1、 ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09)Technical Report PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT);LCL review and statistical analysisETSI ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 2 Reference DTR/PLT-00012 Keywords methodology, powerline, transmission ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Te
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7、ers and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 3 Abbreviations .5 4 Measurement method and measurement locations.5 5 Example test results6 6 Proof of frequency independence
8、.7 7 Statistical evaluation of the measured LCL8 8 Dependencies from national particularities in installation - and earthing-techniques in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain8 History 10 ETSI ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to th
9、e present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI
10、 in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given a
11、s to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Powerline Telecommunications (PLT). Int
12、roduction In order to study and compare characteristics of the LVDN network in different countries a STF (Special Task Force) was set-up. The present document is one of the four TRs which present the result of the work (TR 102 259 4, TR 102 269 5 and TR 102 270 6). The present document takes into ac
13、count matters like earthing variations, country variations, operator differences, phasing and distribution topologies, domestic, industrial housing types along with local network loading.The measurement set-up, the measurements as such, the used software the site reports and parts of the analysis ar
14、e common for all the TRs and is collected in the TR 102 270 6. ETSI ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 5 1 Scope The present document presents the results from LCL measurements performed in Germany, The Netherlands and Spain. It investigates the distribution of the LCL values in respect to the frequen
15、cy and to the national LVDN-particularities (wiring technology, earthing etc.). 2 References For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR) the following references apply: 1 ITU-T Recommendation G.117 (1996): “Transmission aspects of unbalance about earth“. 2 Ian P. Macfarlane: “A probe for the meas
16、urement of electrical unbalance of networks and devices“, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 41, Issue 1. 3 ETSI TR 102 175: “Powerline Telecommunications (PLT); Channel characterization and measurement methods“. 4 ETSI TR 102 259: “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); EMI revie
17、w and statistical analysis“. 5 ETSI TR 102 269: “PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT); PLT Hidden Node Analysis“. 6 ETSI TR 102 270: “PowerLine Telecommunication (PLT); Basic LVDN measurement data“. 3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: EDP Electr
18、onic Data Processing LCL Longitudinal Conversion Loss LVDN Low Voltage Distribution Network STF Special Task Force ToR Terms of Reference 4 Measurement method and measurement locations The measurements have been performed with a LCL-measurement adapter according to Macfarlane 2. The differential mod
19、e design impedance is Z = 100 . The measurements corresponds to the LCL-definition of ITU-T Recommendation G.117 1. The protection earth at the socket to be measured was not connected to the ground plane. The size of the ground plane representing reference potential for the asymmetric mode is chosen
20、 in a way that changes of its size or low inductive connections to grounded structures (water pipes) does not influence the measurements (especially at low frequencies). The effect of measurement errors due to insufficient capacitive coupling to ground, as discussed in CISPR/I was not observed with
21、this layout. Several measurement locations have been chosen, so that different countries, different types of installations and different building usage are covered by the measurements. All measurements were performed during day-time with household appliances, EDP-equipment and production machinery n
22、ormally connected to the mains. In total the LCL of 68 plugs was measured. Each measurement consists of 59 measurement frequencies. ETSI ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 6 5 Example test results The value of LCL varies in general with frequency and measurement location. Therefore a statistical evalu
23、ation must be performed in order to consider not the absolute worst case but a case, for which it can be guaranteed that most of the plugs of the LVDN are better than this case. Figure 1 shows typical results of LCL measurements at two plugs on different measurement locations. Comparison of the diff
24、erent LCL plots shows that no specific LCL behaviour can be observed regarding to the country or the installation types (single phase, three phase, and earthing variations). Therefore it is not necessary to distinguish between principle installation types. A slight variation was found regarding usag
25、e of the building. Industrial usage with many installed tool machines yields to lower LCL values. However the slight difference and the small number of industrial sites do not justify a separate statistical evaluation. 253035404550556065700 5 10 15 20 25 30LCL / dBf / MHzNOTE: : Germany -: Spain Fig
26、ure 1: Typical LCL measurement results of two plugs on different measurement locations ETSI ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 7 6 Proof of frequency independence If the LCL behaviour shows no general tendency with frequency, all measurement points regardless of frequency can be used for statistical e
27、valuation. A general frequency dependence can be established by calculating the regression line (especially its slope) with the least squares method for each LCL measurement location. From all slopes the cumulative probability can be obtained in dependence of the slope. This function is plotted in f
28、igure 2. It shows that the variance of the slope is low. The median value of the slope is nearly 0 dB/MHz. With this result the frequency independence of LCL is proven. 020406080100-0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8cumulativeprobabilityin %slope in dB/MHzFigure 2: Cumulative probability of the sl
29、ope of the regression line for the LCL frequency plots ETSI ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 8 7 Statistical evaluation of the measured LCL Taking into account all frequencies and locations (without pure industrial sites) the cumulative probability in dependence of the mean LCL for each site is plot
30、ted in figure 3. As it can be seen from this curve, the median LCL (50 %-value) is 33,0 dB and 80 % of all measurement sites show a LCL of more than 30,7 dB. 010203040506070809010028 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38cumulativeprobabilityin%LCL in dBFigure 3: Cumulative probability in dependence of mean
31、LCL for all measurement frequencies and locations 8 Dependencies from national particularities in installation - and earthing-techniques in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain For comparison table 1 shows the evaluated LCL-values measured in the three countries (excluding factories, which were only m
32、easured in Spain and for which the statistical basis is insufficient). Table 1 Country Area LCL (dB) Germany Stuttgart 31,6 The Netherlands Eindhoven 29,9 Spain Zaragoza 32,3 ETSI ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 9 In addition to national dependences the data is analyzed according to installation types see table 2, i.e. installations with three phase or single phase per flat/house. Table 2 Installation type LCL (dB) Three phases 31,0 Single phase 32,2 No significant difference can be detected. ETSI ETSI TR 102 258 V1.1.1 (2003-09) 10History Document history V1.1.1 September 2003 Publication
