1、 ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08) Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); 5 GHz high performance RLAN; Mitigation techniques to enable sharing between RLANs and Road Tolling and Intelligent Transport Systems in the 5 725 MHz to 5 925 MHz band TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08) 2R
2、eference DTR/BRAN-60018 Keywords broadband, ITS, LAN, radio, transport ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7
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9、2017-08) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 6g3Foreword . 6g3Modal verbs terminology 6g3Executive Summary 6g3Introduction 7g31 Scope 8g32 References 8g32.1 Normative references . 8g32.2 Informative references 8g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 11g33.1 Definitions 11g33.2 Symbols 11g33
10、.3 Abbreviations . 12g34 Overview of services under study 13g34.1 Existing/Proposed RLAN . 13g34.1.1 Overview 13g34.1.2 Existing regulations in the 5 150 MHz to 5 350 MHz and 5 470 MHz to 5 725 MHz bands . 13g34.1.3 Proposal for additional spectrum for RLANs . 14g34.1.4 Technical characteristics . 1
11、4g34.2 Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT) 15g34.2.1 Overview 15g34.2.2 Road-tolling applications in the band 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz . 15g34.2.3 Technical characteristics . 16g34.3 Transport systems (ITS) . 16g34.3.1 Overview 16g34.3.2 Transport systems (ITS) in the bands 5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz,
12、5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz . 16g34.3.3 Technical characteristics . 18g35 Interference scenarios . 18g35.1 Introduction 18g35.1.1 Overview 18g35.1.2 RLAN and Road Tolling (TTT) - description of scenarios . 18g35.1.3 RLAN and ITS - description of scenarios . 19g35.1.4 Proposed e
13、valuation settings . 21g36 Coexistence and mitigation techniques 22g36.1 Introduction 22g36.2 Mitigation techniques to enable coexistence of RLAN and road tolling (TTT) . 23g36.3 Detection of road toll stations. 24g36.3.0 Overview 24g36.3.1 Road toll detector 24g36.3.2 Detection of road toll station
14、s via ITS-G5 24g36.3.3 RLAN beacons 24g36.3.4 ITS-G5 beacons (coexistence CAMs). 24g36.3.5 Geo-location database . 25g36.4 Mitigation methods to reduce interference to road tolling (TTT). 25g36.4.0 Overview 25g36.4.1 Vacate/frequency non-use . 25g36.4.2 Transmit power control . 26g36.4.3 Duty cycle
15、limitation 26g36.4.4 Packet by packet interoperation 27g36.5 Mitigation techniques to enable coexistence of RLAN and ITS 27g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08) 46.5.0 Overview 27g36.5.1 Energy detection . 27g36.5.2 Detect and mitigate proposal 27g36.5.3 Detect and vacate 29g37 Mitigation techniqu
16、e evaluation . 32g37.1 Introduction 32g37.2 Mitigation techniques to enable coexistence of RLAN and road tolling (TTT) . 33g37.3 Detection of road toll stations. 33g37.3.0 Overview 33g37.3.1 Road toll detector 33g37.3.2 Detection of road toll stations via ITS-G5 33g37.3.3 RLAN beacons 33g37.3.4 ITS-
17、G5 beacons (coexistence CAMs). 33g37.3.5 Geo-location database . 34g37.4 Mitigation methods to reduce interference to road tolling . 34g37.4.0 Overview 34g37.4.1 Vacate/frequency non-use . 34g37.4.2 Transmit power control . 35g37.4.3 Duty cycle limitation 35g37.4.4 Packet by packet interoperation 35
18、g37.5 Mitigation techniques to enable coexistence of RLAN and ITS 35g37.5.0 Overview 35g37.5.1 Energy detection . 35g37.5.2 Summary of Detect and Mitigate and Detect and Vacate Simulations . 36g37.5.3 Detect and vacate 38g37.6 Summary 38g37.7 Recommendations for future work . 38g37.7.1 Overview 38g3
19、7.7.2 General 38g37.7.3 Road tolling 38g37.7.4 ITS 39g3Annex A: Duty cycle evaluations of road tolling interference 41g3A.1 Introduction to duty cycle evaluations . 41g3A.2 Results from previous investigations 42g3A.3 Evaluated scenarios 42g3A.3.1 Typical parameters for different tollgate types . 42
20、g3A.3.2 Relevant RLAN parameters . 43g3A.4 Duty cycle evaluations . 43g3A.4.1 Evaluation method 43g3A.4.1.1 Interference probability as function of the duty cycle. 43g3A.4.1.2 Influence of road traffic statistics . 45g3A.4.2 Evaluation results . 45g3A.4.2.1 MLFF tollgate . 45g3A.4.2.2 Open lane toll
21、gate . 46g3A.4.2.3 Single lane tollgate with barrier 47g3Annex B: Evaluations of the proposed ITS protection mechanisms 48g3B.1 Introduction to ITS evaluations 48g3B.2 ITS/RLAN performance analysis for a single intersection with varying topologies/device densities 48g3B.2.1 Introduction 48g3B.2.2 Si
22、mulation scenarios. 48g3B.2.3 Physical layer abstractions . 50g3B.2.4 Examples of transition period behaviour 52g3B.2.5 Summarized simulation results . 54g3B.2.6 Fixed MCS for RLAN 56g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08) 5B.2.7 Additional scenarios . 57g3B.3 Challenges in spectrum sharing between
23、ITS-G5 and RLAN 72g3B.3.1 Introduction 72g3B.3.2 Detection of ITS transmissions 72g3B.3.3 RLAN interference on ITS transmissions after detection . 72g3B.3.4 Evaluation of spectrum sharing algorithms in an indoor scenario 75g3B.4 Coexistence between ETSI ITS-G5 and Wi-Fi systems in outdoor and indoor
24、 scenarios . 80g3B.4.1 Introduction 80g3B.4.2 Evaluation scenario Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI I
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27、those trademarks in the present document does not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN). Modal verbs terminolo
28、gy In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except
29、when used in direct citation. Executive Summary The present document contains mitigation technique studies related to RLANs in the 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency ranges. These have been triggered by the EC Mandate on 5 GHz i.1 and by the activities on WRC-15 Agenda Item
30、1.1 i.49 and subsequent work at CEPT. In particular CEPT have requested clarification on what mitigation techniques RLAN systems intend to employ to protect other systems that presently operate in the 5 725 MHz to 5 925 MHz band and in adjacent bands. Some of the parameters within the present docume
31、nt are included in square brackets based upon proposals and discussions within TC BRAN, these are intended as starting points upon which to continue future work and develop technical requirements. At the time of drafting the present document the status of the various sharing and compatibility studie
32、s related to Road Tolling and ITS is as detailed in ECC Report 244 i.15 and is summarized below: Compatibility between RLAN and road tolling in the band 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz MCL calculations for both directions of interference have been performed and showed the need for significant separation dist
33、ances if compatibility is dependent upon protection to an I/N level of -6 dB. No studies have been conducted to analyse the actual effects of this I/N level being reached due to intermittent interference. ETSI ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08) 7As a result, work on mitigation techniques was initiated
34、 at ETSI BRAN which focused on the following approaches, previously suggested in ECC Report 244 i.15, to enable the coexistence between RLAN and road-tolling: Implementation in RLAN of a detection mechanism to detect road tolling applications based on energy detection. Under the assumptions consider
35、ed preliminary analysis indicated that for an RLAN system operating with 23 dBm/20 MHz a detection threshold of the order of -100 dBm/500 kHz and for a RLAN system with 23 dBm/160 MHz a detection threshold of the order of -90 dBm/500 kHz would be required for a reliable detection of road tolling. Fu
36、rther consideration is required, including on the feasibility of such a detection threshold and its impact on the RLAN operation. Transmission from the road tolling applications of predefined signals (beacons) which indicate that the used channels are busy, similar to one of the mitigation technique
37、s used to facilitate ITS and Road Tolling adjacent channel coexistence. Ensure coexistence with the road tolling systems through the detection of ITS. This is based on the assumption that there will always be ITS systems in the close vicinity of road-tolling road-side units. Under this approach, onc
38、e ITS have been detected by RLAN under the conditions described in clause 2 of ECC Report 244 i.15, the road tolling frequency band 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz will also be considered as occupied and thus, not available for RLAN use. Use of geo-location database approach. The geo-location database should
39、 hold actual information from static and, due to construction sites, temporary tolling installations. The implementation of such a platform, its access and its maintenance should be addressed. In addition, the role and responsibilities of the stakeholders have to be clearly defined. Compatibility be
40、tween RLAN and ITS in the bands 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz (non-safety ITS), 5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz (safety-related ITS) and 5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz (ITS extension band) Compatibility considered in the present document includes Wi-Fi and ITS technology as defined in ETSI EN 302 663 i.3. LTE-V2X and LAA t
41、echnologies as defined in ETSI TS 136 211 i.10, ETSI TS 136 101 i.11 and ETSI TS 136 104 i.12 are not part of the present document. MCL calculations for both directions of interference have been performed and showed the need for significant separation distances if compatibility is dependent upon pro
42、tection to an I/N level of -6 dB. No studies have been conducted to analyse the actual effects of this I/N level being reached due to intermittent interference. As a result, work on mitigation techniques was initiated at ETSI BRAN to help improve the compatibility between individual RLAN devices and
43、 ITS. These studies have focussed on “listen-before-talk“ processes, where the potential interferer tries to detect whether a channel is busy before transmitting a data packet. Two possible approaches that have been suggested in ECC Report 244 i.15 are: Generic Energy Detection without any considera
44、tion of the interferer and victim signal frames: Under the assumptions considered, preliminary studies show that in the case of an energy detection threshold of -90 dBm/10 MHz for an RLAN system operating with 23 dBm/20 MHz, an ITS device with 23 dBm/20 MHz is not reliably detected. Further consider
45、ation is required, including on the feasibility of such a detection threshold and its impact on the RLAN operation. Combination of energy detection and carrier sensing, such as one of the Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) modes defined in the IEEE Std. 802.11-2016 i.2. Further study is required to asse
46、ss the applicability to ITS of the interference avoidance techniques currently employed in 5 GHz RLAN systems. Introduction The present document studies the feasibility and impact on RLAN operation with regards to proposed mitigation techniques to enable sharing with Road Tolling and Transport equip
47、ment within the 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency ranges. The report proposes and evaluates mitigation techniques based upon simulation and analytical investigation. Some of the parameters within the present document are included in square brackets based upon proposals and
48、discussions within TC BRAN, these are intended as starting points upon which to continue future work and develop technical requirements. Recommendations for future work are included in clause 7.7. ETSI ETSI TR 103 319 V1.1.1 (2017-08) 81 Scope The present document contains mitigation technique studi
49、es related to RLAN operation in the 5 795 MHz to 5 815 MHz and 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency ranges. These have been triggered by the EC Mandate on 5 GHz i.1 and by the activities on WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.1 i.49 and subsequent work at CEPT. Mitigation techniques between RLAN and the following equipment are considered in the present document: Road tolling in the bands 5 795 MHz to 5 805 MHz and 5 805 MHz to 5 815 MHz. Traffic safety-related applications in the band 5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz. Possible Future extension of ITS spectrum i
