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17、tions and audio-visual training aids currently available. Monthly supplements announce new publications and audio-visual training aids, amendments, supplements, reprints, etc. Available free from the Document Sales Unit, ICAO. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under
18、 license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Doc 9855 AN1459 Guidelines on the Use of the Public Internet for Aeronautical Applications Approved by the Secretary General and published under his authority First Edition - 2005 International Civil
19、 Aviation Organization Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-AMENDMENTS No. The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the monthly Su
20、pplement to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below is provided to keep a record of such amendments. Date Entered by No. Date CORRIGENDA I Entered by RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA (ii) I Copyright Inte
21、rnational Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD This document was developed with the assistance of the Aviation Use of the Public Internet Study Group (AUPISG) to assist States in
22、 dealing with the increasing use of the public Internet (hereafter referred to as “the Internet”) for certain aeronautical applications. This document contains guidelines on the use of the Internet as a means of communication for non-time- critical aeronautical ground-ground applications. The term n
23、on-time-critical implies that the information being transferred over the Internet has no immediate effect on an active flight. A degree of emphasis is also placed on material that could help States accredit providers of aviation information via the Internet. Following the guidelines of this document
24、 will hopefully prevent or minimize the possibility of non-compatible/ diverging procedures being adopted by States and international organizations that choose to use the Internet for certain operational applications. The guidelines are intended to provide high-level best practice rather than detail
25、ed technical specifications and are based upon proven operational procedures and commodity off-the-shelf (COTS) products. Where examples are included, it should be recognized that these might rapidly become outdated because of the rate of change of Internet technology. It is recommended that the mos
26、t appropriate solution be deployed at the time of any implementation. Moreover, the guidelines do not cover those services which are normally provided via dedicated communications infrastructures, such as leased lines or Intranets that may use Internet-based technologies. The document contains some
27、historical background, general considerations relating to all Internet-based aeronautical services and considerations relating to specific types of services. Finally, it should be noted that this document does not contain a statement of ICAOs position on where and when the Internet should or should
28、not be used for aeronautical applications. ICA0 may develop such a position at a later stage if deemed necessary. (iii) Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Page E
29、xplanation of terms (vio Chapter 1 . Background . 1-1 Chapter 2 . Responsibilities of States 2-1 2.1 General 2-1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Charging 2-6 2.6 Intellectual property . 2-6 Applicable ICA0 provisions . 2-1 Accreditation of an IASP . 2-2 2.5 Performance indicators . 2-6 Chapter 3 . Technical considerati
30、ons . 3-1 3.1 3.2 Content 3-1 3.3 Risk assessment and management 3-2 3.4 Risk assessment process . 3-2 Categorization of messages 3-1 Chapter 4 . Matters relating to meteorological information . 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.2 4.3 Time-critical meteorological messages . 4-1 Non-time-critical meteorolog
31、ical messages 4-1 Chapter 5 . Matters relating to aeronautical information services (AIS) . 5-1 5.1 Introduction 5-1 5.2 Time-critical aeronautical information . 5-1 5.3 Non-time-critical aeronautical information . 5-2 5.4 Provision of static and basic information . 5-2 5.5 Provision of charts 5-3 C
32、hapter 6 . Matters relating to flight plans 6-1 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Flight plan filing . : . 6-1 6.3 Flight plan management 6-1 Chapter 7 . Other applications 7-1 7.1 AFTN-type messaging application 7-1 Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAON
33、ot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Note.- The explanations given below are to facilitate the understanding of the terms in the context of their use in this document. Browser. Software that will load and display a web page. A browser interprets the HTML
34、or XML code (see below) from the web-page files, executes embedded scripts and programmes, provides encryption/ decryption for security where needed, displays graphics (except text-only browsers), plays music and videos and provides links to related pages. Demilitarized zone (DMZ). A network sitting
35、 between two networks. It is neither part of the internal network nor directly part of the Internet. The infrastructure deployed within a DMZ is afforded some protection from external attack but is still considered vulnerable. Denial of service (DOS) attacks. Attempts to overwhelm an Internet site o
36、r server. The outcome of the attack is that genuine users are competing for the same resources as the attacker. This will either result in genuine users being blocked or the entire infrastructure grinding to a halt. Distributed DOS (DDoS) attacks are coordinated from many different locations and can
37、 be considerably more difficult to manage. A DOS is often used as a diversion by an attacker to cover up efforts to gain entry to a system. Digital certificate. An electronic means of establishing user credentials when doing business or other transactions on the Web. It is issued by a certification
38、authority (CA). It contains the users name, a serial number, expiration dates, a copy of the certificate holders public key (used for encrypting and decrypting messages and digital signatures), and the digital signature of the certificate-issuing authority so that a recipient can verify that the cer
39、tificate is real. Some digital certificates conform to Recommendation X.509 of the Telecommunication Standardization Section of the International Telecommunication Union. Digital certificates can be kept in registries so that authenticated users can look up the public keys of other users. Electronic
40、 mail (emair). One of the standard Internet protocols that enables people with different computers and operating systems to communicate with each other. Email allows one-to-one or one-to-many mailings. Mail is received and held by a mail server within an organization or by an Internet service provid
41、er until the addressee logs on and collects the mail. ExtensiMe Markup Language (XML). A step in the evolution of web data formats (beyond HTML). Extranet A network that supplements a closed Intranet by providing access to customers, suppliers, subcontractors and others outside the organization that
42、 require selective information from the organization. It is not accessible to the Intemet at large. Firewall. A device that protects the resources of a private network from users from other networks. Basically, a firewall, working closely with a router, filters all network packets to determine wheth
43、er to forward them toward their destination. A firewall is often installed away from the rest of the network so that no incoming request can get directly at private network resources. Hypermedia. Like hypertext, but includes other interlinking multi-media such as graphics, audio and video. Hypertext
44、 A form of text that includes visible links to other pages of text or media, accessible by clicking on or selecting the links. Copyright International Civil Aviation Organization Provided by IHS under license with ICAONot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,
45、-(Viii) Guidelines on the Use of the Public internet for Aeronautical Applications .- Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). The coding system used to create World Wide Web (WWW) pages. A page written in HTML is a text file that includes tags in angle brackets that control the fonts and type sizes, inser
46、tion of graphics, layout of tables and frames, paragraphing, calls to short runnable programes, and hypertext links to other pages. Hypertext Transport Protocol (Secure) (https). The standard encrypted communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is the HTTP operating over SSL. Internet. A sy
47、stem of computer networks that interconnect worldwide and use the Transmission Control ProtocoVlnternet Protocol (TCP/IP) for transmission and recovery of information. Internet aviation service provider (IASP). An accredited company that provides aeronautical information using the Internet as the me
48、ans of communication. Internet protocol (IP). A protocol used to route data packets . (interconnected networks) environment. Internet service provider (ISP). A company that provides infrastructure. from source to destination in an Internet Internet access and a communications Infranet A private network within a single organization that uses the TCPIIP for transmission and recovery of information. The sites within an Intranet are generally closed to the Internet and are accessible by organization members only. Operating system (OS) integrated. A feature or function t
