1、 FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BO 110-01 Date Action Revisions Rev. 0 2013 12 09 Released In reference to international standards M. Galonska, C. Starke Controlled document at www.MATS Copyright 2013, Ford Global Technologies, Inc Page 1 of 6 TEXTURE MEASUREMENT 1. Scope and Field of Application
2、1.1 Scope This objective method covers an instrumental comparison of a samples texture against a reference by defining measurement conditions and measurement procedures for the measurement of texture. The aim is to instrumentally determine those texture differences between sample and reference, whic
3、h are caused by materials, processing, or which arise after testing of, e.g. scratching. 1.2 Field of Application The application is valid for all textured surfaces of the vehicle interior except fabric and carpet. Areal topography measurement is preferred to line topography measurement. In case of
4、doubt areal topography characteristics overrule line topography characteristics. Application of topography gauges (tactile vs. non-tactile): Measurement approach Line topography measurement Areal topography measurement Measurement principle tactile non-tactile tactile non-tactile Hard trim plastic s
5、urfaces + + + + Soft surfaces (leather, vinyl, etc.) - + - + Tool steel surface (injection mold, etc.) + + + + 2. Definitions Terms and definitions in terminology ISO 25178 (areal topography), ISO 4287 and ISO 4288 (line topography) are applicable to this method. Definitions of terms specific to thi
6、s method are surface characteristics that describe the primary topography and roughness topography. 2.1 Instrument Master instrument The Master Instrument is an instrument to establish the basic references among various levels of standards and among other equipments. This instrument is the normal ar
7、biter in any situation not adequately resolved at a lower level and is retained by the organization that issues the masters. Secondary instrument A Secondary Instrument is any other instrument used for texture evaluation of the product by reference to the masters. FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BO
8、 110-01 Copyright 2013, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 2 of 6 2.2 Masters Target A physical design idea representation (intended to be developed). Internal Approval A physical representation approved to the target released to go to testing. Final Approval A physical representation approved to t
9、he internal approval released to master. Master A physical representation meant to define design Intent, which is distributed. Graduated Version A physical representation meant to define the graduated grain versions according to the master. Regional Standard A physical representation of a regional l
10、evel capability to the master; for distribution within the specific region only (most be coded different to master). Reference Approval A visual approval to either a master or regional standard to validate Design Intent and verify feasibility of specific materials. 2.3 Reference A master or any othe
11、r physical sample that the measurement of samples is correlated to. If only compared within a sample lot, the one sample is chosen to be reference that is visually closest to the idea/vision of the evaluator. 3. Method the lateral resolution should be 10 m. For 2D tactile (contact) devices only: Pro
12、filometers should use a stylus tip of radius 2 m and point angle of 60 (ISO 3274). The measuring range shall be 300 m. In the case that the measuring velocity is adjustable it is recommended to select the lowest in order to increase the accuracy. For 3D devices only: Areal topography scanning device
13、s with a fixed measuring areal shall have a minimum size of 10 mm x 8 mm. FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BO 110-01 Copyright 2013, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 3 of 6 3.2.2 Instruments proposed Instrument Master GFM (non-tactile areal topography gauge) MikroCADpremium Secondary FRT CWL (non
14、-tactile areal topography gauge) 3.2.3 Maintenance and Calibration Maintenance and calibration is of prime importance in providing constant and reliable measurements. The instrument has to be maintained and calibrated in accordance with the instructions of the equipment manufacturer. The instrument
15、shall NOT be calibrated NOR charged within a series of measurements. The instrument shall be calibrated according to the manufacturers instructions at least once a year. 2D tactile profilometers need to have a geometry measurement standard (ISO 5436, type C1) and a roughness measurement standard (IS
16、O 5436-1, type D1) which has to be tested before a set of measurements is started. A tip condition measurement standard (ISO 5436, type B) is recommended. 4. Conditioning and Test Conditions 4.1 Conditioning of Samples Before testing all samples have to be conditioned to equilibrium at 21 2C and 50
17、5% RH according to SAE J1767. All materials do at least require to have reached above temperature range prior to evaluation. 4.2 Test Conditions The sample and reference shall be visually checked for inhomogeneities in texture and gloss. The surface shall be free of dust, grease, contaminations or s
18、tains. All damaged areas that are no result of specific testing methods to be evaluated (e.g. scratch tests, etc.) need to be excluded from the measurements. If there is a defined direction of the test piece (e.g. up and down), the sample and the reference shall be measured in the same direction. Al
19、l measurement areas shall be agreed amicability between all involved and measuring parties prior to the actual measurements. 4.3 Surface Replicas In the case that the surface area of interest is not accessible to the topography scanning device, surface replicas shall be made. For non-tactile devices
20、 Struers RepliSet-F5 is recommended For tactile devices it is recommended to use RepliSet-F5 to mold a negative and afterwards create a positive by means of Struers EpoFix. Other replica materials can be used if the proof is given that the replicate abilities are as good as the recommended ones. FOR
21、D LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BO 110-01 Copyright 2013, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Page 4 of 6 5. Measurement Procedure In general, measurements shall be made if possible, at least 1 cm from the border of the sample, homogeneously distributed over the areas to be evaluated, on untouched areas, i
22、n the flattest areas of the part and on areas of corresponding textures and gloss levels. The measurement procedure of the surface topography scanning device has to be according to the manufacturers regulations and recommendations. 5.1 Measurement of References The grain reference has to be molded i
23、n an amorphous material and a semi crystalline material, both in JA6* Black. These materials shall be agreed amicably between all involved and measuring parties. Surface topography measurements have to be done on these two grain references and in the tool cavity. The measurement locations shall be i
24、dentical for all three surfaces. At least nine single measurements (9 single positions) with 45 rotations shall be made for technical grain and leather-like grain, for fine sprayed grains at least six measurements (6 single positions) with 45 rotations shall be made. For every set of measurements th
25、e average values and standard deviation needs to be calculated. If the measuring field size is 20 mm x 20 mm the minimum number of single measurements reduces to three positions respectively two positions. 5.2 Measurement of Samples Measurements of samples have to be in comparison to a reference (se
26、e 2.2) and the matching interior components. At least three single measurements with 45 rotations have to be taken from the reference, the sample and the matching interior component. For the evaluation of the grain graduation levels an appropriate reference has to be used. 6 Measurement Evaluation 6
27、.1 2D surface characteristics The roughness sampling length has to be selected according to ISO 4288 for non-periodic profiles. According to ISO 4287 the surface characteristics Pt, Rt, Pa, Ra, Pq, Rq, Pz, Rz and Rz5 have to be calculated. According to ISO 13565 the surface characteristics Rpk, Rk,
28、Rvk, Mr1 and Mr2 have to be calculated. 6.2 3D surface characteristics The raw topography scan has to be filtered regarding invalid data points and peaks (positive and negative) and has to be aligned. The raw data have to be stored for the lifetime of the respective tool and have to be provided to F
29、ord by request. Topography scans of free-formed surfaces have to be filtered with a polynomial filter of 5th to subtract the shape influence. Every single surface topography scan has to be displayed (color coded height information). The scaling has to be identical for one set of measurements and has
30、 to cover the total height range of all single measurements. A depth density curve has to be displayed for every single surface topography scan; the class width has to be identical for a set of measurements. FORD LABORATORY TEST METHOD FLTM BO 110-01 Copyright 2013, Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Pa
31、ge 5 of 6 According to ISO 25178 the surface characteristics Sa, Sq, Sz, Spk, Sk, Svk, Smr1 and Smr2 have to be calculated. 6.3 Result If the samples are referenced to a master and the measurement values - pass the agreed texture tolerances the result is texture approved INSTRUMENTALLY - fail the ag
32、reed texture tolerances the result is texture NOT approved INSTRUMENTALLY If the samples are NOT referenced to a master the result shall be evaluated according to the Ford method FLTM BI 109-01. 7 Report The test report shall include: 7.1 Identification For references Measurement standards - Part 2:
33、 Software measurement standards ISO 13565 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Profile method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties - Part 2: Height characterization using the linear material ratio curve ISO 25178-2 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surfac
34、e texture: Areal - Part 2: Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters SAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurements for Colorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim Materials 8.2 Further Reading The sources taken into account for this method are listed below. ISO 25178-3 Geometrical produ
35、ct specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Areal - Part 3: Specification operators ISO 25178-6 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Areal - Part 6: Classification of methods for measuring surface texture ISO 25178-601 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture:
36、 Areal - Part 601: Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments ISO 25178-602 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Areal - Part 602: Nominal characteristics of non-contact (confocal chromatic probe) instruments ISO 25178-701 Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Surface texture: Areal - Part 701: Calibration and measurement standards for contact (stylus) instruments
