Network (VPN): network that i
36、s constructed by using public wires to connect nodes EXAMPLE: There are a number of systems that enable you to create networks using the Internet as the medium for transporting data. NOTE: These systems use encryption and other security mechanisms to ensure that only authorized users can access the
37、network and that the data cannot be intercepted. wireless: without wire 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode B2B Business-to-Business FTTB Fiber-To-The-Building FTTC Fiber
38、-To-The-CurbFTTH Fiber-To-The-Home GPRS General Packet Radio Service GPS Global Positioning SystemGSM Global System for Mobile Communications ICT Information and Communication Technologies ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISP Internet Service Provider LAN Local Area Network PKI Public Key In
39、frastructure PMR Private Mobile Radio POTS Plain Old Telephone Service PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network QoS Quality of Service RF Radio Frequency SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line SME Small and Medium size Enterprises UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System VPN Virtual Private Net
40、work WAN Wide Area Network ETSI ETSI SR 002 451 V1.1.1 (2006-01) 8 4 General principles 4.1 Introduction In November 2003, NORMAPME has conducted a survey among the most important European SMEs associations and some relevant SMEs working in the ICT sector in Europe. The survey concerned the use of I
41、CT in SMEs. What we have to stress for instance, is that even if ICT SMEs produce ICT, they were asked to comment on ICT just as users, and not as manufacturers. The purpose of this questionnaire was in fact to obtain a survey to produce an awareness white paper on SMEs needs as ICT users. 4.2 Objec
42、tive A) Volume of SMEs in Europe One of the key issues of the Internal market policy is to ensure the existence of competition between companies. The more companies that are involved, the more likely that competition will exist. Thus, we can conclude that SMEs encourage competition. They represent t
43、he largest share of European companies - 99 % of European companies are SMEs and employ almost 81 million people, which is 66 % of Europes total employment. Within SMEs, micro-sized enterprises represent 93 % of SMEs and employ fewer than ten people. There are more than 19 million companies in this
44、category. For this reason and because their training needs are more specific and important, we will pay special attention to micro-sized enterprises in this article. B) ICT and SMEs Due to the nature of ICT businesses, fewer SMEs are involved in this sector than in traditional SME sectors like const
45、ruction. Hence in order to cover the widest scope possible concerning standards and standardization in ICT, we have to take into account both SMEs as ICT users as manufacturers and service providers. Another difference when discussing this subject is to approach standardization as well as the use of
46、 standardized products. Therefore we decided to limit this survey to SMEs as ICT users as if not all SMEs are involved in this sector all of them use ICT products and services. C) Participation of SMEs in ICT standardization Concerning standardization work in general, we can fully agree that “it has
47、 been frequently observed that SMEs do not normally participate in standardization, a fact typically attributed to a lack of resources.“ Nevertheless SMEs can do it via their national associations, sectoral associations, Normapme, or even by participation in the National Shadow Committees when they
48、come from a country with a small number of large companies. In these countries, the national position is more likely to reflect that of SMEs. ICT standardization is rather a different case due to the structure of the ICT standardization bodies. Within ICT Standard Deliverable Bodies, it appears that
49、 most SMEs involved in technical work are manufacturers or services providers. Since last year, there was no SME association representing SMEs as users in any ICT standardization institute. This reflects the general trend that users, whoever they are, are not represented in Technical Bodies. When they are, they also have to face another problem, which is the lack of understanding between technical experts and user representatives concerning user requirements. 4.3 Methodology We produced a small questionnaire taking into account use of IT products and services as well as stand
