1、!* I. Manual on Chemical Pollution Section 2: Search and Recovery of Packaged Goods Lost at Sea 2007 EDITION INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION London, 2007 Published in 2007 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR Printed by Polestar Wheatons Ltd, Exeter 1357
2、98642 ISBN 978-92-801-4222-8 IMO PUBLICATION Sales number: IA633E Copyright 0 International Maritime Organization 2007 All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission in writing from
3、the International Maritime Organization Photographs by courtesy of: Centre of Documentation, Research and Experimentation on Accidental Water Pollution (CEDRE), France Counter Pollution and Response, Maritime and Coastguard Agency, United Kingdom E. Arnato. ICRAM (Central Institute for Applied Marin
4、e Research), Italy International Tanker Owners Federation mPF), United Kingdom Maritime New Zealand, New Zealand lkport Canada Aerial Surveillance Program Rykswaterstaat, North Sea Directorate, Netherlands Preface The Manual on Chemical Pollution currently has two sections. Section 1, Problem Assess
5、ment and Response Arrangements, was first published in 1987 and revised in 1999. The present publication, Section 2, was prepared by the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the Interna- tional Maritime Organization (IMO), and provides guidance to Governments on search and recovery proc
6、edures for packaged goods lost at sea to which the provisions of chapter VI1 of SOLAS 1974, as amended, and Annex I11 of MARPOL, as amended, apply. priority should be given to all measures that can reasonably be taken to avoid the loss overboard of packages containing dangerous goods and harmful sub
7、stances. However, the possibility of such loss can never be totally excluded. Search and Recovery of Packaged Goods Lost at Sea describes the fate of such packages and related options for response, and gives guidelines on how to decide whether the packages should be recovered. Problems related to oi
8、l pollution casualties and related information are specifically addressed in the IMO Manual on Oil Pollution, Sections I to VI. Expert advice on response to lost packages containing IMDG Code Class 7 (Radioactive material) should be obtained from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and ref
9、erence made to the IAEA Planning and Preparing for Emergency Response to Transport Accidents Involving Radioactive Materials Safety Guide TS-G-1.2. iii Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Chapter 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Chapter 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary of regulations and arrangements relating to the carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form Principal IMO Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11、 . . . . . Further information on the transport of dangerous goods by sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reporting of movement of packaged dangerous goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reporting loss of packages containing dangerous goods or marine pollutants . .
12、 . . . . . . . . . Loss and fate of packages ?Slpes of packaged goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Circumstances under which packaged goods may be lost at sea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fate of lost packaged goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Notificati
13、on and warnings by coastal States . . . . . . . Location of packaged goods lost at sea Assessing probable location of packaged goods . . . . . Search procedure for floating packaged goods . . . . . Locating packages at the sea surface . . . . . . . . . . . . Locating sunken packages . . . . . . . .
14、. . . . . . . . . . . . Locating packages on the shore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V Previous page is blank Page 1 3 4 8 8 9 11 11 12 15 19 19 20 21 22 Manual on Chemical Pollution. Section 2 Chapter 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Chapter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Chapter 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Annex Identifi
15、cation and hazard assessment Factors to be considered . Marking and labelling of packages and placarding of cargo transport units Hazard assessment . Sources of information on hazards Actions to be taken for the recovery of packaged goods . Risk assessment of recovery operations Inspection of packag
16、es . Methods of package recovery Storage and disposal of recovered packages . Methods of responding to located packages Environmental monitoring where packages for purposes other than recovery have leaked or are suspected of leaking . Explosives (IMDG Code. class 1) Introduction Types of explosives
17、. Hazards . Accidental recovery . Response to the reported loss of explosives Labels. Marks and Signs Page 25 26 26 28 31 31 34 37 37 38 41 41 42 44 45 47 vi Chapter 1 Introduction Section 1 of this Manual, Problem Assessment and Response Arrangements, was first issued in 1987 and revised in 1999. I
18、t provides guidance to Governments on ways of assessing hazards associated with spills of harmful substances other than oil and of setting up response organizations. It also describes safe operational practice in spillage response and appropriate training. Section 2, Search and Recovery of Packaged
19、Goods Lost at Sea, should be read in conjunction with Section 1. Its aim is to assist Governments in making decisions on search and recovery so that an appropriate and safe response can be made which minimizes damage to the environment and hazard to human health. Chapter 2 of this Section provides i
20、nformation on the principal IMO Conventions that relate to the carriage of dangerous goods as packaged goods. The major portion of the chapter describes the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code), together with the Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods (Em
21、s Guide) and the Medical First Aid Guide for Use in Accidents Involuing Dangerous Goods (MFAG). It also contains a description of incident reporting systems. Chapter 3 describes the ways in which packaged goods may be lost at sea, their subsequent fate and the notifications and warnings that should
22、be made. Chapter 4 deals with locating packaged goods that have been lost at sea. The techniques and approaches that are required depends on the location of the lost packages, i.e., on the sea surface or on the sea-bed. Chapter 5 deals with the identification of lost packaged goods that have been lo
23、cated and the means for assessing the hazards presented by them. Chapter 6 deals with the actions that need to be taken for the recovery of packaged goods. These include conducting a risk assessment for the recovery operation, alternative methods of package recovery depending on the location of the
24、packages and alternatives to recovery. 1 Manual on Chemical Pollution, Section 2 Chapter 7 addresses the particular types and hazards associated with hazard class 1 explosives, under the IMDG Code, and the particular considerations associated with their accidental recovery and response to the report
25、ing of their loss. 2 Chapter 2 Summary of regulations and arrangements relating to the carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form 2.1 Principal IMO Conventions Several IMO Conventions refer to the carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form. 2.1.1 Regulation 3 of part A of chapter VI1 of the Inte
26、rnational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS 1974), as amended, requires that the carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form by sea shall be in compliance with the relevant provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code). International Conventionfor the
27、 Safety ofLve at Sea (SOLAS 1974), as amended 2.1.2 MARPOL Annex III Some cargoes, if accidentally lost at sea, could cause environmental pollution to such a degree that action may need to be taken to avoid such an occurrence or to minimize the consequences thereof. MARPOL Annex 111 contains regulat
28、ions for the prevention of pollution by harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form. These regulations lay down general principles of packing, marking, labelling, documentation, stowage and pollution criteria for the transport of environmentally harmful substances (marine pollutants). The reg
29、ulations identify marine pollutants so that they could be packed and stowed on board ship in such a way as to minimize accidental pollution, as well as to aid identification, by using clear marks to distinguish them from other, less harmful, cargoes. 2.1.3 Hazardous and Noxious Substances The HNS Co
30、nvention, which is not yet in force, applies to claims, other than claims arising out of any contract for the carriage of goods and passengers, for damage arising out of the carriage of hazardous and noxious substances by sea. The scope of potential damage, the materials involved, the liability of (
31、HNS) Convention 1996 3 Manual on Chemical Pollution, Section 2 various parties and the arrangements regarding the compensation fund and contributing cargoes are described. 2.1.4 OPRC-HNS Z+OtOCOl (2000) The HNS Protocol 2000 to the OPRC Convention of 1990 applies to preparedness, response and co-ope
32、ration to marine pollution incidents involving hazardous and noxious substances. It provides a framework for preparedness and response at national and regional levels and a platform for co-operation amongst Member States for marine pollution incidents involving hazardous and noxious substances, whic
33、h may pose a threat to the marine environment or to the coastline or related interests of one or more States. 2.2 International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) Recommendation 56 adopted by the International Conference on Safety of Life at Sea, 1960, invited the Organization to undertake a
34、study with a view to establishing a unified international code for the carriage of dangerous goods by sea. The IMDG Code was first introduced in 1965 and it has been progressively modified in step with scientific and technological develop ments. It contains regulations for dangerous goods and marine
35、 pollutants and applies to all ships, including ships of less than 500 gross tons, carrying dangerous goods in packaged form. 2.2.1 Classiftcation Dangerous goods are divided in the IMDG Code into the following United Nations (UN) hazard classes: Class 1 - Explosives Division 1.1 Substances and arti
36、cles which have a mass explosion hazard Division 1.2 Substances and articles which have a projection hazard but not a mass explosion hazard Division 1.3 Substances and articles which have a fire hazard and either a minor blast hazard or both but not a mass explosion hazard Division 1.4 Substances an
37、d articles which present no significant hazard Division 1.5 Very insensitive substances which have a mass explosion hazard Division 1.6 Extremely insensitive articles which do not have a mass explosion hazard 4 Chapter 2 - Caniage of dangerous goods in packaged form Class 2 - Gases Class 2.1 Flammab
38、le gases Class 2.2 Non-flammable, non-toxic gases Class 2.3 Toxic gases Class 3 - Flammable liquids Class 4 - Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases Class 4.1 Flammable solids, self-reactive substances and Class 4.
39、2 Class4.3 Substances which, in contact with water, emit desensitized explosives Substances liable to spontaneous combustion flammable gases Class 5 - Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides Class 5.1 Oxidizing substances Class 5.2 Organic peroxides Class 6 - Toxic and infectious substances Class
40、 6.1 Toxic substances Class 6.2 Infectious substances Class 7 - Radioactive material Class 8 - Corrosive substances Class 9 - Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles Each of these classes has a distinctive label (see annex) and other information referring to individual substances and the haz
41、ards that they may present. The IMDG Code also contains provisions which deal with the packing, identification, marking, labelling and placarding of dangerous goods, the documents which are to be provided, stowage and segregation requirements and the carriage of explosives on board passenger ships.
42、All substances, materials and articles which appear in the Dangerous Goods List of the IMDG Code are also listed, in alphabetical order, in the index of the Code, which gives the products hazard class and UN number. Substances identified as marine pollutants are indicated as such in the index. Altho
43、ugh designed primarily for mariners, the provisions of the IMDG Code provide guidance to chemical manufacturers, exporters, shippers and handlers and transport services from manufacturer to user. It should be noted that the classification and labelling of substances transported in packaging or as pa
44、ckages are generally subject to two types 5 Manual on Chemical Pollution. Section 2 of regulations. One set of regulations will govern their transport, i.e., the IMDG Code, while the other will be the occupational health and safety regulations governing their usage at the national and/or regional le
45、vel, such as within the European Union, for example. A substance may be classified as requiring a hazard label for use, but not for transport, and vice versa. Port authorities also consult the IMDG Code for guidance on segregating dangerous substances in loading, discharge and storage areas. 2.2.2 P
46、ackaging Chapter 4.1 of the IMDG Code contains information on the use of packaging, including intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and large pack- aging and chapter 6.1 of the IMDG Code contains provisions on the construction and testing of packaging. For packing purposes, substances other than those
47、 covered by classes 1 (explosives), 2 (gases), 5.2 (organic peroxides), 6.2 (infectious substances) and 7 (radioactive material) and other self-reactive substances of class 4.1 are assigned to three packaging groups according to the degree of danger they present, i.e: - Packing Group I: substances p
48、resenting high danger - Packing Group 11: substances presenting medium danger - Packing Group 111: substances presenting low danger The packing group to which a substance is assigned is indicated in the Dangerous Goods List in chapter 3.2 of the IMDG Code and has an impact on the detailed requiremen
49、ts for the construction of and performance testing on types of standard packaging and packages ready for shipment. 2.2.3 No matter how closely regulations are followed, there is always the danger that an incident may lead to an emergency. In response to a request that advice on emergency response procedures be made available to those concerned with the carriage of dangerous goods, the Organization developed group emergency schedules for all substances, materials and articles covered by the IMDG Code. These appear in the Emergency Response Procedures for Ships Canying Dangerous Goods (Ems
