1、 ETSI TR 102 704 V1.2.1 (2012-03) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Radar sensors for non-automotive; ground based vehicular applications in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz frequency range Technical Report ETSI ETSI TR 102 704
2、V1.2.1 (2012-03) 2Reference RTR/ERM-TGSRR-057 Keywords EHF, radar, radio, SRD, SRDOC, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture
3、 de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such version
4、s, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revi
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8、2-03) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Executive summary 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 7g32 References 7g32.1 Normative references . 7g32.2 Informative references 7g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9g33.1 Definitions 9g33.2 Symbols 10g33.3 Abbreviations . 11g34 User de
9、fined clause(s) from here onwards . 11g34.1 Surveillance radar applications and scenarios 12g35 Market information. 12g36 Technical information 13g36.1 Detailed technical description 13g36.1.1 Systems overview . 13g36.1.1.1 Vehicular sensor system overview 13g36.1.2 Installation considerations 14g36
10、.1.2.1 Ground based vehicular applications 14g36.2 Technical parameters and implications on spectrum 15g36.2.1 Status of technical parameters 15g36.2.1.1 Current ITU and European Common Allocations . 15g36.2.1.1.1 Current 76 GHz to 77 GHz automotive radar applications 15g36.2.1.2 Sharing and compati
11、bility issues still to be considered . 15g36.3 Information on relevant standard(s) . 17g37 Radio spectrum request and justification . 17g38 Regulations and standardization . 18g38.1 Current regulations . 18g38.2 Proposed regulation and justification . 18g38.2.1 CEPT/ERC REC 70-03 . 18g38.2.2 propose
12、d ETSI actions 19g38.2.3 Other . 19g38.2.4 EMF limits 19g38.2.5 Potential interference from fixed applications to automotive radar 20g38.2.5.1 Simulation Scenario 20g38.2.5.2 First Results. 21g3Annex A: Detailed application information . 23g3A.1 Overview of categories for surveillance radar applicat
13、ions . 23g3A.1.1 Rail and general transportation . 24g3A.1.1.1 Background information and motivation 24g3A.1.1.2 Typical usage time and travel evaluation of such railway device . 29g3A.1.2 Construction, lorry, machinery and agriculture devices . 29g3A.1.2.1 Application examples: safety applications
14、and performance improvement 30g3A.1.2.2 Justification . 30g3A.1.2.3 Traffic evaluation 31g3A.1.3 Marine, coastal and harbour supervision 32g3A.1.4 Unmanned vehicles, ground transportation and automatic emergency brake. 33g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 704 V1.2.1 (2012-03) 4A.1.4.1 Traffic evaluation 34g3A.2 Con
15、clusion 34g3Annex B: Detailed market information . 35g3Annex C: Bibliography 36g3History 37g3ETSI ETSI TR 102 704 V1.2.1 (2012-03) 5Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essenti
16、al IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates a
17、re available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) whi
18、ch are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document includes necessary information to support the co-operation under
19、 the MoU between ETSI and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT). Executive summary The present document describes the radar based surveillance applications in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz for non-automotive ground bas
20、ed vehicular / mobile applications which in most cases are safety related. A high number of accidents in the public transportation area (trains and trams) or with construction/off road vehicles need an increase in the safety in these areas. Information on accidents is described in annex A. The 76 GH
21、z radar technology as realized in EN 301 091 i.1 is also suitable for applications in rail, maritime, construction, agriculture, leisure vehicles, unmanned vehicles and ground transportation. The automotive radars provide safety features and have reached a high penetration. The penetration will furt
22、her increase significantly with the introduction of radars not only in higher but also in lower class cars. The coexistence for all mobile ground based vehicular applications in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz can be based on the mitigation / sharing mechanisms between automotive radars. Such automotive mitiga
23、tion techniques are studied in a European funded project, called MOSARIM www.mosarim.eu. The results of the project and the automotive industries implementation of mitigation / sharing techniques for their systems will be reflected in an future update of the related ETSI standards, like EN 301 091 i
24、.1. Introduction ETSI has created a number of Harmonized Standards under the R technical information; regulatory issues. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited ve
25、rsion applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks includ
26、ed in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents
27、 are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI EN 301 091 (parts 1 and 2): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); R
28、adar equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range“. i.2 ECC/DEC/(02)01: “ECC Decision of 15 March 2002 on the frequency bands to be designated for the coordinated introduction of Road Transport and Traffic Telematic Systems“. i.3 SCI Verkehrs GmbH. NOTE: See www.sci.de. i.4 YARDS book 2008. ETS
29、I ETSI TR 102 704 V1.2.1 (2012-03) 8i.5 CEPT/ERC REC 70-03:“Relating to the Use of Short Range Devices (SRD)“. i.6 Merill Ivan Skolnik, Radar Handbook. NOTE: See ISBN 0-07-057908-3 at http:/de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0070579083. i.7 Merill Ivan Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems 2n
30、d Edition, McGraw-Hil, Inc 1980. NOTE: See ISBN 0-07-288138-0 at http:/de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/0072881380. i.8 ETSI EN 302 729 (all parts): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Level Probing Radar (LPR) equipment operating in th
31、e frequency ranges 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, 24,05 GHz to 26,5 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to 85 GHz“. i.9 VDMA report 2005. i.10 European Railway Agency. NOTE: See www.era.europa.eu. i.11 CENELEC EN 50413: “Basic standard on measurement and calculation procedures for human exposure to electric, magnetic
32、and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz - 300 GHz)“. i.12 CENELEC EN 62311: “Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz -300 GHz) (IEC 62311:2007, modified)“. i.13 CENELEC EN 50371: “Generic standard to demonstrate the complianc
33、e of low power electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public“. i.14 Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fiel
34、ds (0 Hz to 300 GHz). i.15 ISO 11898: “Road vehicles - Controller area network (CAN)“. i.16 div. deliverables from www.mosarim.eu; MOre Safety for All by Radar Interference Mitigation; European funded Project to study the interference between and from other applications to an automotive radar sensor
35、. - D1.7 - Estimation of interference risk from incumbent frequency users and services - D2.2 - Generation of an interference susceptibility model for the different radar principles i.17 ECC Report 139: “Impact of level probing radars using ultra-wideband technology on radiocommunications services“;
36、 February 2010. i.18 Commission Decision of 30 June 2010 amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices. i.19 Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equi
37、pment and the mutual recognition of their conformity. ETSI ETSI TR 102 704 V1.2.1 (2012-03) 93 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: antenna cycle: one complete sweep of a mechanically or electronic
38、ally scanned antenna beam along a predefined spatial path antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its 3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the antenna (as measured at its 3 dB point) assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to ope
39、rate associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the equipment average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated blanking period: time period where no intentional emission occurs duty cycle: ratio of the total on ti
40、me of the “message“ to the total off-time in any one hour period dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the inte
41、grated antenna together with any external antenna components which affect or influence its performance equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic radiator NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of “power or power density
42、into the antenna“ and “antenna gain“. e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density. equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or tim
43、e gating far field measurements: measurement distance should be a minimum of 2d2/ , where d = largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the EUT and is the operating wavelength of the EUT mean power: supplied from the antenna during an interval of time sufficiently long compared with the lowest fr
44、equency encountered in the modulation taken under normal operating conditions NOTE: For pulsed systems the mean power is equal the peak envelope power multiplied by the time gating duty factor. For CW systems without further time gating the mean power is equal the transmission power without modulati
45、on. on-off gating: methods of transmission with fixed or randomly quiescent period that is much larger than the PRF operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated NOTE: Equipment may be able to operate at more than one operating frequency. operatin
46、g frequency range: range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted through switching or reprogramming or oscillator tuning NOTE 1: For pulsed or phase shifting systems without further carrier tuning the operating frequency range is fixed on a single carrier line. NOTE 2: For
47、analogue or discrete frequency modulated systems (FSK, FMCW) the operating frequency range covers the difference between minimum and maximum of all carrier frequencies on which the equipment can be adjusted. ETSI ETSI TR 102 704 V1.2.1 (2012-03) 10peak envelope power: mean power (round mean square f
48、or sinusoidal carrier wave type) supplied from the antenna during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope taken under normal operating conditions Power Spectral Density (PSD): ratio of the amount of power to the used radio measurement bandwidth NOTE: It is expressed in unit
49、s of dBm/Hz or as a power in unit dBm with respect to the used bandwidth. In case of measurement with a spectrum analyser the measurement bandwidth is equal to the RBW. Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a time sufficiently long as to cover all PRI variations Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power quiescent period: time instant where no emission occurs radome: external protective cover which is independen
