1、 ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12) Smart Body Area Networks (SmartBAN) Unified data representation formats, semantic and open data model TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ETSI ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)2 Reference DTS/SmartBAN-009 Keywords health, information model, interoperability, ontology, security,
2、semantic ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association but non lucratif enregistre la Sous-Prfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded
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6、portStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authori
7、zation of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2015. All rights reserved. DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTMand the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE a
8、re Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. ETSI ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights 5g3Foreword . 5g3Modal verbs termin
9、ology 5g31 Scope 6g32 References 6g32.1 Normative references . 6g32.2 Informative references 6g33 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9g33.1 Definitions 9g33.2 Symbols 9g33.3 Abbreviations . 9g34 Introduction 11g35 Ambit and induced constraints . 11g36 SmartBAN open data model and ontology . 13
10、g36.1 SmartBAN information analysis 13g36.2 SmartBAN open data model ontology 18g36.2.0 Introduction. 18g36.2.1 WBAN ontology . 21g36.2.2 Nodes ontology . 22g36.2.3 Process ontology. 24g36.2.4 Ontofull ontology 25g36.2.5 OWL-DL formalization of the SmartBAN ontology 26g36.3 SmartBAN ontology pre-val
11、idation . 27g3Annex A (informative): Background and SoA . 30g3A.0 Introduction 30g3A.1 Existing sensor/actuator and BAN data representation 30g3A.1.0 Introduction 30g3A.1.1 Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) common used data representation models and ontologies . 30g3A.1.1.0 Introduction. 30g3A.1.1.1 O
12、GCs Observations Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards“, which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http:/ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches
13、, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced b
14、y ETSI Technical Committee Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN). Modal verbs terminology In the present document “shall“, “shall not“, “should“, “should not“, “may“, “need not“, “will“, “will not“, “can“ and “cannot“ are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal f
15、orms for the expression of provisions). “must“ and “must not“ are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. ETSI ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)6 1 Scope The present document specifies and formalizes SmartBAN unified data representation formats (including in particular s
16、ensor/actuator/relay/coordinator/Hub descriptions and sensed/measured data), semantic open data model and corresponding ontology. The present document is applicable to a BAN and/or a Smart BAN comprising wearable sensors/actuators devices, a relay/coordinator device and a Hub. The relay/Coordinator
17、and the Hub functionalities may be handled by a single device or by two distinct devices. The present document does not yet address the specification and the formalization of the SmartBAN service ontology and associated enablers. This will be addressed in the future release of the present document.
18、2 References 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (includ
19、ing any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http:/docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term v
20、alidity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. 1 ETSI TS 103 325 (V1.1.1) (04-2015): “Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN); Low Complexity Medium Access Control (MAC) for SmartBAN“. 2 ETSI TS 103 326 (V1.1.1) (04-2015): “Smart Body Area Network (
21、SmartBan); Enhanced Ultra-Low Power Physical Layer“. 3 R. Hodgson, P. Keller, J. Hodges, J. Spivak: “QUDT - Quantities, Units, Dimensions and Data Types Ontologies“, 2013. NOTE: Available at http:/www.qudt.org/. 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publica
22、tion and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the t
23、ime of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. i.1 S. Movassaghi, M. Abolhasan, J. Lipman, D. Smith and A. Jamalipo
24、ur: “Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey“, In IEEE Communications Surveys what is done, but not (typically) how or in what context. Data: A type of data in common use in bioinformatics. ETSI ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)18 Topic: A general bioinformatics subject or category, such as a field of
25、study, data, processing, analysis or technology. Format: A specific layout for encoding a specific type of data in a computer file or message. EDAM may be used in the proposed SmartBAN data model, in particular in case where the biomedical sensors are used for bioinformatics data, for example in the
26、 analysis of mutations in cancer. In such application, the process shall have as data the data class in EDAM. WBANs are widely used for remote patient monitoring and non-medical applications. That is why other existing models that describe the data types sensed by biomedical nodes have to be searche
27、d. As shown in the survey clause A.1.2.3 of the present document and in the reference model of the electronic healthcare, the data types include all the biomedical data formats. Whereas the process shall have one or many data, the data shall have one data format or type as described in the data valu
28、e of the reference model. Moreover, three properties shall be added to the data class of the SmartBAN model: QoS, Data size and Data transmission. The data size reflects the precision and the resolution of the sensed data. In addition, WBANs are characterized by heterogeneous data that differs in th
29、eir data rate, bandwidth, data types, accuracy, delay and others. An effective QoS mechanism is needed in order to deliver adequately these various information i.1 and i.2. Beside QoS, data transmission should be unicast, multicast or broadcast. In general, it is considered as multicast when it is s
30、ent to group of nodes within a cluster and as broadcast when it is sent to the entire active nodes in WBAN. If the remaining lifetime of a node is crucial, it can ignore a broadcast or multicast data to save power. In addition, the data shall have constraints. In SensorML, data can be constrained by
31、 security constraints based on the Security Banner Marking model of the Intelligence Community Information Security Marking (IC-ISM) Standard, valid Time that describes the validity time for certain process, and legal constraints which can be a private Act, intellectual Property, rights or copyright
32、s. Those constraints shall be reflected in the SmartBAN data model. Moreover, in the GATT service profiles, each data is described by its minimum value and maximum value and those values shall be part of the Validity class. Furthermore, a data may have operational constraints. Consequently, the cons
33、traints shall at least be legal constraint, validity constraints (having minimum and maximum values), operational constraints, security constraint (security protocol and used key or certificates reference), and compression constraint (compression algorithm). Finally, a light class to store the measu
34、rements done by the sensors shall be added to the SmartBAN open data model. One of the main goals of this class is to be implemented within the sensor without affecting its performance permitting data aggregation and data value verification within the node before sending the data to the Hub. It shal
35、l include the sensed value, the timestamp and may include TTL (Time to Live) in order to assure the freshness of the medical data. In that way, if the connection to the hub is temporary unavailable, the sensor can check for the freshness of the sensed data, and if it is expired the data will not be
36、sent to the Hub. Due to the limited resources of the sensors in terms of processor and memory, only this part of the model should be processed by the sensors allowing the conversion from raw data to aggregated data when it is necessary. For example, if only the average heart rate of a patient is nee
37、ded to calculate the number of burned calories, this calculation may be done by the sensor and sent to the hub without degrading the performance of the node. 6.2 SmartBAN open data model ontology 6.2.0 Introduction One of the most important problems in electronic health is data heterogeneity managem
38、ent and interoperability between different systems. Two types of interoperability can be differentiated: 1) Syntactic and structural interoperability: the structure and provenance of information is understood by any clinical system. 2) Semantic Interoperability: having a common understanding of the
39、information and data sources semantic such that they could be interpreted in a unique way by different clinical systems. In order to ensure this SmartBAN interoperability and heterogeneity management, a dedicated open data model was already introduced and conceptualized in clause 6.1 of the present
40、document (in the form of UML class diagrams). This open data model concept shall now be fully formalized and implemented through the use of ontology and this is the objective of clause 6.2 of the present document. ETSI ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)19 Therefore, a SmartBAN-dedicated ontology shall
41、 be formalized and developed based on the meta-model defined in clause 6.1. This BAN ontology, fully specified and presented in clause 6.2 of the present document, shall be designed in a way that existing healthcare and telemedicine data/information models and standards can be utilized through it (i
42、.e. this SmartBAN ontology) for developing smarter control and monitoring operations as well as standardized eHealth services. Ontology Web Language (OWL) has first been retained as description language for the formalization and the implementation of the computer interpretable SmartBAN-dedicated sem
43、antic ontology. This OWL-based ontology will allow the unique interpreting of different data, information and terms coming from different biomedical devices, applications and vendors. OWL DL, the lighter version of OWL, offers decidability by allowing consistency checking and automatic reasoning on
44、the knowledge base using realistic computing resources in a reasonable time. Advanced rules may be assigned to the ontology to infer particular information based on the domains requirements. Basic ontological components are classes, which are the sets of individuals with common characteristics, indi
45、viduals which are specified objects in the domain and properties used to state relationships between individuals or from individuals to data values. OWL DL offers the following options when defining a new class: subclass of; equivalent to; disjoint with; min cardinality; max cardinality. Moreover, w
46、hen creating an object property (which is the relation between two classes), the domain and the range shall be indicated and one can precise if it is: functional or inverse functional; transitive; inverse of; symmetric or asymmetric; reflexive or irreflexive. Regarding the data property, the domain
47、and the range (integer, string, anyURI, etc.) shall be precised. The data property may be functional, equivalent or disjoint from another data property. The latest version of Protg (4.3) has been used in the present document to formalize the SmartBAN semantic open data model and ontology for the fol
48、lowing reasons: Mostly used Support RDF/OWL structure User friendly interface Can import existing ontologies Clear visualization of the classes and properties (OntoGraph plug-in) Support wide range of reasoners especially Pellet reasoner Support SWRL language Clear justification of the inferences ET
49、SI ETSI TS 103 378 V1.1.1 (2015-12)20 Benefiting from the properties in OWL DL, the SmartBAN dedicated ontology shall be created as follows. Firstly, the SmartBAN domain shall be split and represented with three different sub-ontologies: WBAN, Nodes and Process. Those sub-ontologies shall fully mirror the three main classes of the SmartBAN open data model concept (see clause 6.1 of the present document). The distribution and description of the classes shall also mirror the one that has already been described in the U
