ISA CNTRL SYS DOCMNT-2004 Control Systems Documentation Applying Symbols and Identification (Second Edition).pdf

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1、CONTROL SYSTEM DOCUMENTATIONApplying Symbols and Identification 2nd Editionfront of book.qxd 9/1/04 4:47 PM Page Ifront of book.qxd 9/1/04 4:47 PM Page IIby Thomas McAvinew and Raymond Mulley CONTROL SYSTEMDOCUMENTATIONApplying Symbols and Identification 2nd Editionfront of book.qxd 9/1/04 4:47 PM P

2、age IIICMYCMMYCYCMYK8_06_new_title.pdf 8/25/2006 2:49:49 PMNotice The information presented in this publication is for the general education of the reader. Becauseneither the author nor the publisher have any control over the use of the information by thereader, both the author and the publisher dis

3、claim any and all liability of any kind arising out ofsuch use. The reader is expected to exercise sound professional judgment in using any of the infor-mation presented in a particular application. Additionally, neither the author nor the publisher have investigated or considered the affect ofany p

4、atents on the ability of the reader to use any of the information in a particular application. The reader is responsible for reviewing any possible patents that may affect any particular use ofthe information presented. Any references to commercial products in the work are cited as examples only. Ne

5、ither the authornor the publisher endorses any referenced commercial product. Any trademarks or trade namesreferenced belong to the respective owner of the mark or name. Neither the author nor the pub-lisher makes any representation regarding the availability of any referenced commercial product ata

6、ny time. The manufacturers instructions on use of any commercial product must be followed atall times, even if in conflict with the information in this publication. Copyright 2004 ISA The Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. 1

7、0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2ISBN 1-55617-896-4 (pbk.)No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any formor by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisher. ISA 67 Alexander Drive P.O. B

8、ox 12277 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataMulley, Raymond.Control system documentation : applying symbols and identification /by Raymond Mulley and Thomas McAvinew.- 2nd ed.p. cm.Includes index.ISBN 1-55617-896-4 (pbk.)1. Automatic control-Documentat

9、ion. I. McAvinew, Thomas. II. Title. TJ213.M745 2004629.8-dc222004013086IVfront of book.qxd 9/1/04 4:47 PM Page IVContents1 TOOLS OF COMMUNICATION 1Introduction: Symbols and Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Symbols, Identification, and Documentatio

10、n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 THE ELEMENTS OF SYMBOLISM 9Introduction: The Building Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Geometric Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273 THE ELEMENTS OF IDENTIFICATION 29Introduction: Building Block Names .

14、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Basic Identification (Tag Numbers) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Functional Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Legitimate Function Designators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Parallel and Serial Loop Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39Questions . . . . . . . .

17、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .404 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS 43Introduction: Know the Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43Purpose of the Process F

18、low Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Utility to Control Systems Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44Development of the PFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Content of the PFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46Style of the PFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、 . . . . . . . . .47Instrumentation Shown on the PFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47Specific PFD Equipment Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66Vfront of book.qxd 9/1/04 4:47 PM Page V5 S

22、TRUCTURED CONTROL CONCEPTS 67Introduction: Putting the Building Blocks Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Structured Control Concept Number One: Feedback Control . . . . . . . . . .68Structured Control Concept Number Two: Feedforward Control . . . . . . .70Structured Control Conce

23、pt Number Three: Decoupling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74Structured Control Concept Number Four: Cascade Control . . . . . . . . . . .74Structured Control Concept Number Five: Ratio Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76Structured Control Concept Number Six: Load Balancing . . . . . . . . . . .

24、 . . . .77Structured Control Concept Number Seven: Range Extending . . . . . . . . .77Structured Control Concept Number Eight: Redundant Loops . . . . . . . . .79Structured Control Concept Number Nine: Switched Controls . . . . . . . . .82Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .856 THE ENGINEERING FLOW DIAGRAM 87Introduction: Detailed F

26、low Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87What is an Engineering Flow Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94Engineering Flow Diagram Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27、 . . . . . . . .94How Much to Show? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101What to Do about Mechanical Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1047 LOOP DIAGRAMS 105Introduction: Not and O

29、pen and Closed Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105Purpose of the Loop Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105What Should Appear on the Loop Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106W

30、hat Not to Put on the Loop Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Size and Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Who Develops the Loop Diagram . . . . . . . . . . .

31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107Typical versus Individual Loop Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Examples of Loop Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108Summa

32、ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118VIfro

33、nt of book.qxd 9/1/04 4:47 PM Page VI8 LOGIC DIAGRAMS 121Introduction: AND, OR, NOT, Never, Maybe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121Two Phases Conceptualization and Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122Logic Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125Function Charts for Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136Execution Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1579 LADDER DIAGRAMS AND WIRING DIAGRAMS 159Introduction: The Electrical Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159Electrical Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160Drafting Symbols and Standard Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160Area Classification Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164One-Line Diagrams . . . . . . . .

38、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165Standard Installation Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167Grounding Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168Ladder Diagrams/Elementary Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .170Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

40、 . . . . .179Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18010 INSTALLATION DETAILS 181Introduction: Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41、 . .181Format and Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181Drawings by Categories of Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .204Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21211 MISCELLANEOUS DRAWINGS 215Introduction: The Remaining Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215Control Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215Location Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231VIIfront of book.qxd 9/1/04 4:47 PM Page VIIfront of book.q

46、xd 9/1/04 4:47 PM Page VIIIIllustrationsFigure Title Page #2-1 Steam engine governor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102-2 Pressure relief valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102-3 Panel-mounted devices . . . . . . . . . . . .

47、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102-4 Pneumatic signal line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102-5 Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102-6 Butterfly valve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

48、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112-7 Flow indicating controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112-8 Shared display control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112-9 SAMA Standard PMC 22.1 final element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49、 . . 122-10 ISA Standard 5.1 final element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122-11 Circle (“bubble“) as an instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132-12 Circle as a flag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142-13 Figure and instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142-14 General instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142-15 Normally accessible instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142-16 Not normally ac

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