1、 ETSI TR 103 225 V1.1.1 (2018-01) Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission quality and speech intelligibility for hearing impaired people TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 225 V1.1.1 (2018-01) 2Reference DTR/STQ-222 Keywords hearing aid, hearing impairment, intelligibility, mod
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8、tered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 225 V1.1.1 (2018-01) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Fore
9、word . 4g3Modal verbs terminology 4g3Executive summary 4g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 8g33.1 Definitions 8g33.2 Abbreviations . 8g34 Coupling between hearing aids and phones . 9g34.1 ETSI Sta
10、ndards on coupling of phones with Hearing aids . 9g34.2 Impact of wideband on speech understanding 9g35 Subjective tests . 9g35.1 Introduction 9g35.2 Subjective test methodology for assessing speech intelligibility 10g35.3 Summary of existing studies 10g35.3.1 References of studies and projects 10g3
11、5.3.2 Summary of the study Voice telecommunications accessibility for individuals with hearing loss . 11g36 Models for intelligibility assessment 11g36.1 Summary of existing studies 11g36.2 Need for a new model 12g37 Potential benefits of RTT for intelligibility 12g37.1 Introduction 12g37.2 Real Tim
12、e Text performance 12g37.3 Combination of speech communications and RTT 12g3Annex A: Bibliography 13g3History 14g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 225 V1.1.1 (2018-01) 4Intellectual Property Rights Essential patents IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The
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16、cated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Technica
17、l Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI
18、 Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Executive summary The present document provides data and information on studies that have shown that hearing impaired people are suffering
19、of insufficient intelligibility of transmitted speech, due to background noises, transmission impairments, shapes of receivers, tandeming of speech processing and coupling between earphones and hearing aids. It also shows that wideband bandwidth provides improved quality than achieved with narrowban
20、d for hearing impaired people using hearing aids, cochlear implants. The present document is intended as a first step of a potential work plan which needs to be constructed in order to define scenarios to conduct subjective tests on intelligibility, listening effort and quality for hearing impaired
21、people with different hearing profiles, and to define and validate an objective model to predict speech intelligibility, listening effort and quality for hearing impaired people, both by using hearing aids or not. The next phase should consist, at least, to study: how the listening quality for heari
22、ng impaired people can be improved, with or without hearing devices (including loudness, spectrum equalization or enhancement, etc.); how to determine the impact of the different transmission impairments on intelligibility for different types of hearing profiles, such as the potential impact of coup
23、ling between phone receivers and hearing aids (e.g. acoustical, inductive coupling); which kind of model(s) can best assess objectively the intelligibility of natural and synthesized speech; ETSI ETSI TR 103 225 V1.1.1 (2018-01) 5 what kind of model could determine the listening effort needed to fol
24、low and understand a conversation. The impairments from the distant send side may also have impacts on intelligibility of received speech, hence might need performance improvements. Introduction Several studies have shown that hearing impaired people suffer from less sufficient intelligibility of tr
25、ansmitted speech, due to background noises, transmission impairments, types of receivers, low quality coupling between earphones and hearing aids. It was also noted that an important parameter to be assessed is the listening effort. There is also a lack of subjective tests on intelligibility for hea
26、ring impaired people and there is no standardized objective model to predict speech intelligibility as perceived by hearing impaired people. Such tests should be done, at least, in wideband, as very few results are available for this bandwidth and it has been shown that wideband speech provides impr
27、ovements compared to narrowband speech for hearing impaired people. The present document is a first step to improve and assess the intelligibility of transmitted speech for hearing impaired people. It is expected that new documents, specifications or standards could be produced for specific applicat
28、ions, e.g. to associate text to speech in order to improve the intelligibility for the users, and to consider the best way to define relevant standards for these combinations. For further works, at least four topics have been identified. The three first topics could be developed by the ETSI TC STQ a
29、nd the fourth topic by the ETSI TC HF (Human Factors): Receive side for hearing impaired people, with or without hearing aids (including loudness, equalization, etc.), including modeling the listening effort. Impact of the different transmission impairments on intelligibility, quality and listening
30、effort. Impairments from the send side and consequences on intelligibility - improvements are expected. Association of text and speech, and consequences for intelligibility. Acoustical, inductive, wireless and electrical couplings between phones and hearing aids should be taken into account, as well
31、 as the different types of hearing aids (e.g. cochlear implants). ETSI ETSI TR 103 225 V1.1.1 (2018-01) 61 Scope The present document provides a review of existing test methodologies to assess speech intelligibility, quality and listening effort. It should be noted that most test methods (for qualit
32、y or intelligibility) have been developed with normal hearing people and that there is a lack of data for hearing impaired people. Some clauses of the present document provide a review of existing methods or test results that take into account couplings between phones and listeners ears (acoustical
33、coupling), and coupling between phones and hearing aids (inductive, acoustical or via radio links). Different hearing impairments affecting the listening performance are also considered. 2 References 2.1 Normative references Normative references are not applicable in the present document. 2.2 Inform
34、ative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments)
35、applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular sub
36、ject area. i.1 IEC 60118 series: “Hearing aids“. i.2 Recommendation ITU-T P.10/G.100: “Vocabulary for performance and quality of service“. i.3 Recommendation ITU-T P.16: “Subjective effects of direct crosstalk; thresholds of audibility and intelligibility“. i.4 Recommendation ITU-T P.85: “A method f
37、or subjective performance assessment of the quality of speech voice output devices“. i.5 ETSI EN 301 549: “Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT products and services in Europe“. i.6 Recommendation ITU-T P.807: “Subjective test methodology for assessing speech intelligibi
38、lity“. i.7 Recommendation ITU-T P.1311: “Method for determining the intelligibility of multiple concurrent talkers“. i.8 ETSI ES 200 381-1 (V1.2.1) (10-2012): “Telephony for hearing impaired people; Inductive coupling of telephone earphones to hearing aids; Part 1: Fixed-line speech terminals“. i.9
39、ETSI ES 200 381-2 (V1.1.1) (10-2012): “Telephony for hearing impaired people; Inductive coupling of telephone earphones to hearing aids; Part 2: Cellular speech terminals“. i.10 ETSI ETS 300 488 ed.1 (01-1996): “Terminal Equipment (TE); Telephony for hearing impaired people; Characteristics of telep
40、hone sets that provide additional receiving amplification for the benefit of the hearing impaired“. ETSI ETSI TR 103 225 V1.1.1 (2018-01) 7i.11 ETSI TR 102 949: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Wideband and Superwideband speech terminals; Perceptually motivated parameters“. i.12 AN
41、SI/ASA S3.2-2009 (R2014): “Method For Measuring The Intelligibility Of Speech Over Communication Systems“. i.13 Recommendation ITU-T P.862: “Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ): An objective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrow-band telephone networks and speech codec
42、s“. i.14 Recommendation ITU-T P.863: “Perceptual objective listening quality assessment“. i.15 ETSI ES 202 396-1: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Speech quality performance in the presence of background noise; Part 1: Background noise simulation technique and background noise data
43、base“. i.16 ETSI EG 202 396-2: “Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Speech quality performance in the presence of background noise; Part 2: Background noise transmission - Network simulation - Subjective test database and results“. i.17 ETSI EG 202 396-3: “Speech and multimedi
44、a Transmission Quality (STQ); Speech Quality performance in the presence of background noise; Part 3: Background noise transmission - Objective test methods“. i.18 Ute Jekosch, Technische Universitt Dresden: “Test on overall quality as perceived by high frequency hearing impaired subscribers“, ITU-T
45、 SG12 - C101 - September 2007. i.19 John Beerends, Ronald Van Buuren, Jeroen Van Vugt, Jan Verhave: “Objective Speech Intelligibility Measurement on the basis of natural speech in combination with perceptual modeling“, JAES, Vol.57, N 5, May 2009. i.20 Hearcom project (hearcom.eu). i.21 Directive 93
46、/42/EEC of 14 June 1993 concerning medical devices. i.22 Report on 2012 HLAA Convention. NB versus WB Speech Study. i.23 ITU-T Contribution SG12 - C93 - November 2013: “Subjective and objective measurement of synthesized speech intelligibility in modern telephone conditions“. i.24 Sridhar Kalluri, S
47、tarkey Hearing Research Center (Berkeley): “High frequency sound for the hearing impaired“. NOTE: Available at https:/www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/06/17/T061700000D0011PDFE.pdf. i.25 Linda Kozma-Spytek. Technology Access Program. Gallaudet University; Washington, DC: “Voice Telecommunications Acces
48、sibility for Individuals with Hearing Loss“. NOTE: Available at STQ(14)47_038_Voice_Telecommunications_Accessibility_for_Individuals_with_.zip. i.26 Hearing4all. NOTE: Available at http:/hearing4all.eu/EN/. i.27 ISO TR 22411: “Ergonomics data and guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to
49、 products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities“. i.28 ISO/IEC Guide 71: “Guide for addressing accessibility in standards“. i.29 ANSI/ASA S3.5-1997 (R2012): “American National Standard Methods for Calculation of the Speech Intelligibility Index“. i.30 ANSI S3.2-1989 (R1999): “Method For Measuring The Intelligibility Of Speech Over Communication Systems“. i.31 ETSI TS 103 558: “Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Methods for objective assessm
