1、 ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Compliance tests for cognitive interference mitigation for use by UHF RFID using Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) or other similar techniques Technical Specification ETSI ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08)2Referenc
2、e DTS/ERM-TG34-012 Keywords ER-GSM, radio, RFID ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice
3、 Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http:/www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable D
4、ocument Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on t
5、he current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http:/portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http:/portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be r
6、eproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2011. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the be
7、nefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08)3Contents Intellectual Property Right
8、s 5g3Foreword . 5g3Introduction 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7g33.1 Definitions 7g33.2 Symbols 8g33.3 Abbreviations . 8g34 Demonstration of principle . 8g34.1 Introduction 8g34.2 Methods of measur
9、ement . 9g34.2.1 Unmodulated Signal in the ER-GSM UL and DL band 9g34.3 Results of the demonstration 10g34.3.1 Unmodulated Signal in the ER-GSM DL band. 10g35.3.2 Unmodulated Signal in the ER-GSM UL band. 13g35 Test procedures 16g35.1 Introduction 16g35.2 Technical requirement specifications . 16g35
10、.2.1 General requirements 16g35.2.1.1 Class A: Interrogators without detection capabilities 17g35.2.1.2 Class B: Interrogators with ER-GSM Downlink detection capability . 17g35.2.1.3 Class C: Interrogators with ER-GSM Uplink and Downlink detection capability 18g35.2.1.3.1 Class C1: Slow Uplink detec
11、tion . 18g35.2.1.3.2 Class C2: Fast Uplink detection 18g35.2.2.2 Operational frequency ranges 19g35.2.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies 19g35.2.2.2.2 Channel range 19g35.2.2.2.3 Testing of operational frequencies. 19g35.3 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters 20g35.3.1 Frequency err
12、or for mains operated equipment 20g35.3.1.1 Definition 20g35.3.1.2 Method of measurement of frequency error 20g35.3.1.3 Limits 21g35.3.2 Frequency stability under low voltage conditions 21g35.3.2.1 Definition 21g35.3.2.2 Method of measurement 21g35.3.2.3 Limits 21g35.3.3 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 21
13、g35.3.3.1 Definition 21g35.3.3.2 Method of measurement 22g35.3.3.2.1 Radiated measurement. 22g35.3.3.2.2 Conducted measurement 23g35.3.3.3 Limits 23g35.3.4 Transmitter spectrum mask . 23g35.3.4.1 Definition 23g35.3.4.2 Method of measurement 23g35.3.4.3 Limits 24g35.3.5 Unwanted emissions in the spur
14、ious domain 25g35.3.5.1 Definition 25g35.3.5.2 Method of measurement . 25g3ETSI ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08)45.3.5.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 5.3.5.2, a) i) . 26g35.3.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 5.3.5.2, a) ii) 26g35.3.5
15、.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 5.3.5.2, b) 28g35.3.5.3 Limits 28g35.3.6 Downlink detection . 28g35.3.6.1 Definition 28g35.3.6.2 Downlink detection mode . 28g35.3.6.3 Method of measurement 29g35.3.6.3.1 Method of measuring radiated signals in the R-GSM band . 29g35.3.6.3.2
16、Method of measuring radiated signals in the ER-GSM band 30g35.3.6.3.3 Conducted method of measurement for signals in the R-GSM band 31g35.3.6.3.4 Conducted method of measurement for signals in the ER-GSM band 33g35.3.6.4 Limits 34g35.3.7 Uplink detection 34g35.3.7.1 Definition 34g35.3.7.2 Uplink det
17、ection mode 35g35.3.7.3 Method of measurement 35g35.3.7.3.1 Method of measuring radiated signals . 35g35.3.7.3.2 Conducted method of measurement 37g35.3.7.4 Limits 38g35.3.7.4.1 Test sequence 38g35.3.7.4.2 Threshold levels. 38g35.3.7.4.3 Transmission times for class C1 interrogators . 38g35.3.7.4.4
18、Uplink detection time 39g36 Field evaluation test 39g36.1 Introduction 39g36.2 Initial field test . 40g36.3 Field test at a shunting area/distribution centre 42g3Annex A (informative): Bibliography . 43g3History 44g3ETSI ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08)5Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or
19、 potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Esse
20、ntial, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee ca
21、n be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic comp
22、atibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Introduction In order to accommodate the spectrum needs for the increasing number of RFID devices and systems, an extension band for high power RFID systems in the range between 915 MHz and 921 MHz has been requested. This band is already used by RFID in s
23、everal countries worldwide and its designation in Europe would increase its functionality and simplify the international movement of goods using RFID identification systems. In Europe, part of this new frequency band will be shared between the primary user ER-GSM and RFID. In order to guarantee an i
24、nterference-free coexistence between the two systems, mechanisms have to be implemented by RFID systems to reduce the probability of interference to an acceptable minimum. These techniques can be either regulatory, or technical mechanisms or operational restrictions. This Technical Specification (TS
25、) includes a description of the practical evaluation and the certification test procedure for the mitigation mechanisms defined in TS 102 902 3 (Methods, parameters and test procedures for cognitive interference mitigation towards ER-GSM for use by UHF RFID using Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) or other simi
26、lar techniques). The focus in the present document will be on the sensing of the environment and estimation of the isolation between a RFID high power interrogator and a potential victim ER-GSM terminal. The location based mechanisms presented in 2 are not part of the present TS. The interference ev
27、aluations performed in 2 have shown that RFID devices will not cause any harmful interference towards the potential ER-GSM victim terminals if the power is below 0 dBm (1mW) and the protection distance is larger than 20 m. Since the maximum TX power of RFID tags in the band 915 MHz to 921 Mhz is bel
28、ow -10 dBm, they do not require any additional mitigation. The present document follows on from the recommendations contained in TS 102 902 2. It begins by describing the results of a demonstration of principle which was performed by members of STF 397 (Specialist Task Force 397). The knowledge gain
29、ed from this work was central to the development of the specifications for the tests. Finally the document outlines a set of practical tests which are considered necessary in order to finalise the values of certain critical parameters and to validate that the mitigation techniques function as predic
30、ted in an operational environment. ETSI ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08)61 Scope The present document reports on the practical evaluation, demonstrations and certification procedures for the mitigation mechanisms for RFID systems operating in the band between 915 MHz to 921 MHz as described in 2. Th
31、e active mechanisms covered in this Technical Specification are intended to mitigate against any harmful interference generated by RFID interrogators towards ER-GSM terminals operated in the band between 918 MHz to 921 MHz. The report does not cover the location based methods presented in 2 nor does
32、 it include RFID tags operating in the band with a power levels up to -10 dBm. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references
33、, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time o
34、f publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. 1 ETSI EN 302 208 (all parts) (V1.3.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio Frequen
35、cy Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W“. 2 ETSI TS 102 902 (V1.1.1): “Electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters (ERM); Methods, parameters and test procedures for cognitive interference mitigation towards ER-GSM for use by UHF
36、RFID using Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) or other similar techniques“. 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI ERM TG34: ERM-TG34#15-04r1: “ETSI te
37、sts at a Distribution Centre“, September 2006. ETSI ETSI TS 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08)73 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: Cognitive Radio System (CRS): radio system (optionally including multiple
38、 entities and network elements), which has the following capabilities: obtains knowledge of the radio operational environment and established policies and monitors usage patterns and users needs; adjusts dynamically and autonomously its operational parameters and protocols according to this knowledg
39、e in order to achieve predefined objectives, e.g. minimize a loss in performance or increase spectrum efficiency; and learns from the results of its actions in order to further improve its performance. Detect And Avoid: (DAA): technology used to protect radio communication services by avoiding co-ch
40、annel operation. NOTE: Before transmitting, a system senses the channel within its operational bandwidth in order to detect the possible presence of other systems. If the channel is occupied, the system avoids transmission until the channel becomes available. Downlink (DL): direction of communicatio
41、n from master to slave, where in the case of a typical RFID system the direction flows from the interrogator to tag Dynamic Frequency Allocation (DFA): protocol that allows for changing transmit frequency during operation Dynamic Power Control (DPC): capability that enables the transmitter output po
42、wer of a device to be adjusted during operation in accordance with its link budget requirements or other conditions fixed: physically fixed, non- moving device; includes temporary installations as well link adaptation: result of applying all of the control mechanisms used in Radio Resource Managemen
43、t to optimize the performance of the radio link Listen Before Talk (LBT): spectrum access protocol requiring a cognitive radio to perform spectrum sensing before transmitting location awareness: capability that allows a device to determine its location to a defined level of precision master: control
44、s the radio resource changing actions mobile: physically moving device radio environment map: integrated multi-domain database that characterises the radio environment in which a cognitive radio system finds itself. NOTE: It may contain geographical information, available radio communication service
45、s, spectral regulations and policies, and the positions and activities of co-located radios Service Level Agreement (SLA): defined level of service agreed between the contractor and the service provider slave: performs the commands transmitted by the Master Uplink (UL): direction of communication fr
46、om Slave to Master white space: term indicating a part of the spectrum, which is available for a radio communication application at a given time in a given geographical area on a non-interfering/non-protected basis with regard to other services with a higher priority on a national basis ETSI ETSI TS
47、 102 903 V1.1.1 (2011-08)83.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: pathloss exponent in the Friis Equation dB decibel d distancef frequency measured under normal test conditions fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator wavelength omh f freq
48、uency offset 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BCCH Broadcast Control Channel BTS Base Transceive Station DAA Detect and AvoidDL DownlinkER-GSM Extended Railways GSM GSM Global System for Mobile Communication IM3 third order intermodulatio
49、n RBW Resolution Band Width RF Radio Frequency RFID Radio Frequency Identification R-GSM Railways Global System for Mobile communications RX Receiver TCH Traffic Channel TX Transmitter UHF Ultra High Frequency UL Uplink 4 Demonstration of principle 4.1 Introduction The purpose of the initial demonstration of principle was to show the ability of an interrogator to detect the defined threshold levels for Uplink and Downlink detection. This demonstration of principle was also presented at the ECC workshop in Mainz in April 2011. The demonstration
