1、STD-ETSI TS LOO 718-ENGL 1999 3400855 0383958 5BB = TS 1 O0 71 8 1.1.1 (1999-01) Technical Specification Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Avalanche Beacons; Transm itter-receiver systems STD-ETSI TS LOO 7L-ENGL 1799 = 3400855 0383959 414 m TS 100 718 V1.l.l (1999-01) 2
2、 Reference RTS/ERM-O13 (6ncOOicr.PDF) Keywords radio, safety, SAR, testing ETSI Postal address F-O6921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Office address 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis Valbonne - FRANCE Siret N“ 348 623 562 O0017 - NAF 742 C Association a but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-R
3、facture de Grasse (06) No 7803/88 Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Internet secretariat etsi.fr Individual copies of this ETSI deliverable can be downloaded from http:/www.etsi.org If you find errors in the present document, send your comment to: editorQetsi.fr Copyright Notification N
4、o part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. Q European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1999. Ail rights reserved. ETSI . STDmETSI TS 100 718-ENGL 1999 = 3400855 03839b0 13b I 3 TS 1 O0 71
5、 8 V1.l.l (1 99941) Contents Intellectual Property Rights 6 Foreword 6 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 References 7 3 Definitions, abbreviations and symbols . 7 3.1 Definitions . 7 3.2 Abbreviations . 8 4 General . 8 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing . 8 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 8 4
6、.2.1 General . 8 4.2.2 Controls and indicators . 9 4.2.3 Switching over from transmit to receive . 9 Battery type 9 4.2.4 4.2.5 Operating time 9 4.2.6 Battery check 9 4.2.7 Carrying system 9 4.2.8 4.2.9 Operating instructions 10 4.2.10 4.3 Interpretation of the measurement results 10 5 5.1 Nod and e
7、xtreme test conditions . 10 5.2 External test power source . 11 5.3 Normal test conditions . 11 5.3.1 Normal tempera ture and humidity 11 5.3.2 Nod test voltage 11 5.4 Extreme test conditions 11 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 11 5.4.2 Extreme test voltages 11 5.4.3 5.4.3.1 6 General conditions . 12 6.
8、1 Normal test signais . 12 6.2 Test fixture . 12 6.3 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements 12 6.4 Measuring receiver 12 3.3 Symbols . 8 Frequencies and power . 9 Equipment identification and short form operating instruction 10 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temper
9、atures 10 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 11 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation 12 7 7.1 7.2 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.4 7.4.1 Environmental tests 13 Procedure . 13 Drop test on hard surface . 13 Definition . 13 Method of measurement . 13 Temperature
10、tests . 13 General . 13 Dry heat cycle . 13 Low temperature cycle . 14 Immersion test 14 Method of measurement . 14 E TSI 4 TS 100 718 V1.1.1 (199941) 7.4.2 Requirements 14 7.5 Solar radiation 14 7.5.1 Method of measurement . 14 7.5.2 Requirements 14 7.6 Tensile test . 14 7.6.1 Method of measurement
11、 . 14 7.6.2 Requirements 14 8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 15 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.2.1 8.4.2.2 8.4.3 8.4.3.1 8.4.3.2 Modulation and carrier keying . 15 Frequency enuf 15 Definition . 15 Method of measurement . 15 Limits
12、 . 15 Output field strength (H-field) . 16 Definition . 16 Method of measurement . 16 Limits . 16 Spurious emissions . 16 Dehition . 16 H-field strength 17 Method of measurement (e 30 MHz) . 17 Limits 17 Effective radiated power 17 Method of measurement (2 30 MHz) . 17 Limits 18 9 9.1 Receiver sensi
13、tivity 18 9.1.1 Definition . 18 9.1.2 Method of measurement . 19 9.2 Changes in the received signal . 19 9.2.1 Definition . 19 9.2.2 Requirement . 19 10 Measurement uncertainty . 20 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements 21 A . 1 A.l.l A.l.l.l A.1.2 Test antenna . 22 A . 1.2.1 Below 30 MHz . 22
14、A.1.2.2 Above 30 MHz . 22 A.1.3 Substitution antenna . 22 A.1.4 Optional additional indoor site . 23 A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 24 A.2.1 Measuring distance 24 A.2.2 Test antenna . 24 A.2.3 Substitution antenna . 24 A.2.4 Artificial antenna . 24 A.2.5 Auxiliary cables . 24 A.3
15、Further optional alternative indoor test site using an anechoic chamber . 24 A.3.1 A.3.2 A.3.3 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters 18 9.1.3 Limits . 19 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields 21 Test support for body worn equipm
16、ent . 21 A.1.1.2 Standard position 21 Outdoor test site . 21 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber 25 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 25 Calibration of the shielded Rp anechoic chamber 25 ETSI STD-ETSI TS LOO 7L-ENGL 1999 3400855 03839b2 TO9 m 5 TS 100
17、718 V1.l.l (1999-01) Annex B (normative): Annex C (normative): Spurious limits, H-field at 10 m distances . 28 Simulated solar radiation source . 29 Annex D (informative): E-fields in the near field at low frequencies 30 History 32 E TSI 6 TS 100 718 V1.l.l (199941) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs
18、 essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in SR O00 314: iTntellectua1 Property Rights (ZPRs); Essential, orpotential
19、ly Essential, ZPRs notified to ETSZ in respect of ETSZ standards“, which is available free of charge from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/www.etsi.org/ipr). purniant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried ou
20、t by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR O00 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
21、 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters 0. The present document corrects a technical error that was identified in ETS 300 718 (1997). The requkernent for the maximum weight of the apparatus (subclause 4.2.1) has been deleted. It is intended that this TS should be used as a basis fo
22、r a future revision of ETS 300 718 (1997). I n t rod uct i o n There are currently two frequency allocations for the radio location of avalanche victims: - 2275Hz;and - 457kHz. It is expected that the allocation at 2 275 Hz will be removed after a tramition penod. The present document therefore cove
23、rs duai-frequency equipment and equipment intended to operate on 457 ICHZ only. It is the purpose of the present document to ensure the practical interoperability and reliability of products from different manufacturers. ETSI 7 TS 100 718 V1.l.l (1999-01) 1 Scope The present document covers requirem
24、ents for avalanche beacons. Avalanche beacons are radio location systems used for searching for andor ndiug avalanche victims, for the purpose of direct rescue. These systems comprise a transmitter as well as a receiver part. The present document distinguishes between two types of beacons: - type i:
25、 single frequency beacons (457 a); - type 2: double frequency beacons (2 275 Hz and 457 a) temporary type, compatible to beacons with frequency 2 275 Hz. 2 Ref e rences The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present doment. Refe
26、rences are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. 0 For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. 0 A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to r
27、efer to later versions published as an EN with the same number. Il ETR 028: “Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics“. CISPR 16-1: “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio di
28、sturbance and immunity measuring apparatus“. Pl 31 Radio Regulations (1 994). 3 Definitions, abbreviations and symbols 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following tem and definitions apply: artificial antenna: a tuned reduced-radiating dummy load equal to the nominal impe
29、dance specified by the applicant. conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct connection to the equipment under test. E-field: the electric component of the field measured as voltage per Unit length. H-field: the magnetic component of the field measured as current per Unit len
30、gth. H-field test antenna: an electrically screened loop or equivalent antenna, with which the magnetic component of the field can be measured. identification system: equipment consisting of a transmitter(s), receiver) (or a combination of the two) and an antenna(e) to identify a transponder. ETSI 8
31、 TS i 00 71 a vi .i .i (i 999-01 integral antenna: an antenna designed as an indispensable part of the equipment, with or without the use of an antenna connector. portable station: equipment intended to be carried. radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radia
32、ted field. S/N ratio: the ratio, expressed in decibels, between the wanted signal and the noise floor. type 1: an avalanche beacon intended to operate on 457 kHz only. type 2: an avalanche beacon intended to operate on both 2 275 Hz and 457 kHz 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present docum
33、ent, the foilowing abbreviation applies: RF Radio Prequency 3.3 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: AIA E Eo f H Ho N P R Ro t 2 ?L Class of emission (Radio Regulations 3, Article 4, Regulations 270-273) Electrical field strength Reference electrical field
34、strength, (see annex A) Frequency Magnetic field strength Reference magnetic field strength, (see annex.A) Newton Power Distance Reference distance, (see annex A) Time Wave impedance Wavelengh (see annex A) 4 General 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing Each equipment submitted for conformance
35、testhg shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is intended to operate. The applicant shall supply all relevant ancillary equipment needed for testing. The applicant should also supply an operating manuai for the device(s). 4.2 Mechanical and electrical
36、design 4.2.1 General The equipment shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good engineeMg practice, and with the aim of minimizig harmful interference to other equipment and services. Transmitter and receiver shall be combined in one unit and be capable of being attached t
37、o the users clothing. ETSI STD-ETSI TS LOO 7LB-ENGL L999 II 3400855 0383966 654 9 TS 100 718 V1.1.1 (1999-01) The equipment shall be portable and capable of being used for rescue operations, caused by avalanche, between persons that are in snowy, arctic areas or in similar areas. The equipment shall
38、 in one unit comprise at least: - - - an transmitter/receiver including antenna and battery; a control unit including an odoff switch; and an internal loudspeaker andor earphone. 4.2.2 Controls and indicators The equipment shall have the following controls: - odoff switch for the equipment with avid
39、 indication that the equipment is switched on; - an audio-frequency power volume control; - a sensitivity control; and - battery indicator. 4.2.3 Switching over from transmit to receive The equipment shall permit reliable and fast switchover from transmit to the receive mode, without danger of unint
40、entionally tuming off the device. The transmit mode shall include a safety feature against involuntary turn off. 4.2.4 Battery type The equipment shall use a Widely obtained battery type. 4.2.5 Operating time The equipment equipped with a new set of batteries recommended by the manufacturer shall be
41、 capable to operate for a minimum of 200 hours of continuous transmission during nod temperature conditions, see subclause 5.3.1. 4.2.6 Battery check The equipment shali include a batteq check feature. 4.2.7 Carrying system The equipment shall include a carrying system that gives the possibility for
42、 easy opemtion and safety placing. The carrying system can be apart of the equipment or an accessory device. The carrying system shall have a joint tensile strength of at least 50 N. 4.2.8 Frequencies and power The equipment shall operate on the following nominal frequencies in the transmit as well
43、as in the receive mode: - typel: f=457kHz; - type 2: f = 2 275 Hz and f =457wZ. After switch on the equipment shall be operational within 5 seconds. ETSI STDOETSI TS LOD 7LB-ENGL L999 3400855 0383967 590 10 TS 100 718 V1.l.l (1999-01) 4.2.9 Operating instructions Operating instructions shall be deli
44、vered with every equipment. They shall cover the following subjects: a) a statement on avalanche danger; b) instruction for checking the battery, transmitter and receiver performance and range; c) instructions for turning on the transmitter and strapping the beacon to the body; d) instructions for c
45、hanging to the receive mode and the search strategy (coarse search and fine search); e) instructions for changing back to the transmit mode, in particular in the case of secondary avalanche; f) a statement on the temperature sensitivity of essential parts; g) a statement on the battery lifethe; h) d
46、evice-specific measures on a tour. 4.2.1 O Equipment identification and short form operating instruction The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible, tamper-proof and durable. The marking shall include: - - the type designation. the name of the manufacturer or his
47、 trade mark A short fom of the operating instructions shall be printed onto the case. The printing shall be clearly visible and abrasion proof. Also, the proper positioning of the batteries shall be indicated. 4.3 Interpretation of the measurement results The interpretation of the results recorded i
48、n the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present document shall be as follows: - the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the requirements of the present document; the measurement uncertainty value for the mea
49、surement of each parameter shall be separately included in the test report; the recorded value of the measurement uncertainly shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lower than the figures in the table of measurement uncertainty in clause 10. - - 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient tem peratu res 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions Type testing shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions. The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in subclauses 5.2 to 5.4. ETSI STD.ETS1 TS 100 718-ENGL 199
