1、Doc 9804 AN1762 Manual on Air Traffic Services (ATS) Ground-Ground Voice Switching and Signalling Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority First Edition - 2002 I n t e r n a t i o n a I C i v i I Av i at i on O rg a n iza t i o n Copyright International Civil Aviation Orga
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14、ment Ltd. (AFE), la Ringway Trading Estate, Shadowmoss Road, Manchester M22 5LH 1/02 Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids Issued annually, the Catalogue lists all publications and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications a
15、nd audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Doc 9
16、804 AN1762 Manual on Air Traffic Services (ATS) Ground-Ground Voice Switching and Signalling Approved by the Secretary Genera and published under his authority First Edition - 2002 I n te rn at i o n a I C ivi I Av i at i on Organ iza t i o n Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provi
17、ded by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly Supplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids, which
18、 holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA AMENDMENTS No. Date I Entered by CORRIGENDA No. Date I Entered by I (ii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license
19、 with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD This manual was developed with the assistance of the ATS Voice Switching and Signalling Study Group (AVSSSG) formed by the Air Navigation Commission in 1998 with the task of updating the ICAO provis
20、ions on air traffic services (ATS) ground-ground voice communications to support the introduction of digital technology. The purpose of this manual is to provide technical guidance, specifications and reference material to assist in the engineering of the ground voice communications facilities speci
21、fied in Annex 10, Volume III, Part II, Chapter 4,8 in order to meet the ground-ground communi- cations requirements specified in Annex 11, Chapter 6, Section 6.2.9 This manual is not a complete guide to the planning and deployment of networks since there is already ample relevant material generally
22、available. Rather, the manual aims to provide general indications of the issues that are considered to be important in the context of deploying ground voice communications networks to support air traffic management and to provide guidance on the direction in which such networks should develop. Histo
23、rically, voice communications between air traffic services (ATS) units have been carried out via direct analogue circuits and, more recently, via switched analogue circuits. The economics of telecommunications service provision have now altered in favour of digital technol- ogies. This manual, there
24、fore, provides recommendations and technical guidance for administrations wishing to migrate their international ATS communications to make use of switched digital networking. This manual contains two chapters: Chapter 1, dealing with Operational Requirements and Chapter 2, dealing with Engineering
25、Requirements. Chapter 1 describes in detail the facilities specified in Annex 10, Volume III, Part II, Chapter 4,8 and explains how these are used to meet the requirements for ground-ground communications specified in Annex 11, Chapter 6, Section 6.2.9 Chapter 2 considers the following aspects of AT
26、S communications: a) network planning, implementation and management; b) quality of service (QoS) and network performance issues: c) network numbering; d) details of the signalling systems needed to support the defined telephone facilities; e) supervisory tone; f) security aspects; and g) migration
27、to digital voice switching and signalling technology. Appendix A describes a method for assigning signalling delay to network elements. Appendix B lists all the publications referenced in the text. The manual incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications necessary t
28、o assist administrations with the deployment of digital switched network technologies as the means of providing the ground voice facilities needed for air traffic management purposes. It is intended that the manual be kept up to date. Future editions will most likely be improved on the basis of expe
29、rience gained and of comments and suggestions received from users of this manual. Therefore, readers are invited to give their views, comments and suggestions on this edition. These should be directed to the Secretary General of ICAO. (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provide
30、d by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page Glossary (vii) 2.2 QoS and network performance . 2-7 2.2.1 General . 2-7 AcronymslAbbreviations fix) 2.2.2 Traffic engineering 2-7 2.2.3 Transmission plannin
31、g . 2-7 . . Chapter 1 Operational requirements 1-1 2.2.4 Allocation of signalling delay . 2-10 2.2.5 The use of satellite links . 2-10 1.1 Correlation to the requirements 2.2.6 Network synchronization . 2-10 2.2.7 Alternate routing 2-11 of Annex 11, Section 6.2 1-1 . 1.2 Implementation 1 . 1 telecom
32、munication services . 1 . 1 operational requirements 1-2 1.2.1 Means of provision of 1.2.2 Applicability to domestic 1.3 Basic call types (primary user ground telephone facilities) . 1-2 1.3.1 General . 1-2 1-2 1.3.3 Direct access facility 1-3 1.3.4 Indirect access facility . 1-3 1.3.5 Performance r
33、equirements of primary user ground telephone facilities 1-3 1.3.2 Instantaneous access facility . 1.4 Supplementary facilities . 1-3 1.4.1 General . 1-3 1.4.2 Indication of calling, called and connected party identity 1-4 1.4.3 Operational implementation - model for the display of caller identity .
34、. 1-4 1.4.4 Indication of urgenVpriority calls . 1-4 1.4.5 Conference capabilities . 1-5 1.4.6 Automatic recording . 1-5 Chapter 2 . Engineering requirements . 2-1 2.1 Network planning. implementation and management . 2-1 2.1.1 General . 2-1 2-1 2.1.3 Use of switching elements and signalling protoco
35、ls 2- 1 2.1.4 Speech compression technologies 2-2 2.1.5 Recommended basis of ATS ground voice networks (AGVNs) . 2-2 2.1.6 Planning guidelines . 2-4 2.1.2 Transmission media and technologies . 2.3 Numbering 2-11 2.3.1 General . 2-11 2.3.2 Recommended numbering plan 2-11 2.3.3 Future numbering princi
36、ples . 2-11 2.4 Digital signalling systems . 2-12 2.4.1 General . 2-12 2.4.2 Recommended signalling system . 2-12 2.4.3 Use of PSSl (QSIG) in AGVNs . 2-12 2.5 Analogue signalling systems . 2-14 2.6 Supervisory tones . 2-14 2.7 Network management 2-14 2.7.1 Functional areas 2-14 2.7.2 Network managem
37、ent standards 2-14 2.8 Security aspects . 2-15 2.8.1 General . 2-15 2.8.2 Physical security 2-15 2.8.3 System security . 2-16 2.8.4 Network security . 2-16 2.9 Transition arrangements 2-17 Appendix A . Method for assigning signalling delay to network elements . A-1 A.l General . A-1 A.2 General mode
38、l for a basic telephone call . . A-1 A.3 Sources of signalling delay . A-3 A.4 Integration of signalling to give a specific delay model A-4 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license
39、 from IHS-,-,-Manual on Air Trafic Services (ATS) Ground-Ground Voice Switching and Signalling (vi) Page Appendix B . Referenced publications and information sources B- 1 B.l General B-1 B.2 References B-1 B.3 Equivalences for PSSI (QSIG) B.4 Web sites of standardization bodies B-3 specifications B-
40、3 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-GLOSSARY Address. A string or combination of decimal digits, symbols and additional information that identifies the specific
41、 termination points of a connection in a network. Administration. An organization responsible for providing international air traffic management communication services. Air trafic services (ATS) ground voice network. A telecommunications network providing telecommuni- cation services to support oper
42、ational air traffic management processes. Air trafic services unit. A generic term meaning variously, air traffic control unit, flight information centre or air traffic services reporting office. Bilateral agreement. An agreement between two ad- ministrations to provide a certain capability or act i
43、n a particular manner. Circuit. A combination of two transmission channels permitting bidirectional transmission of signals between two points to support a single communication. Class of service. The privileges, priorities, limitations and restrictions determining a partys ability to initiate outgoi
44、ng calls, to receive incoming calls and to invokehe relevant supplementary facilities. Controller workingposition (CWP). In the context of this manual, one particular type of terminal equipment used specifically for the purpose of performing operational duties of air traffic management. Digital leas
45、ed line. A point-to-point digital circuit rented by an administration from a public network operator or telecommunications service provider for exclusive use by the administration for the provision of air traffic management communication services. EILZ. The primary rates of ,the plesiochronous digit
46、al hierarchy. El refers to the 2 048 kbit/s primary rate. T1 refers to the 1 544 kbit/s primary rate. End VCS. In the context of a particular call, an originating or terminating VCS. It can also be a gateway VCS; depending on the capabilities of the signalling system with which interworking occurs.
47、Equipment mpairment factor (le). A number allocated to a network element, in units of “eif, that indicates the anticipated incremental level of impairment that would result when this element is inserted into a connection. Incoming gateway VCS. A gateway VCS that routes an incoming call from a route
48、employing one signalling system on to an inter-VCS link employing a different system. Inter-VCS link (transmisswn link). A link between two VCSs comprising the totality of the signalling transfer means (i.e. a signalling channel) and the user in- formation transfer (i.e. speech channels) means. Key.
49、 A device that not only includes a key but also any means of activating a facility, including push-buttons, computer mouse, screen icons and touch-sensitive panels, etc. Name. A string of characters used for the name identification of a party involved in a call. Network A set of equipment (terminal equipment, switching equipment, call-processing equipme
