1、ETSI TR 102 134 1.1.1 (2002-11) Technical Repor Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Device equipment operating below 1 GHz; Systems Reference Document for introduction of systems for Asset Tracking using Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) in the band 865
2、-868 MHz 2 ETSI TR 102 134 VI .I .I (2002-1 1) Reference DTR/ERM-RM-020 Keywords radio, short range, spread spectrum, SRD, SRDOC, UHF ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 O0 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret No 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association
3、but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-prfecture de Grasse (06) No 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:lwmv.etsi .arq The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or percei
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6、No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. O European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2002. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTMand UMTSTMare Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the
7、benefit of its Members. TIPHONTM and the TIPHON logo are Trade Marks currently being registered by ETSI for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI 3 ETSI TR 102 134 VI . 1 . 1 (2002-1 1) Conte
8、nts Intellectual Property Rights 5 Foreword . 5 1 2 3 3.1 3.2 4 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6 Scope 6 References 6 Definitions and abbreviations . 6 . 6 . 7 Definitions . Abbreviations Executive summary 7 Detailed information on various aspects 8 . 8 Estimated number of FHSS transmissions
9、(worst condition) . 8 Estimated interference . . 8 Limitation of the duty cycle o Polling transmitter . . 8 The economic benefits . . 8 Social benefit . . 9 Spectrum requ tification . 9 Technical Issues . . 10 Current Regulation - Region 1 and CEPT allocation . . 10 Main conclusions 10 . Annex A: A
10、. 1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 A.7 Summary 14 Annex B: B.l B.2 ASAP Technology 16 B . 3 B.4 Assets . 17 Market information Essential, orpotentially Essential, IPRs notlJied to ETSI in respect ofETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web serve
11、r (5). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR O00 3 14 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the
12、 present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (EM). ETSI 6 ETSI TR 102 134 VI .I .I (2002-1 1) 1 Scope The present document applies to Radio equipment to be operated in the 25 MHz to 1 O00
13、 MHz frequency range and using a Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum modulation technique for Asset Tracking items. The system is expected to operate in the 865 MHz to 868 MHz frequency range, according to the spectrum mask limits in the clause C.4 and subject to SE 24 compatibility studies needed. Th
14、e duty cycle of a transmission is very low - typically twice a day, 3,6 s transmission ( 250 nW=( -36 d J Max Signal 500 mW =+27dBm . I I I EXISTIND SRDs 1 865 MHz I 868 MHz In order to have independent frequencies, the hops are to be at least the inverse of the average delay spread, which is in the
15、 order of 3 ps in urban areas (=300 kHz). Reception in seven independent frequencies leads to the need for =2 MHz. Two attributes of FHSS needs to be mentioned: 1) 2) The out-of-band energy leakage is exceptionally small compared to DSSS systems. The system could operate in non-contiguous bands or n
16、arrower bands with reduced performances. B.12 Peak Power Density The Peak Power Density, using FHSS modulation, per 30 kHz channel is: = 500 mW/30 kHz. B.13 Frequency Spurious Emission (measured) NOTE: The equipment which was used for frequency mask measurement is commercially available at 967 MHz.
17、It is planned to shift it to the 865 MHz to 868 MHz band once this band is allocated. ETSI 21 ETSI TR 102 134 VI .I .I (2002-1 1) In a frequency hopping spread spectrum system the carrier is modulated with the coded information in a conventional manner causing a conventional spreading of the RF ener
18、gy about the frequency carrier. The frequency of the carrier is not fixed but changes at fixed intervals under the direction of a coded sequence. The wide RF bandwidth needed by such a system is not required by spreading the RF energy about the carrier but rather to accommodate the range of frequenc
19、ies to which the carrier frequency can hop. The test of a frequency hopping system is that the near term distribution of hops appears random, the long term distribution appears evenly distributed over the hop set, and sequential hops are randomly distributed in both direction and magnitude of change
20、 in the hop set. B.14 Hot Spot The “hot spots“ in ASAP system are in containers or swap bodies hubs that might contain up to 5 O00 assets to be tracked. The containers reside in the hub. The transmission policy is as follows: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Assets that do not move transmit twice a day. Assets on the
21、 move transmit once an hour. Assets reside one week on average in a hub. Transmission length is 3,6 s. An asset moves out of the hot spot area within less than an hour. The number of transmissions per day is: All units transmit twice a day, 2/7 of the units are moving in or out and therefore transmi
22、ts an additional transmission (and then move out of the hot spot area). Altogether: 5 000(2+2/7) = =11 428 daily transmissions. Per hour: =476 transmissions per hour. Assuming that we check the duty cycle per a channel of 30 kHz, the duty cycle will be 476 x 3,6 / (3 600 x 64) = 0,007 B. 15 Technica
23、l justifications for spectrum Spread Spectrum systems inherently need wide band spectrum. Use of FHSS for communication associated with AoA based location technology provide the following features: Enable accurate location of very weak signals. Sparse and low-cost infrastructure. FHSS presents very
24、low probability of interference to other devices operating in the same band. Because of very low spurious emissions produced by FHSS, adjacent band services are not to be affected. Provides means for successfully overcoming the multipath phenomena in urban environment. Due to the intended use of the
25、 system in urban environment, sufficient propagation can only be achieved working in the UHF band below 1 GHz. The band 865 MHz to 868 MHz would be suitable for FHSS on a frequency-sharing basis. ETSI 22 ETSI TR 102 134 VI .I .I (2002-1 1) Annex C: Expected compatibility issues c. 1 Coexistence test
26、s and studies In addition to the sharing tests mentioned below, compatibility studies between different services and systems will probably be requested by CEPT/ECC SE 24. Studies will be necessary between FHSS and other systems using the same band or adjacent bands: Tactical Radio Relay Link (TRRL).
27、 CT-2 systems and - other SRDs such as tele-alarm, telemetry, RFID, DSSS and cordless audio devices in adjacent bands and within the defined sub-bands. Television (channel 69) and aeronautical radionavigation in some countries (ITU Radio Regulations 3). ETSI 23 ETSI TR 102 134 VI .I .I (2002-1 1) An
28、nex D: Bibliography Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics“. ERC Report 25: “Frequency range 29.7 MHz to 105 GHz and associated European table of frequency allocations and utilizations“ ETSI 24 ETSI TR 102 134 VI .I .I (2002-1 1) vl.l.l History November 2002 Publication ETSI
