1、 IAMSARINTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE MANUALVOLUME IORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT2010 EDITIONincorporating amendments through 2009IMO/ICAOLondon/Montreal, 2010MANUALPublished jointly in 2010 by theINTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, United
2、 Kingdomwww.imo.organd theINTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 5H7Eighth edition 2010Printed in the United Kingdom by CPI Books Limited, Reading RG1 8EXISBN 978-92-801-1515-4IMO PUBLICATIONIMO sales number: IG960ECopyright # IMO/ICAO 2010All ri
3、ghts reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmittedin any form or by any means,without prior permission in writing from theInternational Maritime Organization orthe International Civil Aviation Organization.ContentsForeword vAbbreviations and Acron
4、yms viiGlossary . ixChapter 1 General System Concept1.1 Establishing Services. 1-11.2 Benefits of Services 1-11.3 Legal Basis for Services 1-21.4 Basic System Functions 1-21.5 System Management and Support 1-31.6 The Global Concept 1-41.7 National and Regional Systems. 1-41.8 SAR and the 1949 Geneva
5、 Conventions and their Additional Protocols. 1-5Chapter 2 System Components2.1 SAR as a System 2-12.2 Communications 2-12.3 Rescue Co-ordination Centres 2-32.4 Rescue Sub-Centres . 2-82.5 SAR Facilities. 2-82.6 On-scene Co-ordinator and Aircraft Co-ordinator 2-92.7 Support Facilities 2-10Chapter 3 T
6、raining, Qualification, Certification and Exercises3.1 Building Professionalism. 3-13.2 Training Specifics. 3-23.3 Exercises 3-5Chapter 4 Communications4.1 Introduction. 4-14.2 Basic Functions and Requirements 4-14.3 Important Factors for SAR Communications 4-24.4 Mobile Equipment . 4-44.5 Land-Base
7、d Infrastructure . 4-54.6 Supplemental Capabilities 4-84.7 MEDICO Communications. 4-94.8 Radio call signs for aircraft . 4-9iiiChapter 5 System Management5.1 Understanding the SAR System 5-15.2 Planning Processes. 5-25.3 Organization . 5-45.4 Resources 5-85.5 Leadership and Operations 5-115.6 System
8、 Assessment 5-115.7 Dealing with the Media . 5-13Chapter 6 Improving Services6.1 Managing for Success 6-16.2 Reducing System Problems 6-26.3 Applying Risk Management 6-26.4 Co-operating to Improve Services. 6-36.5 Reducing Response Time. 6-46.6 Mass Rescue Operations 6-76.7 Research and Development
9、. 6-76.8 Other Factors 6-7Appendix A Sample Legislation Establishing a SAR OrganizationAppendix B Supply Colour Coding and PictogramsAppendix C Sources for SAR AssistanceAppendix D Information SourcesAppendix E False AlertsAppendix F Alerting and Locating Capability Preferences for New Mobile Satell
10、iteSystems Used for Distress Alerting; Search and Rescue and Disaster SupportCapabilities Matrix for Commercial Mobile Satellite Services (CMSS) inthe Post-Alerting PhaseAppendix G Mobile Communication ServicesAppendix H National Self-Assessment on Search and RescueAppendix I SAR AgreementsAppendix
11、J Sample Terms of Reference for a SAR Co-ordinating CommitteeAppendix K Model Agreement for the Division of Responsibility between the SAR Authorityand the Air Traffic Services Provider in Providing Emergency Response Servicesfor AircraftAppendix L Applying Risk Management Principles to Assess SAR R
12、esponseand SAR System PerformanceAppendix M National Responsibilities of Contracting States under International ConventionsAppendix N Sample Contract between RCC and TMAS for the Provision of Medical Advice andAssistance to Masters of Ships at SeaIndexivContents2008 amendment: highlighted text appli
13、es as from 1 June 2009ForewordThe primary purpose of the three volumes of the International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual(IAMSAR Manual) is to assist States in meeting their own search and rescue (SAR) needs, and the obligations theyaccepted under the Convention on International
14、 Civil Aviation, the International Convention on Maritime Searchand Rescue and the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). These volumes provideguidelines for a common aviation and maritime approach to organizing and providing SAR services. States areencouraged to develop and
15、 improve their SAR services, co-operate with neighbouring States and to consider theirSAR services to be part of a global system.Each volume of the IAMSAR Manual is written with specific SAR system duties in mind, and can be used as a stand-alone document, or, in conjunction with the other two Manua
16、ls, as a means to attain a full view of the SAR system.The Organization and Management volume (volume I) discusses the global SAR system concept, establishment andimprovement of national and regional SAR systems and co-operation with neighbouring States to provide effectiveand economical SAR service
17、s;The Mission Co-ordination volume (volume II) assists personnel who plan and co-ordinate SAR operations andexercises; andThe Mobile Facilities volume (volume III) is intended to be carried aboard rescue units, aircraft, and vessels to helpwith performance of a search, rescue, or on-scene co-ordinat
18、or function and with aspects of SAR that pertain to theirown emergencies.Organization and Management ManualChapter 1 presents an overview of the SAR concept, including what is involved in providing SAR services, and whysuch services are required and beneficial. The SAR system is examined from a glob
19、al, regional and nationalperspective.Chapter 2 introduces some of the key components of the SAR system. These include communications, rescue co-ordination centres and sub-centres, operational and support facilities and the on-scene co-ordinator.Chapter 3 considers the use of training, qualification,
20、 and certification processes to develop professionallycompetent SAR personnel. A number of aspects of training and of exercises used for training, are examined in detail.Chapter 4 describes the communications needs of the SAR organization for reception of distress alerts and forsupporting effective
21、co-ordination among the various components of the SAR system.Chapter 5 provides an overall management perspective of the SAR system.Chapter 6 discusses the necessary factors and recommends some techniques for creating an organizationalenvironment that fosters improvement of services.This Manual is p
22、ublished jointly by the International Civil Aviation Organization and the International MaritimeOrganization. It has been updated from earlier editions by including the amendments that were adopted by theseventy-fourth session of the IMO Maritime Safety Committee in June 2001 (which entered into for
23、ce on1 July 2002), by the seventy-fifth session in May 2002 (which entered into force on 1 July 2003), by the seventy-seventh session in June 2003 (which entered into force on 1 July 2004), by the seventy-eighth session in May 2004(which entered into force on 1 July 2005), by the eightieth session i
24、n May 2005 (which entered into force on 1 June2006), by the eighty-first session in May 2006 (which entered into force on 1 June 2007) and by the eighty-thirdsession in October 2007 (which entered into force on 1 June 2008).This new edition includes the 2008 amendments, adopted by the eighty-fifth s
25、ession of the IMO Maritime SafetyCommittee in NovemberDecember 2008, which entered into force on 1 June 2009. The amendments wereprepared by the ICAO/IMO Joint Working Group on Harmonization of Aeronautical and Maritime Search andRescue at its fourteenth session, in September 2007, and were endorsed
26、 by the IMO Sub-Committee onRadiocommunications and Search and Rescue (COMSAR) at its twelfth session, in April 2008. It should be notedthat volume I was not amended in 2009.vAbbreviations and AcronymsA/C .aircraftACC . area control centreACO .aircraft co-ordinatorAES .aeronautical earth stationAFN
27、.aeronautical fixed networkAFTN .aeronautical fixed telecommunications networkAIP .Aeronautical Information PublicationAIS aeronautical information servicesAM . amplitude modulationAMS aeronautical mobile serviceAMS(R)S aeronautical mobile satellite (route) serviceAMSS. aeronautical mobile satellite
28、 serviceAmver automated mutual-assistance vessel rescueANC Air Navigation CommissionARCC aeronautical rescue co-ordination centreARSC aeronautical rescue sub-centreATC .air traffic controlATN . aeronautical telecommunications networkATS air traffic servicesCES coast earth stationCospas Space System
29、for Search of Vessels in DistressCRS coast radio stationC/S . call signCW continuous waveDF direction findingDME .distance measuring equipmentDRU . desert rescue unitDSC .digital selective callingELT emergency locator transmitterEPIRBemergency position-indicating radio beaconFIC .flight information
30、centreFIR .flight information regionFM . frequency modulationGES ground earth stationGHz gigahertzGLONASS .Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite SystemGMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety SystemGNSSGlobal Navigation Satellite SystemsGPS .global positioning systemHF . high frequencyICAO .Internat
31、ional Civil Aviation OrganizationIFR instrument flight rulesILS instrument landing systemIMC instrument meteorological conditionsIMO International Maritime OrganizationIMSOInternational Mobile Satellite OrganizationInmarsat.Satellite communication serviceprovider for the GMDSSINS .inertial navigatio
32、n systemITU International Telecommunication UnionJRCC joint (aeronautical and maritime)rescue co-ordination centrekHz kilohertzLES land earth stationLUT local user terminalMCC.mission control centreMF medium frequencyMHz megahertzMMSI maritime mobile service identityMRCC maritime rescue co-ordinatio
33、n centreMRO.mass rescue operationMRSC maritime rescue sub-centreMRU.mountain rescue unitMSI maritime safety informationNBDP.narrow-band direct printingNM .nautical mileNOTAM notice to airmenOSC on-scene co-ordinatorOSV offshore supply vesselPLB personal locator beaconPRU parachute rescue unitR ARCC
34、or MRCC will be used as thecontext warrants.Rescue sub-centre (RSC) A unit subordinate to a rescue co-ordination centre established to complementthe latter according to particular provisions of the responsible authorities.Note: The term RSC will be used within this Manual except where it appliesonly
35、 to aeronautical or maritime; ARSC or MRSC will then be used.xGlossarySafetyNET A service of Inmarsat enhanced group call (EGC) system specifically designedfor promulgation of maritime safety information (MSI) as a part of the GlobalMaritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS).Search An operation, no
36、rmally co-ordinated by a rescue co-ordination centre orrescue sub-centre, using available personnel and facilities to locate persons indistress.Search and rescue co-ordinatingcommunicationsCommunications necessary for the co-ordination of facilities participating in asearch and rescue operation.Sear
37、ch and rescue co-ordinator(SC)One or more persons or agencies within an Administration with overallresponsibility for establishing and providing SAR services and ensuring thatplanning for those services is properly co-ordinated.Search and rescue data provider(SDP)A source for a rescue co-ordination
38、centre to contact to obtain data to supportsearch and rescue operations, including emergency information fromcommunications equipment registration databases, ship reporting systemsand environmental data systems (e.g., weather or sea current).Search and rescue facility Any mobile resource, including
39、designated search and rescue units, used toconduct search and rescue operations.Search and rescue missionco-ordinator (SMC)The official temporarily assigned to co-ordinate response to an actual orapparent distress situation.Search and rescue plan A general term used to describe documents which exist
40、 at all levels of thenational and international search and rescue structure to describe goals,arrangements and procedures which support the provision of search andrescue services.Search and rescue point ofcontact (SPOC)Rescue co-ordination centres and other established and recognized nationalpoints
41、of contact which can accept responsibility to receive CospasSarsatalert data to enable the rescue of persons in distress.Search and rescue region (SRR) An area of defined dimensions, associated with a rescue co-ordination centre,within which search and rescue services are provided.Search and rescue
42、service The performance of distress monitoring, communication, co-ordination andsearch and rescue functions, including provision of medical advice, initialmedical assistance, or medical evacuation, through the use of public andprivate resources, including co-operating aircraft, vessels and other cra
43、ft andinstallations.Search and rescue sub-region(SRS)A specified area within a search and rescue region associated with a rescuesub-centre.Search and rescue unit (SRU) A unit composed of trained personnel and provided with equipment suitablefor the expeditious conduct of search and rescue operations
44、.Search object A ship, aircraft, or other craft missing or in distress or survivors or relatedsearch objects or evidence for which a search is being conducted.Telemedical assistance service A medical service permanently staffed by doctors qualified in conductingremote consultations and well versed i
45、n the particular nature of treatment onboard ship.xiGlossary2008 amendment: highlighted text applies as from 1 June 2009Uncertainty phase A situation wherein doubt exists as to the safety of an aircraft or a marinevessel, and of the persons on board.Unnecessary SAR alert (UNSAR) A message sent by an
46、 RCC to the appropriate authorities as a follow-up whenthe SAR system is unnecessarily activated by a false alert.Vessel A maritime craft.xiiGlossaryChapter 1General System Concept1.1 Establishing Services1.1.1 Every State recognizes the great importance of saving lives and the need to be directly i
47、nvolved in renderingaeronautical and maritime search and rescue (SAR) services to persons in distress. This Manual provides amanagers perspective on supporting SAR services under the framework of SAR initiatives sponsored by theInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International M
48、aritime Organization (IMO), twoagencies of the United Nations devoted to aeronautical and maritime transportation safety, respectively.1.1.2 With a focus on the humanitarian nature of their work, member States of ICAO and IMO co-operate todevelop and sponsor vital standards and recommendations, to p
49、rovide other types of assistance to States tohelp prevent and cope with distress situations and to facilitate international co-operation and co-ordinationon a daily basis.1.1.3 ICAO and IMO jointly developed this Manual to foster co-operation between themselves, betweenneighbouring States, and between aeronautical and maritime authorities. The goal of the Manual is to assistState authorities to economically establish effective SAR services, to promote harmonization of aeronauticaland maritime SAR services, and to
