1、MODEL COURBE -.- HULL AND STRUCTURAL SURVEYS 2004 Edition CL:;:- idium - Volume 2 Part B INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION MODEL COURSE 3.07 HULL AND STRUCTURAL SURVEYS 2004 Edition COMPENDIUM - VOLUME 2 PART B Model course developed under the IMO - IACS Programme INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATI
2、ON London, 2004 First published in 1992 by the INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR Revised edition 2004 Printed in the United Kingdom by lntype Libra 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 I IMOPUBLICATION 1 1 Sales number: TA307CE (2) I ISBN 92-801-4188-0 Copyright 0 IMO 2004 All
3、rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the International Maritime Organization.
4、ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This course on hull and structural surveys is based on material developed for IMO, under contract, by IACS. IMO expresses its sincere appreciation to IACS. COMPENDIUM CONTENTS In this Volume (Volume 2) Part 6: Inspection and Testing Procedures . 1 In Volume 1 Part A: Survey Requirem
5、ents, Method of Survey, Performance Eva I ua tion of Su uvey Results Acceptance and Tolerance Criteria Part C: Part D: Definitions and Terms Part E: Miscellaneous 0 Abbreviations Bibliography iii Part B Inspection and Testing Procedures Note: A number of representative inspection schemes and testing
6、 procedures have been selected here as a means of reference for the hull surveys of ships during construction and in service. The procedures chosen are limited and must be seen as very special aspects, generally embedded in the wider scope of classification requirements. Applicable and superimposed
7、on these procedures are construction rules, material requirements, detailed welding rules for assembly and special components, and the investigation of quality control conditions, as laid down in the relevant instruction of the Society concerned. Throughout the course such rules, requirements, guida
8、nce and practical survey instructions based on the requirements of Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK) are included and may differ to some extent from those of other Classification Societies andlor Administrations. 1 PART 801: GENERAL Table of Contents 01 GENERAL 5 01-01 STANDARD PROCEDURES TO BE FOLLOWED
9、 BY THE SURVEYOR . 5 01-02 BASIC DEFINITION 10 01 -03 lDENTlFlCATlON OF A SUBSTANDARD VESSEL 11 01 -04 PREPARATION FOR SURVEYS 1 1 01-05 SURVEYORS GLOSSARY 12 APPENDIX 1 (IACS REC72) 13 APPENDIX 2 (IACS REC82) 31 02 SURVEYS DURING CONSTRUCTION . 55 02-0 1 02-02 02-03 02-04 02-05 02-06 02-07 02-08 02
10、-09 02-1 0 02-1 1 02-1 2 02-1 3 02-14 02-1 5 02-16 02-1 7 02-1 8 APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX 4 APPENDIX 5 APPENDIX 6 APPENDIX 7 OBJECTIVE AND APPLICATION . 55 SURVEY AT ASSEMBLY PROCESSES 56 SURVEY OF HULL BLOCKS (ASSEMBLY UNIT) . 56 SURVEY OF RUDDER 58 INSPECTION RECORD FOR
11、 SHIPS UNDER CONSTRUCTION (HULL) . 55 SURVEY AT PROCESSES OF BLOCK LOADING 60 FINAL INSPECTION OF HULL CONSTRUCTION . 60 WATER-TIGHT TEST AND HYDROSTATIC TEST OF HULL PARTS .62 NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF WELDED JOINTS OF HULL . .64 PRESSURE TEST OF PIPES (HULL PART) . 64 RUDDER INSTALLATION . 65
12、DIMENSIONS 66 INSPECTION OF LOAD LINE MARKS AND DRAFT SCALES . 67 BILGE SUCTION TEST . 67 CLOSING APPLIANCES FOR VARIOUS OPENINGS 68 INSPECTION OF BULWARKS, GUARDRAILS, FREEING ARRANGEMENTS AND GANGWAYS . 69 INCLINING TEST 69 LOADING COMPUTER 69 KEEL ALIGNMENT/FLATNESS AND MEASUREMENTS OF PRINCIPAL
13、STABILITY INFORMATION, LOADING MANUAL AND INSPECTION RECORDS OF NEW CONSTRUCTION (HULL) 72 INVESTIGATION RECORD FOR QUALITY CONTROL CONDITION OF SHIPYARD 81 FIGURES 93 CHECK LIST FOR CLASSIFICATION SURVEY DURING CONSTRUCTION (HULL) . 102 IACS REQUIREMENT SI4 “TESTING PROCEDURES OF WATERTIGHT COMPART
14、MENTS 127 IACS RECOMMENDATION N0.20 “GUIDE FOR INSPECTION OF SHIP HULL WELDS . 135 lACS RECOMMENDATION N0.31 “/NCLINING TEST UNIFIED PROCEDURE” . 145 lACS RECOMMENDATION N0.48 “RECOMMENDATION ON LOADING INSTRUMENTS” . 150 3 Previous page is blank HULL AND STRUCTURAL SURVEYS 03 MAINTENANCE SURVEY. AS
15、SESSMENT AND REPAIR . 159 03-A GUIDANCE FOR CLASS MAINTENANCE SURVEYS 159 03A-0 1 . 03A-02 . 03A.03 . 03A.04 . 03A.05 . 03A.06 . TABLE 1 FIGURE 1 TABLE 1-1 TABLE 2 TABLE 3 TABLE 4 APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX 4 SURVEY APPLICATION 159 PREPARATION FOR SURVEY . 159 ATTENDANCE To SURVEYS 16
16、0 SURVEY ITEMS . 161 ENHANCED SURVEY PROGRAMME 162 CLASS SURVEY (SS. IS. AS) 164 SUSPECT AREA examples are given in the list below. This list is not exhaustive but is intended to give examples of major deficiencies for each statutory convention or code. List of Major Deficiencies To assist the surve
17、yor, the following list, grouped under relevant conventions, indicates those deficiencies which may be considered of such a serious nature as to be categorized as major deficiencies. (List of major deficiencies under MARPOL Convention, Chemical Code and Gas Code are excluded as they are not covered
18、by this Model Course) SOLAS Convention 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Failure of proper operation of propulsion and other essential machinery, as well as electrical installations. Excess amount of oily-water mixture in bilges, insulation of piping, including exhaust pipes in engine room contaminated by
19、oil, and improper operation of bilge pumping arrangements. Failure of proper operation of emergency generator, lighting, batteries, and switches. Failure of proper operation of the main and auxiliary steering gear. Absence, insufficient capacity or serious deterioration of personal life-saving appli
20、ances, survival craft and launching arrangements. Absence, non-compliance, or substantial deterioration to the extent that it cannot comply with its intended use of fire detection system, fire alarms, fire-fighting equipment, fixed fire extinguishing installations, ventilation valves, fire dampers,
21、and quick-closing devices. Absence, substantial deterioration or failure of proper operation of the cargo deck area fire protection on tankers. Absence, non-compliance or serious deterioration of lights, shapes, or sound signals. Absence or failure of the proper operation of the radio equipment for
22、distress and safety communication. I 8 PART BO1: GENERAL 10. Absence or failure of the proper operation of navigation equipment, 11. Absence of corrected navigational charts, and/or all other relevant nautical publications necessary for the intended voyage, taking into account that electric charts m
23、ay be used as a substitute for the charts. 12. Absence of non-sparking exhaust ventilation for cargo pump rooms. 13. Failure of the proper operation of inert gas system. Load Line Convention 1. 2. 3. 4. Significant areas of damage or corrosion, or pitting of plating and associated stiffening in deck
24、s and hull affecting fitness to proceed or strength to take local loads, unless properly authorized temporary repairs for a voyage to a port for permanent repairs have been carried out. A recognized case of insufficient stability. The absence of sufficient and reliable stability information, in an a
25、pproved form. Absence, substantial deterioration, or defective closing devices, hatch closing arrangements, and watertightlweathertight doors. 9 HULL AND STRUCTURAL SURVEYS 01-02 Basic Definition 1 For the application of SOLAS: the expression ships constructed means ships the keel of which are laid
26、or which are at a similar stage of construction. the term a similar stage of construction means the stage at which: 1. (a) construction identifiable with a specific ship begins; and 2. (b) assembly of that ship has commenced comprising at least 50 tonnes or one per cent of the estimated mass of all
27、structural materials, which is less. In connection with the application of amendments to SOLAS “Date on which keel was laid”, etc. is to be determined according to the followings. 1. 2. 3. I 4. “Date on which keel was laid”, etc. should be confirmed in a building site according to the following -3.
28、or -4. This confirmation should be recorded by, for example, signedktamped shipyards application slips which are duly storedlpreserved together with relevant survey records. “Date on which keel was laid” means only the date on which keel of the ship in question is actually laid down on a slip-way. I
29、t is not applicable in general to the ships constructed by “block assembly”. “A similar stage of construction” means the stage when construction identifiable with a specific ship begins, and assembly of that ships structure comprising of at least in total 50 tons or one per cent of the estimated mas
30、s of all structural material, whichever is less, has been almost completed in a slip-way, dock, assembly shop, etc. The column for “keel laid” in Particular of Ship, Survey Record, etc. should be filled with the above date in cases where statutory certificates (SC, SE, SR, IOPP/suppl., IBC, BCH, IGC
31、, etc.) with “date on which keel was laid” and “a similar stage of construction” are issued, or the said date determines whether the amended rules are to be applied or not. 2 Date of Build (IACS Procedural Requirements No.11) The Class Certificate and the Societys Register of Ships shall indicate th
32、e Date of Build as defined below: For New Construction The year and month at which the new construction survey process is completed shall be specified as the “Date of Build”. Where there is substantial delay between completion of construction survey process and the ship commencing active service, th
33、e date of commissioning may be also specified. 10 PART BO1: GENERAL After Modifications After modifications are completed, the “Date of Build” shall remain assigned to the ship. Where a complete replacement or addition of a major portion of the ship (eg forward section, after section, main cargo sec
34、tion) is involved, the following shall apply: the “Date of Build associated with each major portion of the ship shall be indicated; survey requirements shall be based on the “Date of Build” associated with each major portion of the ship; survey due dates may be aligned at the discretion of each Soci
35、ety. 0 0 0 01 -03 Identification of a Substandard Vessel IMO Resolution A.787(19) as amended by Res.A.882(21) states that a ship can be regarded as substandard if the hull, machinery, equipment, or operational safety, is substantially below the standards required by the relevant conventions or whose
36、 crew is not in conformance with the safe manning document, owing to, inter alia: 1. the absence of principal equipment or arrangement required by the conventions; 2. non-compliance of equipment or arrangement with relevant specifications of the conventions; 3. substantial deterioration of the ship
37、or its equipment because of, for example, poor maintenance; 4. insufficiency of operational proficiency, or unfamiliarity of essential operational procedures by the crew; and 5. insufficiency of manning or insufficiency of certification of seafarers. If these evident factors as a whole or individual
38、ly make the ship unseaworthy and would put at risk the ship or the life of persons on board or present an unreasonable threat of harm to the marine environment if it were allowed to proceed to sea, it should be regarded as a substandard ship. 01-04 Preparation for Surveys 1. Safe conduct of Surveys
39、It is essential for surveyors to pay sufficient attention to the matters on safe conduct of surveys, and also, the person responsible for safety (General manager, Manager) at Survey Offices to which surveyors belong is to pay special attention to the precautionary points as mentioned in -1. to -4. b
40、elow for making sure of the surveyors. 1. 2. 3. Periodical education for surveyors regarding safety Periodical investigation of manufacturers, shipyards, etc. in the territory regarding the safety management related to survey execution Meetings on request made to a person responsible for safety in t
41、he manufacturers, shipyards, etc. , for corrective/preventive actions taken HULL AND STRUCTURAL SURVEYS resulting from observations of poor preparation for surveys with regard to safety management Measures such as a report to the Survey Department, an advice for surveyors of attention and a rejectio
42、n of surveyors attendance, if necessary, in cases where the above requests are not accepted and it is judged that the danger is serious and not eliminated. 4. 2. Surveys on “Cherry-picker” When a “cherry-picker” is used in surveys, its construction and inspection/maintenance standards are to be in a
43、ccordance with the safety standards prescribed by a recognized national organization. When compliance of a “cherry-picker” with such standards is not ascertained, instructions from the Head Office of the Society are to be observed for the construction and inspection/maintenance standards. In practic
44、e, the standards for operation within the cage are to be observed, paying careful attention to ensuring operational safety. 3. IACS Confined Space Safe Practice Reference is made to IACS Recommendation No.72 “Confined Space Safe Practice” shown in Appendix 1. 01-05 Surveyors Glossary Reference is ma
45、de to IACS Recommendation No.82 “Surveyors Glossary, Hull Terms Rec. 20001Rev. 1 2003 I 24 PART BOl : GENERAL Rec. No. 72 3. NOISE Noise within a confined space can be amplified by the design and acoustic properties of the space. Excessive noise can not only damage hearing, but can also affect commu
46、nication, such as causing a shouted warning to go unheard. 4. SLICKNET SURFACES Slips and falls can occur on a wet surface causing injury or death to workers. Also, a wet surface will increase the likelihood for and effect of electric shock in areas where electrical circuits, equipment, and tools ar
47、e used. 5. FALLING OBJECTS Workers in confined spaces should be mindful of the possibility of falling objects, particularly in space which have topside opening for entry, and where work is being done above the worker. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) PPE is traditionally regarded as the last line
48、 of protection with the emphasis being place on avoidance and appropriate managerial control methods. However, the potentially hazardous nature and isolated position of those entering a confined space means that, for the surveyor, PPE may be the first line of protection. Each confined space will pre
49、sent different hazards and degrees of risk to health and safety, the final provision of PPE should therefore be based on an assessment of risk. As a general rule the following guidance is offered. Basic surveyor PPE should include: 0 Body protection (hard wearing overalls with suitable pockets for notebook etc). 0 Foot protection (steel toecaps (200 joules), steel midsoles, good grip, oil resistant). 0 Head protection (hard hat with chinstraps) 0 Hand protection (hard wearing gloves). 0 Eye protection (protective glasses, goggles). Ear protection (ear defenders or ear plugs - w
