1、 ETSI TR 103 541 V1.1.1 (2018-05) Environmental Engineering (EE); Best practice to assess energy performance of future Radio Access Network (RAN) deployment TECHNICAL REPORT ETSI ETSI TR 103 541 V1.1.1 (2018-05) 2Reference DTR/EE-EEPS20 Keywords 5G, access, base station, energy efficiency, GSM, LTE,
2、 LTE-Advanced, mobile, network, NR, radio, site engineering, UMTS ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/8
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8、mbers. 3GPPTM and LTETMare trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. GSMand the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TR 103 541 V1.1.1 (2018-
9、05) 3Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verbs terminology 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 7g32 References 7g32.1 Normative references . 7g32.2 Informative references 7g33 Abbreviations . 9g34 Assessment of Energy Performance of future RAN . 10g34.1 Assessment steps 10g34.2 Previ
10、ous work: Tools, papers Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https:/ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR
11、 searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Trademarks The present document may include trademark
12、s and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners. ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document d
13、oes not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “should“, “should not“,
14、 “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction Energy
15、efficiency is one of the critical factors with substantial impact on environmental footprint and operational cost of the modern telecommunication systems. By 2016, ICT energy consumption is estimated to 7,8 % of Global Electricity and 4,4 % of Global total Energy Consumption. The mobile systems ener
16、gy consumption is estimated to 1,8 % of the global electricity, equals 1 % of Global Total Energy Consumption. With introduction of new mobile system technologies to support the rapid traffic growth, while low efficiency legacy system still remains, the energy consumption may further increase. The i
17、ncreased energy consumption is a threat to the environment as well as the profitability of the industry as operator revenues may remain flat. The mobile industry is working hard to increase efficiency and reduce energy consumption of current and future RAN with focus on strategies to modernize RAN w
18、ith new RATs while reduce the total energy consumption of the RAN. Operators and vendors are running parallel studies on energy consumption of the future RAN, elaborating on different energy saving strategies. However, results are very different with low accuracy as methods are quite diverse with li
19、mited standard support for metrics and methods. The aim of the present document is to collect best practices on future RAN energy performance assessment, list KPIs from available standards and define additional KPIs needed for a relevant assessment of future RAN deployment. As RAN consumes 80 % of m
20、obile systems energy consumption, the present document is focusing on RAN site and equipment, including Backhaul. Depending on technology, it is often referred to as BTS, NodeB, eNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS. Core and service networks are not considered. The power consumptio
21、n of Radio Network Control nodes (RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 i.35. ETSI ETSI TR 103 541 V1.1.1 (2018-05) 6The measurements in testing laboratories of the efficiency of the Base Stations is the topic treated in ETSI ES 202 706 i.18. Field measurement energy performance is defined in E
22、TSI ES 203 228 i.19. Energy metrics of those standards are preferred. ETSI ETSI TR 103 541 V1.1.1 (2018-05) 71 Scope The aim of the present document is to find and describe methods and best practice to assess energy performance (Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency) of a future RAN deployment. T
23、he results documented will include a summary of previous work, a collection of important preconditions as traffic aspects (growth, new traffic classes, potential disruption), collection of energy efficiency/saving solutions and strategies and energy issues in current networks. Network energy perform
24、ance assessment method examples based on set of scenarios including different solutions. The assessment period is at least until 2020, optionally also including 5G impact. Energy consumption and efficiency definitions from ETSI ES 202 706 i.18 and ETSI ES 203 228 i.19 are preferred. 2 References 2.1
25、 Normative references Normative references are not applicable in the present document. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For n
26、on-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for
27、 the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 CISCO: “VNI Index“. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.2 CISCO: “VNIGlobal Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update 2016-2021 White Paper“. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.3 CISCO: “VNIcomplete forecast“.
28、 NOTE: Available at http:/ i.4 Nokia: “GWATTGlobal What if Analyzer of neTwork energy consumpTion“, Green TouchProject, 2015. NOTE: Available at http:/alu-greentouch- i.5 Ericsson: “Traffic Exploration tool“. NOTE: Available at http:/ i.6 Ericsson: “Mobility report“ Ericsson, Stockholm, 2016. i.7 “I
29、CT EARTHEU“ May 2013. i.8 “EARTHPublications“ May 2013. NOTE: Available https:/cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/94414_en.html. ETSI ETSI TR 103 541 V1.1.1 (2018-05) 8i.9 Ki Won Sung, Jens Zanderand R. Sibel Tombaz: “On metrics and models for energy-efficient design of wireless access networks“, IEEE Wir
30、eless Communications Letters, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 649-652, 2014. i.10 T. W. Slavisa Aleksic: “Holistic view on green network technologies: Wireless Access, wired core, data centers and end-user devices,“ in 5Green Summer School, Stockholm, 2014. i.11 “SMARTer2030ICT solutions for 21st Century Challen
31、ges“ GeSi, 2015. i.12 HuaweiTechnologies Sweden, Anders S.G. Andrae, Tomas Edler: “On Global Electricity Usage of Communication Technology: Trends to 2030“, Challenges, vol. 6, pp. 117-157, 30 April 2015. NOTE: Available http:/ i.13 Ericsson, Dr Pl Fenger: “From always on to always available. Energy
32、 Saving possibilities and potential“ in 5Green Summer school, Stockholm, 2014. NOTE: Available http:/wireless.kth.se/5green/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2014/08/2014-08-27-P%C3%A5l-Frenger-5green-summer-school-Part-1-From-always-on-to-always-available-final.pdf. i.14 Ericsson, Dr Pl Frenger: “From al
33、ways available to always optimized,“ in 5Green Summer School, Stockholm, 2014. NOTE: Available at http:/wireless.kth.se/5green/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2014/08/2014-08-27-P%C3%A5l-Frenger-5green-summer-school-Part-2-From-always-available-to-always-optimized-final.pdf i.15 Deutche Telecom, Christo
34、ph Lange, Dirk Kosiankowski, Rainer Weidmann and Andreas Gladisch: “Energy Consumption of Telecommunication Networks and Related Improvement Options“, vol. 17, pp. 285-295, April 2011. i.16 IEEE paper WCNC14 track 3: “Assessment of the Energy Efficiency Enhancement of Future Mobile Networks,“ TNO, D
35、elft University of Technology, Remco Litjens, Yohan Toh and Haibin Zhang:, Mobile and wireless networks, Istanbul, 2014. i.17 IEEE communications Magazine Ericsson:“The global footprint of mobile communications: The ecological and economic perspective“ TUD, Albrecht Fehske Gerhard Fettweis, Jens Mal
36、modin and Grgely Biczok, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 55-62, 11 August 2011. i.18 ETSI ES 202 706: “Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for power consumption and energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment“. i.19 ETSI ES 203 228: “Environmental Engineering (EE); Assessment of mobile
37、 network energy efficiency“. i.20 Recommendation ITU-T L.1310: “Energy efficiency metrics and measurement methods for telecommunication equipment“. i.21 IEEE Wireless Communications: “How much energy is needed to run a wireless network?“. NOTE: Available at https:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/605669
38、1/. i.22 GreenTouch White Paper: “Green Meter Research Study“. NOTE: Available at https:/s3-us-west- i.23 Energy Performance Evaluation Revisited: “Methodology, Models and Results“. NOTE: Available at https:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7763182/. i.24 A case study on estimating future radio network
39、energy consumption and CO2 emissions“. NOTE: Available at https:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6707825/. i.25 ETSI ES 202 706-1: “Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and measurement method for Energy Efficiency of wireless access network equipment; Part 1: Power Consumption - Static Measurement M
40、ethod“. ETSI ETSI TR 103 541 V1.1.1 (2018-05) 9i.26 ETSI TS 136 300 (V14.2.0): “LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (ETSI TS 36.300 version 14.2.0 Release 14)“. i.27 ETSI TS 134 121: “
41、Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Radio transmission and reception (FDD); Part 1: Conformance specification (3GPP TS 34.121-1)“. i.28 ETSI TS 136 104 (V11.2.0): “LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station (BS
42、) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104 V11.2.0 Release 11)“. i.29 ETSI TR 136 913 (V14.0.0): “LTE; Requirements for further advancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) (LTE-Advanced) (3GPP TR 36.913 version 14.0.0 Release 14)“. i.30 Draft New Report ITU-R M (IMT-
43、2020.TECH PERF REQ) (5G NR). i.31 ETSI TS 145 005 (V8.0.0): “Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 45.005 version 8.8.0 Release 8)“. i.32 Yuehong Gao, Xin Zhang, Yuming Jiang and Jeong-woo Cho: “System Spectral Efficiency and Stability of 3G
44、 Networks: A Comparative Study“. Wireless Theories and Technologies (WT Centre for Quantifiable Quality of Service in Communication Systems (Q2S) Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. NOTE: Available at https:/people.kth.se/jwcho/data/icc2009study3g.pdf. i
45、.33 IMEC BS Energy consumption model - online. NOTE: Available at https:/www.imec- i.34 Micallef, G. (2013): “Energy Efficient Evolution of Mobile Broadband Networks“, Department of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University. NOTE: Available at http:/vbn.aau.dk/files/77916735/Gilbert_Micallef_PhD_Thesis
46、_Final_2_.pdf. i.35 ETSI ES 201 554: “Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for Energy efficiency of Mobile Core network and Radio Access Control equipment“. 3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AC Alternating Current AirCon Air Co
47、ndition BS Base Station CA Carrier Aggregation cf cooling factor CC Common Channels COP Coefficient Of Performance. NOTE: Efficiency KPI for climate equipment. DBS Distributed Base Station DC Direct Current DL DownLinkEC Energy Consumption EU European Union FD-MIMO Full Dimension MIMO FP7 UE Frame Program 7 GHG Green House Gas GSM Global System for Mobile communication ETSI ETSI TR 103 541 V1.1.1 (2018-05) 10GWATTGlobal What NOTE: If Analyser of network energy consumption. ICT Information and Communication Te
