1、 ETSI TR 103 416 V1.1.1 (2016-07) System Reference document (SRdoc); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Technical characteristics and spectrum requirements for UWB based vehicular access systems for operation in the 3,4 GHz to 4,8 GHz and 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz frequency ranges TECHNIC
2、AL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 416 V1.1.1 (2016-07) 2 Reference DTR/ERM-558 Keywords access control, radio, SRDoc, UWB ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enr
3、egistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present d
4、ocument shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive w
5、ithin ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https:/portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the pr
6、esent document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https:/portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as author
7、ized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUG
8、TESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Associati
9、on. ETSI ETSI TR 103 416 V1.1.1 (2016-07) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verbs terminology 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 7g32 References 7g32.1 Normative references 7g32.2 Informative references . 7g33 Definitions and abbreviations . 8g33.1 Definitions . 8g33.2 Abbreviat
10、ions 8g34 Comments on the System Reference document . 9g35 Presentation of the system or technology . 9g35.1 Background information: Vehicular Access Functionalities . 9g35.2 Vehicular access systems using UWB. 10g35.2.1 Introduction 10g35.2.2 Category A: Triggered UWB transmission for proximity ver
11、ification 10g35.2.2.1 Introduction 10g35.2.2.2 System requirements (UWB) . 11g35.2.2.3 Technical description . 12g35.2.2.4 Mitigation factors . 12g35.2.3 Category B: Triggered UWB transmission for proximity monitoring . 13g35.2.3.1 Introduction 13g35.2.3.2 System requirements (UWB) . 14g35.2.3.3 Tec
12、hnical description . 14g35.2.3.4 Mitigation factors . 15g35.2.4 Category C: Periodic UWB beacons for proximity detection 16g35.2.4.1 Introduction 16g35.2.4.2 System requirements (UWB) . 16g35.2.4.3 Technical description . 17g35.2.4.4 Mitigation factors . 17g36 Market information. 17g37 Technical inf
13、ormation 17g37.0 General 17g37.1 Differences in the assumptions for compatibility studies 17g38 Radio spectrum request and justification . 18g38.1 Technical justification . 18g38.2 Business importance 19g39 Regulations . 19g39.1 Proposed changes in the regulation . 19g39.2 Expected ECC and ETSI acti
14、ons . 19g3Annex A: Market information 21g3A.1 Market size and value . 21g3A.1.1 Introduction . 21g3A.1.2 Market potential 21g3Annex B: Technical information 22g3B.1 Technical description . 22g3B.1.1 Usage Profile, Activity Factor . 22g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 416 V1.1.1 (2016-07) 4 B.1.1.1 Category A: Syst
15、ems using triggered UWB transmission for proximity verification 22g3B.1.1.2 Category B: Systems using triggered UWB transmission for proximity monitoring. 22g3B.1.1.2.1 Calculation 1 Comfort Open/Close, Remote (Control) Parking . 22g3B.1.1.2.2 Calculation 2 Leaving vehicle 23g3B.1.1.3 Category C: Sy
16、stems using periodic UWB beacons for proximity detection 23g3B.1.2 Worst case considerations . 23g3B.1.2.1 Category A . 23g3B.1.2.1.1 Activity factor with max. Ton and typical usage profile 23g3B.1.2.1.2 Long-term duty-cycle vs. worst-case usage . 23g3B.1.2.2 Category B . 24g3B.1.2.2.1 Activity fact
17、or with max. Ton and typical usage profile 24g3B.1.2.2.2 Long-term duty-cycle vs. worst-case usage . 24g3B.1.2.3 Category C . 24g3B.2 Technical justification for spectrum . 24g3B.2.1 Introduction . 24g3B.2.2 Link budget . 25g3B.2.2.1 Path loss and range requirements . 25g3B.2.2.2 System budget with
18、exterior limits (Mean PSD -53,3 dBm/MHz) . 26g3B.2.2.3 Antenna Design for Exterior Limits 26g3B.2.2.4 Conclusion for systems complying with exterior limit 28g3B.2.2.5 System budget without exterior limits (Mean PSD -41,3 dBm/MHz) 28g3Annex C: Relation to existing spectrum regulation 29g3C.1 Relation
19、 the existing studies . 29g3C.1.1 Introduction . 29g3C.1.2 Radio-Altimeters . 29g3History 31g3ETSI ETSI TR 103 416 V1.1.1 (2016-07) 5 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essen
20、tial IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates
21、 are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server)
22、 which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“, “may“, “n
23、eed not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction The present docum
24、ent includes necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT). Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technologies enable security-critical vehicular access c
25、ontrol applications. The deployment of UWB in the modern automobile will significantly enhance the security of existing Passive Keyless Entry and Start Systems (PKES), also known as Keyless-Go and/or PASE (PAssive Start and Entry). PKES systems represent the state-of-the-art technology for vehicle a
26、ccess and security systems on its long-term evolution from mechanical locks to electronic access systems and beyond. Highly convenient, the system allows car owners to open and start their vehicle by smart detection of the presence of the key in proximity of the car (less than 2 meters) and also ins
27、ide the car. The system typically operates when pulling the door handle to open or pushing a START button to start the engine. UWB technology for PKES In order to further enhance the security of PKES systems (and access systems in general), UWB technology plays an important role with respect to prox
28、imity detection. More precisely, UWB-based PKES will prevent a number of attacks on current PKES systems - namely the so-called “relay attack“ - by measuring the true time-of-flight distance between the car and the key and therefore make the cars significantly more secure and safer, without reducing
29、 the availability of the access or start function (due to false alarms). UWB technology enables low-power, precise and secure time-of-flight (ToF) distance measurement between the key fob and the car in order to make a bullet-proof secure open and engine start. Unlike other technologies for distance
30、 measurement, UWB can provide a high precision even under Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) conditions, which gives this technique a unique advantage if high reliability is required. Therefore, UWB is appropriate for highest security, system intelligence and convenience. For car owners, UWB technology brings
31、 the highest security and safe operation for a car access system. For automakers, UWB technology enables the highest security grade compliant with existing and future regulations. ETSI ETSI TR 103 416 V1.1.1 (2016-07) 6 Beyond the core access functionality, UWB will support the automakers effort tow
32、ards smart cars where centimetre-precise location of the keyfob around and in the car enables new services. The present document has been created by ERM TGUWB. ETSI ETSI TR 103 416 V1.1.1 (2016-07) 7 1 Scope The present document provides information on the use of UWB technology in vehicular access c
33、ontrol applications, the technical parameters, the relation to the existing spectrum regulation and additional new radio spectrum requirements for UWB equipment for the operation in vehicular access control applications in the band below 10 GHz. The applications can be divided in 3 different categor
34、ies: Category A: Vehicular access systems using triggered UWB transmission for proximity verification Category B: Extended vehicular access systems using triggered UWB transmission for proximity monitoring Category C: Vehicular access systems using periodic UWB beacons for proximity detection The pr
35、esent document includes necessary information to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT), including: Detailed market information (annex A). Technical information (annex B)
36、. Relation to existing spectrum regulation (annex C). 2 References 2.1 Normative references As informative publications shall not contain normative references this clause shall remain empty. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition n
37、umber or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication,
38、ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ECC Report 170, Tallinn, October, 2011: “Specific UWB applications in the bands 3.4
39、- 4.8 GHz and 6 - 8.5 GHz Location tracking Applications for Emergency Services (LAES), Location Tracking applications type 2 (LT2) and location tracking and sensor applications for automotive and transportation environments (LTA)“. i.2 ETSI EN 302 065-1 (V2.1.0) (2016-04): “Short Range Devices (SRD
40、) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 1: Requirements for Generic UWB applications“. i.3 ETSI EN 302 065-3 (V2.1.0) (2016-04): “Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB
41、); Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 3: Requirements for UWB devices for ground based vehicular applications“. ETSI ETSI TR 103 416 V1.1.1 (2016-07) 8 i.4 Commission Decision 2009/343/EC of 21 April 2009 amending Decision 2007/13
42、1/EC on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner in the Community. i.5 Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner
43、 in the Community. i.6 ECC/DEC/(06)04: “UWB technology in bands below 10.6 GHz“. i.7 IEEE P802.15-08-0576-00-0006, H. Sawada: “Channel Models between body surface and wireless access point for UWB Band“. i.8 Zhang et. al.: “UWB Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks“, March 2009. i.9 D. Pozar: “Direct
44、ivity of omnidirectional antennas“, Article in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine vol.35(5), pages 50 - 51 November 1993. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: activity factor: reflects the effective t
45、ransmission time ratio range resolution: ability to resolve two targets at different ranges 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: CAN Controller Area Network CEPT Conference Europeenne des Administrations de Postes et des Telecommunications dB
46、m deciBel relative to 1 mW DC Duty Cycle ECC Electronic Communications Committee EIRP, e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power EN European Norm ERM Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters HPBW Half Power Beam Width ID Identification Device LDC Low Duty CycleLF Low-Frequency
47、 LOS Line Of SightLTA Location and Tracking Applications NLOS Non-Line-Of-SightPASE PAssive Start and Entry PKE Passive Keyless Entry PKES Passive Keyless Entry and Start PSD Power Spectral Density RF Radio Frequency RSSI Receive Signal Strength Indication RX Receiver SRD Short Range Device TGUWB Ta
48、sk Group Ultra-wide Band ToF Time-of-Flight Ton Transmitter on time TPC Transmit Power Control ETSI ETSI TR 103 416 V1.1.1 (2016-07) 9 TRX Transceiver TX Transmitter UWB Ultra Wide Band 4 Comments on the System Reference document Void. 5 Presentation of the system or technology 5.1 Background inform
49、ation: Vehicular Access Functionalities Todays vehicular access systems appear with different embodiments and functionality: The classic Passive Access System is triggered by the user pulling the door handle. The car starts the communication and sends a message to wake up the key - typically Low-Frequency (LF) signals (e.g. at 20 kHz or 125 kHz) are used for that. The received LF field strength (RSSI) at the key is also used to locate the key inside or outside the vehicle. The key response is typically transmitted via RF (e.g. 434 MHz) and
