1、882 14 CFR Ch. I (1111 Edition) Pt. 34 TABLE B4CERTIFICATION STANDARD ATMOS-PHERIC HAIL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONContinued Hail diameter (mm) Contribution total HWC (%) Total 100.00 Median diameter of hail is 16 mm NOTE: Source of dataResults of the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA Propulsion Committee
2、 (PC) Study, Project PC 3381, June 1990. Doc. No. 28652, 63 FR 14799, Mar. 26, 1998 PART 34FUEL VENTING AND EX-HAUST EMISSION REQUIREMENTS FOR TURBINE ENGINE POWERED AIRPLANES Subpart AGeneral Provisions Sec. 34.1 Definitions. 34.2 Abbreviations. 34.3 General requirements. 34.4 Reserved 34.5 Special
3、 test procedures. 34.6 Aircraft safety. 34.7 Exemptions. Subpart BEngine Fuel Venting Emissions (New and In-Use Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) 34.10 Applicability. 34.11 Standard for fuel venting emissions. Subpart CExhaust Emissions (New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) 34.20 Applicability. 34.21 Stand
4、ards for exhaust emissions. Subpart DExhaust Emissions (In-Use Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) 34.30 Applicability. 34.31 Standards for exhaust emissions. Subparts EF Reserved Subpart GTest Procedures for Engine Ex-haust Gaseous Emissions (Aircraft and Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) 34.60 Introduction.
5、 34.61 Turbine fuel specifications. 34.62 Test procedure (propulsion engines). 34.63 Reserved 34.64 Sampling and analytical procedures for measuring gaseous exhaust emis-sions. 34.6534.70 Reserved 34.71 Compliance with gaseous emission standards. Subpart HTest Procedures for Engine Smoke Emissions (
6、Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines) 34.80 Introduction. 34.81 Fuel specifications. 34.82 Sampling and analytical procedures for measuring smoke exhaust emissions. 34.8334.88 Reserved 34.89 Compliance with smoke emission standards. AUTHORITY: 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq., 7572; 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 447014470
7、2, 44704, 44714. SOURCE: Docket No. 25613, 55 FR 32861, Aug. 10, 1990, unless otherwise noted. Subpart AGeneral Provisions 34.1 Definitions. As used in this part, all terms not de-fined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 7401 et. seq.): Act means the
8、 Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U.S.C. 7401 et. seq.). Administrator means the Adminis-trator of the Federal Aviation Admin-istration or any person to whom he has delegated his authority in the matter concerned. Administrator of the EPA means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency a
9、nd any other offi-cer or employee of the Environmental Protection Agency to whom the au-thority involved may be delegated. Aircraft as used in this part means any airplane as defined in 14 CFR part 1 for which a U.S. standard airworthi-ness certificate or equivalent foreign airworthiness certificate
10、 is issued. Aircraft engine means a propulsion en-gine which is installed in, or which is manufactured for installation in, an aircraft. Aircraft gas turbine engine means a turboprop, turbofan, or turbojet air-craft engine. Class TP means all aircraft turboprop engines. Class TF means all turbofan o
11、r tur-bojet aircraft engines or aircraft en-gines designed for applications that otherwise would have been fulfilled by turbojet and turbofan engines except engines of class T3, T8, and TSS. VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00892 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX 223043ww
12、oods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-883 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 34.2 Class T3 means all aircraft gas tur-bine engines of the JT3D model family. Class T8 means all aircraft gas tur-bine engines
13、of the JT8D model family. Class TSS means all aircraft gas tur-bine engines employed for propulsion of aircraft designed to operate at su-personic flight speeds. Commercial aircraft engine means any aircraft engine used or intended for use by an air carrier (including those en-gaged in intrastate ai
14、r transpor-tation) or a commercial operator (in-cluding those engaged in intrastate air transportation) as these terms are de-fined in the Federal Aviation Act and the Federal Aviation Regulations. Commercial aircraft gas turbine engine means a turboprop, turbofan, or tur-bojet commercial aircraft e
15、ngine. Date of manufacture of an engine is the date the inspection acceptance records reflect that the engine is com-plete and meets the FAA approved type design. Emission measurement system means all of the equipment necessary to transport the emission sample and measure the level of emissions. Thi
16、s in-cludes the sample system and the in-strumentation system. Engine model means all commercial aircraft turbine engines which are of the same general series, displacement, and design characteristics and are ap-proved under the same type certificate. Exhaust emissions means substances emitted into
17、the atmosphere from the exhaust discharge nozzle of an aircraft or aircraft engine. Fuel venting emissions means raw fuel, exclusive of hydrocarbons in the ex-haust emissions, discharged from air-craft gas turbine engines during all normal ground and flight operations. In-use aircraft gas turbine en
18、gine means an aircraft gas turbine engine which is in service. New aircraft turbine engine means an aircraft gas turbine engine which has never been in service. Power setting means the power or thrust output of an engine in terms of kilonewtons thrust for turbojet and turbofan engines or shaft power
19、 in terms of kilowatts for turboprop en-gines. Rated output (r0) means the max-imum power/thrust available for take-off at standard day conditions as ap-proved for the engine by the Federal Aviation Administration, including re-heat contribution where applicable, but excluding any contribution due t
20、o water injection and excluding any emergency power/thrust rating. Rated pressure ratio (rPR) means the ratio between the combustor inlet pres-sure and the engine inlet pressure achieved by an engine operation at rated output. Reference day conditions means the reference ambient conditions to which
21、the gaseous emissions (HC and smoke) are to be corrected. The reference day conditions are as follows: Temperature=15 C, specific humidity=0.00629 kg H2O/kg of dry air, and pressure=101325 Pa. Sample system means the system which provides for the transportation of the gaseous emission sample from th
22、e sample probe to the inlet of the in-strumentation system. Shaft power means only the measured shaft power output of a turboprop en-gine. Smoke means the matter in exhaust emissions which obscures the trans-mission of light. Smoke number (SN) means the dimensionless term quantifying smoke emissions
23、. Standard day conditions means stand-ard ambient conditions as described in the United States Standard Atmos-phere 1976, (i.e., temperature=15 C, specific humidity=0.00 kg H20/kg dry air, and pressure=101325 Pa.) Taxi/idle (in) means those aircraft op-erations involving taxi and idle be-tween the t
24、ime of landing roll-out and final shutdown of all propulsion en-gines. Taxi/idle (out) means those aircraft operations involving taxi and idle be-tween the time of initial starting of the propulsion engine(s) used for the taxi and the turn onto the duty run-way. Doc. No. 25613, 55 FR 32861, Aug. 10,
25、 1990; 55 FR 37287, Sept. 10, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 343, 64 FR 5558, Feb. 3, 1999 34.2 Abbreviations. The abbreviations used in this part have the following meanings in both upper and lower case: VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00893 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX
26、 223043wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-884 14 CFR Ch. I (1111 Edition) 34.3 CO Carbon monoxide EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administra-tion, United States Dep
27、artment of Transportation HC Hydrocarbon(s) HP Horsepower hr Hour(s) H20 water kg Kilogram(s) kJ Kilojoule(s) LTO Landing and takeoff min Minute(s) NOXOxides of nitrogen Pa Pascal(s) rO Rated output rPR Rated pressure ratio sec Second(s) SP Shaft power SN Smoke number T Temperature, degrees Kelvin T
28、IM Time in mode W Watt(s) C Degrees Celsius % Percent Doc. No. 25613, 55 FR 32861, Aug. 10, 1990, as amended by Amdt. 343, 64 FR 5559, Feb. 3, 1999 34.3 General requirements. (a) This part provides for the ap-proval or acceptance by the Adminis-trator or the Administrator of the EPA of testing and s
29、ampling methods, ana-lytical techniques, and related equip-ment not identical to those specified in this part. Before either approves or ac-cepts any such alternate, equivalent, or otherwise nonidentical procedures or equipment, the Administrator or the Administrator of the EPA shall consult with th
30、e other in determining whether or not the action requires rulemaking under sections 231 and 232 of the Clean Air Act, as amended, consistent with the responsibilities of the Adminis-trator of the EPA and the Secretary of Transportation under sections 231 and 232 of the Clean Air Act. (b) Under secti
31、on 232 of the Act, the Secretary of Transportation issues reg-ulations to ensure compliance with 40 CFR part 87. This authority has been delegated to the Administrator of the FAA (49 CFR 1.47). (c) U.S. airplanes. This Federal Avia-tion Regulation (FAR) applies to civil airplanes that are powered by
32、 aircraft gas turbine engines of the classes speci-fied herein and that have U.S. standard airworthiness certificates. (d) Foreign airplanes. Pursuant to the definition of aircraft in 40 CFR 87.1(c), this FAR applies to civil air-planes that are powered by aircraft gas turbine engines of the classes
33、 specified herein and that have foreign airworthi-ness certificates that are equivalent to U.S. standard airworthiness certifi-cates. This FAR applies only to those foreign civil airplanes that, if reg-istered in the United States, would be required by applicable Federal Avia-tion Regulations to hav
34、e a U.S. stand-ard airworthiness certificate in order to conduct the operations intended for the airplane. Pursuant to 40 CFR 87.3(c), this FAR does not apply where it would be inconsistent with an obli-gation assumed by the United States to a foreign country in a treaty, conven-tion, or agreement.
35、(e) Reference in this regulation to 40 CFR part 87 refers to title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, chapter IEnvironmental Protection Agency, part 87, Control of Air Pollution from Aircraft and Aircraft Engines (40 CFR part 87). (f) This part contains regulations to ensure compliance with cert
36、ain stand-ards contained in 40 CFR part 87. If EPA takes any action, including the issuance of an exemption or issuance of a revised or alternate procedure, test method, or other regulation, the effect of which is to relax or delay the effec-tive date of any provision of 40 CFR part 87 that is made
37、applicable to an aircraft under this FAR, the Adminis-trator of FAA will grant a general ad-ministrative waiver of its more strin-gent requirements until this FAR is amended to reflect the more relaxed re-quirements prescribed by EPA. (g) Unless otherwise stated, all ter-minology and abbreviations i
38、n this FAR that are defined in 40 CFR part 87 have the meaning specified in that part, and all terms in 40 CFR part 87 that are not defined in that part but that are used in this FAR have the meaning given them in the Clean Air Act, as amended by Public Law 91604. (h) All interpretations of 40 CFR p
39、art 87 that are rendered by the EPA also apply to this FAR. VerDate Mar2010 14:10 Mar 01, 2011 Jkt 223043 PO 00000 Frm 00894 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:SGML223043.XXX 223043wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFRProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-8
40、85 Federal Aviation Administration, DOT 34.7 (i) If the EPA, under 40 CFR 87.3(a), approves or accepts any testing and sampling procedures or methods, ana-lytical techniques, or related equip-ment not identical to those specified in that part, this FAR requires an appli-cant to show that such altern
41、ate, equivalent, or otherwise nonidentical procedures have been complied with, and that such alternate equipment was used to show compliance, unless the applicant elects to comply with those procedures, methods, techniques, and equipment specified in 40 CFR part 87. (j) If the EPA, under 40 CFR 87.5
42、, pre-scribes special test procedures for any aircraft or aircraft engine that is not susceptible to satisfactory testing by the procedures in 40 CFR part 87, the applicant must show the Administrator that those special test procedures have been complied with. (k) Wherever 40 CFR part 87 requires ag
43、reement, acceptance, or approval by the Administrator of the EPA, this FAR requires a showing that such agreement or approval has been ob-tained. (l) Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 7573, no state or political subdivision thereof may adopt or attempt to enforce any standard respecting emissions of any air pol
44、lutant from any aircraft or en-gine thereof unless that standard is identical to a standard made applicable to the aircraft by the terms of this FAR. (m) If EPA, by regulation or exemp-tion, relaxes a provision of 40 CFR part 87 that is implemented in this FAR, no state or political subdivision ther
45、eof may adopt or attempt to enforce the terms of this FAR that are superseded by the relaxed requirement. (n) If any provision of this FAR is rendered inapplicable to a foreign air-craft as provided in 40 CFR 87.3(c) (international agreements), and 34.3(d) of this FAR, that provision may not be adop
46、ted or enforced against that foreign aircraft by a state or po-litical subdivision thereof. (o) For exhaust emissions require-ments of this FAR that apply begin-ning February 1, 1974, January 1, 1976, January 1, 1978, January 1, 1984, and August 9, 1985, continued compliance with those requirements
47、is shown for engines for which the type design has been shown to meet those require-ments, if the engine is maintained in accordance with applicable mainte-nance requirements for 14 CFR chapter I. All methods of demonstrating com-pliance and all model designations pre-viously found acceptable to the
48、 Admin-istrator shall be deemed to continue to be an acceptable demonstration of compliance with the specific standards for which they were approved. (p) Each applicant must allow the Administrator to make, or witness, any test necessary to determine com-pliance with the applicable provisions of thi
49、s FAR. Doc. No. 25613, 55 FR 32861, Aug. 10, 1990; 55 FR 37287, Sept. 10, 1990 34.4 Reserved 34.5 Special test procedures. The Administrator or the Adminis-trator of the EPA may, upon written application by a manufacturer or oper-ator of aircraft or aircraft engines, ap-prove test procedures for any aircraft or aircraft engine that is not suscep-tible to satisfactory testing by the pro-cedures set forth herein. Prior to
