1、 ETSI TS 103 302 V1.1.1 (2015-04) Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Test Specification for the RFID Interoperability Test Event in Brazil May 2013 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ETSI ETSI TS 103 302 V1.1.1 (2015-04)2 Reference DTS/ERM-TG34-263 Keywords ID, radio, RFID ETSI 650
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6、pyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI. T
7、he copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2015. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTETMare Trade Marks o
8、f ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TS 103 302 V1.1.1 (2015-04)3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 4g3Foreword . 4g3Modal verbs terminology 4g3Introdu
9、ction 4g31 Scope 5g32 References 5g32.1 Normative references . 5g32.2 Informative references 5g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 5g33.1 Definitions 5g33.2 Symbols 6g33.3 Abbreviations . 6g34 Test preparation 6g34.1 Arrangements . 6g34.2 Equipment 7g34.3 Application Scenarios . 7g34.4 Test
10、arrangements. 8g34.5 Selection of Tags 9g34.6 Noise Level Measurement 10g35 Test Procedure 11g35.1 Scenario 1 - Comparative Performance of FHSS and 4 Channel Plan . 11g35.2 Scenario 2 - Comparison of Mitigation Techniques . 12g35.3 Scenario 3: Analysis of Interference between RFID and GSM 13g35.4 Sc
11、enario 4: Door Portal Application 14g35.5 Measurement Uncertainties 15g3Annex A (informative): Bibliography . 16g3History 17g3ETSI ETSI TS 103 302 V1.1.1 (2015-04)4 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The inform
12、ation pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: “Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the E
13、TSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the up
14、dates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Modal verbs terminology In the present docume
15、nt “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except wh
16、en used in direct citation. Introduction Currently the Brazilian regulations concerning RFID are based on the FHSS mode of operation, as commonly used in the Americas, rather than the four channel plan that has been adopted in Europe. However with the increasing number of RFID technologies and appli
17、cations available at UHF, the Brazilian RFID community has recently expressed a strong interest in participating in an ETSI Plugtests event. They believed that this would provide them with a better understanding of the role of ETSI within Europe and of the standardization activities that had taken p
18、lace on RFID at UHF within the ETSI Technical Body TC ERM TG34. CPqD is aware of the increasing number of RFID technologies and applications presently available at UHF. Furthermore in Brazil GSM operates in the frequency bands 907,5 - 915 MHz, which is adjacent to the band occupied by RFID. These fa
19、ctors have led CPqD to identify the need to perform an interoperability test in co-operation with an independent international standardization body. Subsequently arrangements were made to perform Plugtests with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The present document describe
20、s a test plan to evaluate the comparative performance of the FHSS mode of operation as commonly used in the Americas and the four channel plan that has been adopted in Europe. ETSI ETSI TS 103 302 V1.1.1 (2015-04)5 1 Scope The present document describes the test scenarios performed at the RFID Inter
21、operability event in Brazil. The interoperability event, also called Plugtests event is being organized by ETSI, CPqD and FP7 Probe-IT Project. The event took place from 20 - 24 May 2013 at the CPqD Head Quarters, in Campinas, Brazil. The primary purpose of the tests was to compare the performance b
22、etween interrogators when configured in the FHSS mode and interrogators configured to operate in accordance with the 4 channel plan, defined by ETSI and adopted in Europe. In addition further tests were carried out to assess the reading performance of tags when attached to “unfriendly“ items and the
23、 effect of tag orientation. 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of th
24、e reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot
25、 guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. Not applicable. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. Fo
26、r specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validit
27、y. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 ETSI TR 103 271: “Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Report on RFID Brazil Plugtests 20th - 24th May
28、 2013“. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: interrogator: device that can read and write to RFID tags tag: transponder that holds data and responds to an interrogation signal Tari: reference tim
29、e interval for a data-0 in interrogator-to-tag signalling ETSI ETSI TS 103 302 V1.1.1 (2015-04)6 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: dB decibel dBm power level relative to 1 mW kHz kilo Hertz m metres MHz Mega Hertz us micro second3.3 Abbreviations For
30、the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: BER Bit Error Rate DAA Detect And Avoid EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power EPC Electronic Product Code FDM Frequency-Division Multiplexing FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FM Frequency Modulation GSM Global System fo
31、r Mobile communications RBW Resolution BandWidth RF Radio Frequency RFID Radio Frequency IDentification SMA SubMiniature version A (connector) TDM Time-Division Multiplexing UHF Ultra High Frequency VBW Video BandWidth4 Test preparation 4.1 Arrangements The test schedule for the Plugtests, has been
32、split as follows: 1st Day Check and prepare equipment for the tests; 2nd DayComparison between FHSS and 4-channel plan; 3rd Day a.m. Complete comparison of mitigation techniques; p.m. GSM interference tests; preparation for tag performance tests; 4th Day Perform tag performance tests; 5th Day Assess
33、 results and tear down; Sufficient mains power points were provided. The mains supplies are both 110 V and 220 V at 60 Hz using the types of plugs illustrated in Figure 1. ETSI ETSI TS 103 302 V1.1.1 (2015-04)7 110 127V/ 60 Hz - Phase/Neutral and 220V / 60 Hz - Phase / Phase Figure 1: Picture of mai
34、ns plugs The Parts 1 and 2 of the Plugtest were supervised by Representatives from ETSI. They were assisted by representatives of CPqD. Following completion of Parts 1 and 2 representatives from CPqD shall supervise Part 3 and Part 4 assisted by the representatives from ETSI. On completion of the Pl
35、ugtest CPqD and ETSI jointly prepare a Technical Report (ETSI TR 103 271 i.1), which includes an analysis of the test results. 4.2 Equipment ETSI provided the following equipment for the Plugtests: 1) 3 x demonstrators capable of operating in the band 915 - 921 MHz and incorporating DAA. Additionall
36、y they had the ability to operate under the four channel plan. Each interrogator was capable of driving at least two antennas with an output of 4 W eirp. 2) All interrogators were fitted with SMA female connectors. 3) The software application for operating the demonstrators and controlling operation
37、 of the DAA. This software included the ability to log the successful reading of tags together with recording the total time taken to complete the operation. CPqD provided: 1) 3 x interrogators using FHSS mode and modified for operation at Brazilian frequencies. 2) 4 x circularly polarized antennas
38、for operation in the band 902 - 928 MHz for use in scenarios 1, 2 and 3. 3) An additional four antennas for scenario 4. 4) 3 x laptops for interfacing with the interrogators under test. 5) 3 x cardboard sheets each with 50 tags mounted on one side as shown in Figure 4. 6) An additional 120 tags appl
39、ied as described in clause 5.4. 7) Three simulated portals as illustrated in Figure 3. 8) One GSM emulator. 9) One portal for use in scenario 4. 10) One optical light beam for use in scenario 4. 4.3 Application Scenarios The test plan defines four different application scenarios. Each scenario descr
40、ibes the set-up in which RFID interrogators and tags are used. The four test scenarios are: Scenario 1: Comparative performance of FHSS and 4 channel Plan. Scenario 2: Comparison of mitigation techniques. Scenario 3: Analysis of interference between RFID and GSM. Scenario 4: Analysis of tag performa
41、nce. The detailed specifications for these scenarios are described in clause 5. ETSI ETSI TS 103 302 V1.1.1 (2015-04)8 4.4 Test arrangements Scenarios 1, 2 and 3 shall be performed in a semi-anechoic chamber. A picture of the chamber, which is at least 19 m in length, is shown in Figure 2. The envir
42、onmental conditions inside the chamber are: Ambient temperature: 20 to 26 C; Relative Humidity: 40 to 60 %. Figure 2: Semi-Anechoic Chamber Three adjacent portals shall be installed inside the chamber in accordance with the dimensions in Figure 3. In order to minimize interference, shielding (at lea
43、st 1 m wide by 1,5 m high) shall be placed between the portals. Figure 3: Layout of dock-doors The tags, which shall be mounted on cardboard sheets, shall be placed midway between the dock-doors. CPqD shall make an additional portal available in order to evaluate the performance of different tags as
44、 specified in scenario 4. ETSI ETSI TS 103 302 V1.1.1 (2015-04)9 4.5 Selection of Tags For scenarios 1, 2 and 3, 150 tags shall be fixed in equal numbers to three cardboard sheets. For scenario 4, tags shall be attached to cartons as specified in clause 5.4. The tags shall be selected from 500 sampl
45、es using the selection and verification method described below. This process seeks to select the tags with the most consistent performance. In order to perform the selection, the following equipment is required: RFID interrogator with control software; RFID antenna with circular polarization; Measur
46、ement antenna; Spectrum analyser. Using the above equipment, the following steps shall be performed in order to select the tags: 1) Connect the RFID interrogator to a computer which has the RFID application installed; 2) Connect the RFID antenna (with circular polarization) to the RFID interrogator
47、using a cable with a known cable loss; 3) Install the RFID antenna on a non-metallic support (recommended wood or plastic); 4) Adjust the RFID antenna to a height of 1,15 m above the ground; 5) Mount the measurement antenna on a non-metallic support (recommended wood or plastic) 6) Adjust the measur
48、ement antenna to a height of 1,2 m above the ground; 7) Align the measurement antenna parallel to the face of the RFID antenna; 8) Position the measurement antenna at a distance of 1 m from the RFID antenna; 9) Using an RF cable (with known cable loss), connect the measurement antenna to the spectru
49、m analyzer; 10) Disable the frequency hop mode in the interrogator; 11) Configure the interrogator to operate at 915 MHz; 12) Adjust the output power of the interrogator to +30 dBm; 13) Configure the spectrum analyser to the following parameters: - Central Frequency: 915 MHz; - Span: 100 MHz; - RBW and VBW: automatic; - Max Hold; 14) Verify that the measured maximum peak power is in the range +10 and +20 dBm; 15) Record the measured value; 16) Record the EPC number of the tag under test 17) Mount the tag on a non-metallic support (recommend
