1、 ETSI TR 102 311 V1.2.1 (2015-11) Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point equipment; Specific aspects of the spatial frequency reuse method TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 102 311 V1.2.1 (2015-11) 2 Reference RTR/ATTM-04029 Keywords DFRS, digital, DRRS, FWA, MIMO, radio ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921
2、 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/standards-search T
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6、t may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the forego
7、ing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2015. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the be
8、nefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 102 311 V1.2.1 (2015-11) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verbs terminology 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 6g32 Refer
9、ences 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Symbols 8g33.3 Abbreviations . 8g34 Overview 9g34.1 Capacity improvement of the MIMO system (Spatial Multiplexing) . 9g34.2 Difference between Cross-Polarization
10、and Spatial Frequency Reuse (MIMO) 11g34.3 Methods to achieve spatial frequency reuse . 13g34.3.1 Spatial configuration . 13g34.3.1.1 MIMO channel with spatial configuration 13g34.3.1.2 MIMO System Model . 13g34.3.2 Spatial frequency reuse based on rich scattering 14g34.3.3 Spatial frequency reuse b
11、ased on link geometry . 15g34.3.3.1 Channel matrix pure line of sight case 15g34.3.3.2 Maximal orthogonal condition and optimal antenna spacing 18g34.3.3.3 Spatial diversity gain . 20g34.3.3.4 Working with antenna spacing below the sub-optimal condition . 20g34.3.3.5 Channel matrix considering link
12、propagation . 21g34.3.3.6 Multi-polarized MIMO . 22g34.4 MIMO Performance . 22g34.5 The spatial frequency reuse canceller . 24g34.5.1 Open-Loop MIMO 24g34.5.2 Closed-Loop MIMO . 25g34.5.3 MIMO receiver cancellation technique comparison . 27g35 Verification by field trial and simulation . 28g35.1 Ove
13、rview 28g35.2 5 GHz field trial 28g35.2.1 MIMO channel measurement experiment - Aims . 28g35.2.2 MIMO channel measurement experiment - Configuration and plan 29g35.2.3 MIMO channel measurement setup 29g35.2.3.1 Tx setup . 29g35.2.3.2 RX setup 29g35.2.3.3 Test results and analysis 30g35.2.3.3.1 Resul
14、ts . 30g35.2.3.3.2 Analysis. 31g35.2.3.3.3 MIMO channel measurement experiment - Conclusions 33g35.3 18 GHz field trial 33g35.3.1 MIMO channel measurement experiment - Aims . 33g35.3.2 MIMO channel measurement experiment - Configuration and plan 33g35.3.3 MIMO channel measurement setup 33g35.3.4 Tes
15、t results and analysis . 34g36 Verification by simulation 35g36.1 The simulation block diagram 35g36.2 The simulation results 37g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 311 V1.2.1 (2015-11) 4 7 Void 37g38 Practical implementation 38g38.1 Overview 38g38.2 Installation Issues . 38g38.3 Availability Calculation . 39g39 Summ
16、ary 39g3Annex A: List of Topics to be considered in Standardization 40g3A.1 Topic List . 40g3Annex B: Antenna Geometry and Composite Antenna RPEs 41g3B.1 Antenna Geometry . 41g3B.2 Composite Antenna RPEs . 41g3Annex C: MIMO Status in 2014 . 44g3History 45g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 311 V1.2.1 (2015-11) 5 Int
17、ellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Ri
18、ghts (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, ha
19、s been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Tech
20、nical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules
21、 (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction It has been known for a long time that in order to improve theoretically the capacity of a given communication channel with maintaining the e
22、xisting power at the transmitter and SNR at the receiver, the best solution is to dismantle the aggregate single channel into independent orthogonal sub-channels all using the same carrier frequency. To this theoretical improvement a considerable practical implementation can be added, given that wit
23、h the distributing of payload among sub-channels the required order of the modulation scheme can be reduced. One example of exploiting this payload distribution method can be found in the existing “co-channel dual polarization“ mode. With this implementation the aggregate payload is distributed betw
24、een the both orthogonal independent sub-channels - the two perpendicular linear polarization carriers. The present document describes a new approach of orthogonalization , the spatial frequency re-use. As in the case of polarization, in order to perform the separation at the receiver, a special modu
25、le should be incorporated - similar to the cross-polarization Interference Canceller (XPIC) - the Spatial Frequency Reuse Canceller (SFRC). In general, the SFR method is not limited to only two sub-channels as in the CCDP case, and systems that use it are able to double, triple or multiple the spect
26、ral efficiency without any trade off on the system gain as it is normally the case with improving the spectral efficiency by going to high order QAM modulation. The present document includes an updated view of the SFR scheme using Multiple Antenna Techniques (MIMO). Furthermore, some theoretical asp
27、ect reviews, installation issues, results from a new in field trial, considerations about planning and, in the end, a living list for relevant standards modifications have been added. Main changes reported in the present document are related to the MIMO system model, performance with non-optimal ant
28、enna spacings, installation issue, new field trial, antenna composite RPE and MIMO deployment status in Europe. ETSI ETSI TR 102 311 V1.2.1 (2015-11) 6 1 Scope The present document provides, initially, a theoretical overview of how point-to-point systems that use SFRC could improve the link capacity
29、 and/or system gain, or could focus power in different directions or cover an area. Focus is put on LOS links. In general these different results may “compete“ with one another and for example an increase of capacity may require an increase of system gain. Few basic methods for implementing SFR are
30、provided in the present document. Simulation and field trial results are provided in order to show the discussed techniques and the main improvements for the SFRC over the “Internal“ Co-Channel Interference (ICCI). Main report subjects: Increase the link capacity (by increasing the spectral efficien
31、cy). Increase the link system gain (by increasing the receiver SNR). Methods of implementing SFR (by using MIMO). Verification by simulations and trials. Improvement parameter definition. Planning matters (installation issues and availability calculation). Living list for standard modifications. 2 R
32、eferences 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including
33、 any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term vali
34、dity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the
35、 cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced doc
36、uments are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 Recommendation ITU-R F.699: “Reference radiation patterns for fixed wireless system antennas for use in coordination studies and interference assessment in the
37、frequency range from 100 MHz to about 70 GHz“. ETSI ETSI TR 102 311 V1.2.1 (2015-11) 7 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Eigenvalue (2): Eigenvalues of the matrix H HHare the root of the chara
38、cteristic equation: 0)det(2= IHHHexpectation (EH): weighted average value of a Random Variable over all possible realizations that the Random Variable may assume NOTE 1: The weight coefficients are the probability value that the Random Variable assumes that value. NOTE 2: Subscript “H“ refers to the
39、 name of the Random Variable, for the reference scope “H“ is the Channel Matrix. EXAMPLE: Mathematical formulation: - discrete scalar random variable “X“: “X“ takes values “x1, x2“ with probabilities “p1, p2“ =1iiipxXE- continuous scalar random variable “X“: “X“ takes continuous values and f(x) is t
40、he probability density function ()dxxfxXE =+- Matrix Random Variable “H“: =NMNNMMNMNNMMNMHhEhEhEhEhEhEhEhEhEhhhhhhhhhEHE.212222111211212222111211Hadamard product (): operation that takes two matrices of the same dimensions, and produces another matrix where each element “ij“ is the product of elemen
41、ts “ij“ of the original two matrices Hermitian transpose ()H: N M matrix “H“ with complex entries is the M N “H*“ matrix obtained from “H“ by taking the transpose and then taking the complex conjugate of each matrix entries NOTE: Also known as Complex Transpose. ETSI ETSI TR 102 311 V1.2.1 (2015-11)
42、 8 matrix trace (Tr): trace of an N N square matrix “Q“ is defined to be the sum of the elements on the main diagonal ()=+=NiiNiiiNNqqqqQTr112211. power constraint: constraint applicable to the total transmission power level of the MIMO system (PMIMO) with respect to the transmitted power level by t
43、he SISO system (PSISO) NOTE: If the MIMO system transmits the same power level of the reference SISO system then the power constraint holds. Otherwise if PMIMOis higher than PSISO, e.g. in case of N M MIMO barb2right PMIMO= N PSISO, the constraint does not hold. singular value (): defined as the squ
44、are root of the Eigenvalues 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: Transmission Power Weight (for Water Filling/Pouring) A Free Space Loss and Fading Attenuation Effects Matrix argmin(.) Argument which minimize the brackets content B Bandwidth C Capacity b
45、it/s/Hz dB decibeldBc decibel relative to mean carrier power dBi decibel relative to an isotropic radiator dBm decibel relative to 1 milliWatt dBW decibel relative to 1 Watt doptOptimal Distance between Antennas EHExpectation over variable H H NxM Channel Matrix I Unitary Matrix Singular Value of Ch
46、annel Matrix (H) 2Eigenvalue of Matrix HHHM Number of Transmit Antennas m Modulation Order N Number of Receive Antennas N0Noise Power Spectral Density P Transmission Power LevelPMIMO Transmission Power Level of MIMO system (total) PSISO Transmission Power Level of SISO system ppm parts per million S
47、NR Suni0305 Average Received Power X Polarization Effects Matrix (XPD) det Matrix Determinant Tr Matrix Trace Hadamard Product | Absolute Value ()HHermitian Transpose 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AWGN Added White Gaussian Noise BER Bi
48、t Error Ratio BLAST Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time C/N Carrier to Noise CCDP Co-Channel Dual Polarization CEPT Comit Europen des Postes et Tlcommunications CS Channel Separation ETSI ETSI TR 102 311 V1.2.1 (2015-11) 9 CTF Channel Transfer Function ECC Electronic Communication Committee FS Fixe
49、d Service ICCI “Internal“ Co-Channel Interference IDU InDoor Unit ITU-R International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication LOS Line Of Sight MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output ML Maximum-Likelihood MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error MP Multi-Path MSE Mean Square Error MW MicroWave nLOS near-Line Of Sight NLOS Non-Line Of Sight PP Point-to-PointPTP Point To Point QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation RF Radio Frequency RIC Radio I
