1、 ETSI TS 102 578 V1.2.1 (2008-08)Technical Specification PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT);Coexistence between PLT Modemsand Short Wave Radio broadcasting servicesfloppy3 ETSI ETSI TS 102 578 V1.2.1 (2008-08) 2 Reference DTS/PLT-00021 Keywords EMC, powerline, radio ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-069
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6、oing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI
7、registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. ETSI ETSI TS 102 578 V1.2.1 (2008-08) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights4 Foreword.4 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 References 5 2.1 Normative references .5 2.2 Informative references6 3 Definitions and abbreviations
8、.6 3.1 Definitions6 3.2 Abbreviations .6 4 Detection of the presence of radio broadcasting signals 7 4.1 Noise Floor.8 4.2 Levels and Thresholds8 4.3 Timings 9 4.4 Frequencies.9 5 Notching the transmitted signals 10 6 Verification of the implementations to the standard 11 6.1 Measurement apparatus11
9、 6.2 Settings on Spectrum Analyzer 13 6.3 Artificial Signal Ingress13 6.4 Levels and thresholds at verification-bench .13 6.4.1 Level of signal ingress 13 6.4.2 Level of notch bottom.13 6.5 Test procedure13 Annex A (normative): Test signals .15 History 16 ETSI ETSI TS 102 578 V1.2.1 (2008-08) 4 Inte
10、llectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rig
11、hts (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including I
12、PR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been
13、 produced by ETSI Technical Committee Powerline Telecommunications (PLT). Throughout the present document the term “broadcasting services“ refers to “short wave radio broadcasting services“. Introduction State of the art PowerLine Telecommunications (PLT) may cause coexistence limitations with broad
14、casting services. It is intended that PLT Modems compliant with the present document will provide less interference or greater orthogonality between broadcasting services and PLT Modems. Requirements for the present document are: optimum reduction of interference between PLT and short wave radio bro
15、adcast; minimum impact on data throughput and QoS requirements of PLT. The presence of broadcasting signals must be detected by PLT Modems by sensing the “noise“ (including radio broadcast picked up on the mains cabling) at an electrical socket. Frequencies where short wave Radio broadcasting signal
16、s are identified must be omitted from the transmitted signal by inserting a notch into the transmitting spectrum. This automatic process is called “Smart Notching“. ETSI ETSI TS 102 578 V1.2.1 (2008-08) 5 1 Scope The present document specifies a mechanism for PLT modems to avoid possible coexistence
17、 difficulties between PLT and Short Wave radio broadcast. Frequency allocation of the radio broadcasting services are defined by ITU-R Radio Regulations 1. The mechanism described here is called “smart notching“ whereby the PLT-spectrum mask is adjusted to avoid the use of frequencies which are foun
18、d to be coincident with receivable broadcast signals. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-specific reference may be made only to a com
19、plete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly availa
20、ble in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably, the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Fur
21、thermore, the reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper case and lower case letters. NOTE: While any hy
22、perlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
23、non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. 1 ITU Radio Regulations, edition of 2004. 2 ETSI ES 201 980 (V2.2.1): “Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM); System Specification“. 3 ITU-R Recommendation 560-3: “Radio-frequency protection ratios in L
24、F, MF and HF broadcasting“. 4 ITU-R Recommendation BS.1615: “Planning parameters“ for digital sound broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz“. 5 ITU-R Recommendation BS.703: “Characteristics of AM sound broadcasting reference receivers for planning purposes“. 6 CISPR 16-1-1: “Specification for radio
25、 disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus“. ETSI ETSI TS 102 578 V1.2.1 (2008-08) 6 7 CISPR 16-1-2: “Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-2: Radio
26、 disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Ancillary equipment - Conducted disturbances“. 8 CISPR 22: “Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement“. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to th
27、e use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the pres
28、ent document, the following terms and definitions apply: acceptable reception of radio service: human could understand what a speaking voice is trying to say Class A device: PLT device as defined in CISPR 22 8 Class B device: PLT device as defined in CISPR 22 8 live: live contact (also known as phas
29、e, hot or active) carries alternating current from the power source to the equipment measurement bandwidth: bandwidth used to specify limits and thresholds NOTE: The resolution bandwidth a PLT modem uses to derive any signal level is implementation dependent. To compare the derived levels with the v
30、alues given in this specification they must be converted to the measurement bandwidth. neutral: neutral contact returns current from the equipment back to the power source or distribution panel 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: AE Auxiliar
31、y Equipment AM Amplitude Modulation CE Consumer ElectronicsDRM Digital Radio Mondiale NOTE: See ES 201 980 2 (http:/www.drm.org/). EUT Equipment Under Test PLT PowerLine Telecommunications NOTE: See http:/portal.etsi.org/portal_common/home.asp?tbkey1=PLT. PSD Power Spectral Density QoS Quality of Se
32、rvice SW Short Wave ETSI ETSI TS 102 578 V1.2.1 (2008-08) 7 4 Detection of the presence of radio broadcasting signals Radio broadcast signals transmitted with a high power from the antenna of a radio station will electromagnetically couple onto any wire, e.g. an electrical power grid. Radio broadcas
33、t transmitter Figure 1: Example of ingress of radio signals into mains wiring in a house Within the reception range of the radio broadcast signals the ingress of the broadcast signal can be detected. Sensing the ingress magnitude at a PLT modem, e.g. at the socket between live and neutral line, enab
34、les the PLT modem to identify the presence of a radio broadcast signal that is receivable by a typical CE radio receiver. Figure 2 shows a “snapshot“ measurement of the noise between live and neutral at a socket using a spectrum analyzer. Each “peak“ (e.g. at 5 955 kHz or 6 075 kHz) visible in figur
35、e 2 shows the presence of an AM - SW Radio broadcast signal. A “rectangle“ (e.g. around 5 990 kHz, marked in red dashed ellipse) shows the presence of a DRM radio station. The AM - SW Radio broadcast signals marked with the green dotted ellipses show acceptable reception quality using a typical cons
36、umer electronics SW radio receiver. ETSI ETSI TS 102 578 V1.2.1 (2008-08) 8 Ref 80 dBV Att 10 dB*3 AVCLRWRA 1 AVMAXH2 AVMINH40 kHz/Start 5.9 MHz Stop 6.3 MHz*RBW 300 HzVBW 30 kHzSWT 4.5 sPRN-20-10010203040506070801Marker 1 T1 55.07 dBV6.075000000 MHz2Marker 2 T2 32.70 dBV6.075000000 MHzFigure 2: Exa
37、mple of a snapshot of ingress in the 49 m SW-Band at one location measured between live and neutral The amplitude of SW radio broadcast signal ingress changes strongly with time and location. Also, the level of these signals depends on the location of the modem and the structure of the wiring of the
38、 electricity grid. The PLT modem will periodically sense the ingress and identify the presence of SW radio broadcast signal. The thresholds used for detecting receivable signals and the frequency of sensing are specified in clause 4. 4.1 Noise Floor The Noise Floor shall be measured at adjacent freq
39、uencies lower and higher than the short wave Radio band given in table 1. The adjacent frequency block to be monitored shall be as wide as the Radio band allocation itself. The adjacent frequency blocks must be completely monitored by the PLT modems without any gaps. The noise floor is the median va
40、lue of all measured values of the electrical energy in the adjacent frequency blocks on the powerline channel excluding all powerline communication signals. An individual noise floor level shall be calculated for each Radio broadcast band. The frequency locations and resolution bandwidth of the meas
41、ured values is implementation dependent on the PLT modem. A short impulsive noise e.g. caused by a light switch must not influence noise floor measurement. 4.2 Levels and Thresholds Signal ingress shall be identified as a receivable radio broadcast service if the signal is at least: Criterion (1): 1
42、4 dB above the noise floor If criterion (1) is satisfied, the threshold level of ingress of a broadcast signal identified as receivable is: Criterion (2): -95 dBm Additionally PLT modems may limit the identification of a receivable radio broadcast service to such signals that are AM or DRM modulated
43、 including very low AM modulated signal (plain carrier or a silent period). ETSI ETSI TS 102 578 V1.2.1 (2008-08) 9 Noise floor and signal shall be measured between the live and neutral conductor at the socket to which the PLT modem is connected. The measurement shall be made using a spectrum analys
44、er or measurement receiver specified and adjusted as in CISPR 16-1-1 6 - average detector. The threshold is defined to take into account the sensitivity of broadcast CE radio receivers and reception factor between the field and the signals on the mains. The measurement bandwidth and detectors specif
45、ied here are for verification of the implementation of the present document, which is described in detail in clause 6. Resolution bandwidth and detectors used by the PLT modem are implementation dependent. Taking into account the fading effects defined in ITU-R Recommendation BS.1615 4 and the robus
46、tness of radio receivers (ES 201 980 2) the signal is considered to be present if Criterion (1) and (2) is exceeded in 30 % of time in any 10 seconds interval. 4.3 Timings A radio broadcast signal shall be detected and the corresponding notch shall be activated by the PLT modem in no more than: 15 s
47、econdsafter the receivable radio broadcast service is actually present. The notch shall remain active continuously for the whole time that the SW radio broadcast is present. After the radio broadcast service has been identified as no longer receivable the notch shall still remain active for at least
48、: 180 seconds 4.4 Frequencies Radio frequencies are allocated to the broadcasting service under article 5 of the Radio Regulations 1. In practice, HF broadcasts are to be found on frequencies outside these bands. Countries (Administrations) can, on a national basis allocate additional frequencies un
49、der article 4.4 of the Radio Regulations 1. This practice is commonplace. A realistic assessment of the actual bands used for SW radio broadcasting is: Table 1: The HF Broadcasting Bands From (kHz) To (kHz) 2 300 2 498 3 200 3 400 3 900 4 000 4 550 4 650 4 750 5 110 5 750 6 200 7 100 7 700 9 300 9 950 11 550 12 100 13 550 13 900 15 050 15 850 17 400 17 950 18 900 19 020 21 450 21 850 25 670 26 100 The automatic process of “Smart Notching“ shall work at least in the frequency allocations defined in the table 1. NOTE: Frequen
