1、 Recommendation ITU-R BS.1114-9 (06/2015) Systems for terrestrial digital sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the frequency range 30-3 000 MHz BS Series Broadcasting service (sound) ii Rec. ITU-R BS.1114-9 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure t
2、he rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the
3、Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Ann
4、ex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent
5、information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (telev
6、ision) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed ser
7、vice systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2015 ITU 201
8、5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R BS.1114-9 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R BS.1114-9 Systems for terrestrial digital sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the frequency range
9、 30-3 000 MHz (Question ITU-R 56/6) (1994-1995-2001-2002-2003-2004-2007-2011-2014-2015) Scope This Recommendation describes several systems for terrestrial digital sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the frequency range 30-3 000 MHz. The main features of each system, suc
10、h as source coding, channel coding, modulation, transmission structure and threshold levels to achieve good quality of service, are described. Keywords Digital Sound Broadcasting, DAB, ISDB-TSB, IBOC, DRM The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that there is an increasing interest worldw
11、ide for terrestrial digital sound broadcasting (DSB) to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the frequency range 30-3 000 MHz for local, regional and national coverage; b) that the ITU-R has already adopted Recommendations ITU-R BS.774 and ITU-R BO.789 to indicate the necessary requirements fo
12、r DSB systems to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers for terrestrial and satellite delivery, respectively; c) that Recommendations ITU-R BS.774 and ITU-R BO.789 recognize the benefits of complementary use of terrestrial and satellite systems, and call for a DSB system allowing for a common recei
13、ver with common processing very large scale integration (VLSI) circuits and manufacturing of low-cost receivers through mass production; d) that Digital System A described in Annex 2 meets all the requirements of Recommendations ITU-R BS.774 and ITU-R BO.789, and that the system has been field-teste
14、d and demonstrated in various frequency bands between 200 MHz and 1 500 MHz in a number of countries; e) that Digital System F described in Annex 3 meets the requirements of Recommendation ITU-R BS.774, and that the system has been field-tested and demonstrated in the 188-192 MHz and 2 535-2 655 MHz
15、 bands in more than one country; f) that Digital System C described in Annex 4 meets the requirements of Recommendation ITU-R BS.774, and that the system has been field-tested and demonstrated in the 88-108 MHz band; g) that Digital System G described in Annex 5 meets the requirements of Recommendat
16、ion ITU-R BS.774, and that the system with Mode E has been successfully field-tested and demonstrated in VHF Band I (47-68 MHz), in VHF Band II (87.5-108 MHz) and in VHF Band III (174-230 MHz); h) that at the 7th World Conference of Broadcasting Unions (Mxico, 27-30 April 1992), the World Broadcasti
17、ng Unions unanimously resolved: “1 that efforts should be made to agree on a unique worldwide standard for DAB and 2 Rec. ITU-R BS.1114-9 2 to urge administrations to give consideration to the benefits for the consumer of common source and channel coding and implementation of Digital Sound Broadcast
18、ing on a worldwide basis at 1.5 GHz;” i) that the MPEG-2 transport stream (MPEG-2 TS) is widely applied as containers of digitally coded information; j) that a standardization process in Europe has resulted in the adoption of Digital System A (Eureka 147 as an ETSI Standard ETS 300 401) for BSS (sou
19、nd) broadcasting sound to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers; k) that a standardization process in Japan has resulted in the adoption of Digital System F for integrated services digital broadcasting-terrestrial for sound broadcasting (ISDB-TSB) for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting system
20、to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers; l) that ISDB techniques can be used to implement services exploiting the full advantages of digital broadcasting, and that Recommendation ITU-R BT.1306 includes the ISDB-T system for digital terrestrial television broadcasting; m) that a standardization pr
21、ocess in the United States of America has resulted in the adoption of Digital System C (the IBOC system) as NRSC-5 for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers; n) that a standardization process in Europe has resulted in the adoption of Digital System G (DRM
22、as an ETSI Standard ES 201 980 3.1.1) for digital terrestrial sound broadcasting system to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers, noting a) that a summary of digital systems is presented in Annex 1; b) that the condensed system descriptions for Digital Systems A, C, F and G are given in Annexes 2,
23、 3, 4 and 5, respectively; c) that complete system descriptions of Digital Systems A, F and C are contained in the Digital Sound Broadcasting Handbook, recommends 1 that Digital Systems A, F, C and/or G, as described in Annexes 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively, should be used for terrestrial DSB services
24、 to vehicular, portable and fixed receivers in the frequency range 30-3 000 MHz; 2 that administrations that wish to implement terrestrial DSB services meeting some or all of the requirements as stated in Recommendation ITU-R BS.774, should use Table 1 to evaluate the respective merits of Digital Sy
25、stems A, F, C and G in selecting systems, invites the ITU membership and radio-receiver manufacturers to consider 1 economically viable, portable, multiband, multistandard radio receivers designed to work, through manual or preferably automatic selection, with all the different analogue and digital
26、radio broadcasting systems currently in use in all the relevant frequency bands; 2 digital radio receivers allowing downloading of upgrades for some of their specific functionalities, such as decoding, navigation, management capability etc.; 3 a simple indicator of the received RF field level and of
27、 the bit error rate. Rec. ITU-R BS.1114-9 3 TABLE 1 Performance of Digital Systems A, F, C and G evaluated on the basis of the recommended technical and operating characteristics listed in Recommendation ITU-R BS.774 Characteristics from Recommendation ITU-R BS.774 (condensed wording) Digital System
28、 A Digital System F Digital System C Digital System G Range of audio quality and types of reception Range is from 8 to 384 kbit/s per audio channel in increments of 8 kbit/s. MPEG-2 Layer II audio decoder typically operating at 192 kbit/s is implemented in receivers. The system is intended for vehic
29、ular, portable and fixed reception Range is from phone quality to CD quality. It is also capable of 5.1 multi-channel audio. MPEG-2 advanced audio coding (AAC) decoder typically operates at 144 kbit/s for stereo. The system is intended for vehicular, portable and fixed reception Range is from 12 kbi
30、t/s to 96 kbit/s using the HD Codec(1) decoder, including support of various formats of multichannel audio. The system is intended for vehicular(2), portable and fixed reception Range of the useful content bit rate is from 37-186 kbit/s for the whole multiplex ensemble with a maximum of four service
31、s in all modes. Using the MPEG-4 HE-AAC v2 audio decoder CD quality is achieved. It is also capable of 5.1 multichannel audio. The system is intended for vehicular, portable and fixed reception(3) Spectrum efficiency better than FM FM stereo quality achievable in less than 200 kHz bandwidth; co-chan
32、nel and adjacent channel protection requirements much less than those for FM. Efficiency is especially high in the case of repeaters reusing the same frequency. (Orthogonal multi-carrier modulation with convolution error correcting coding, coded orthogonal frequency division multiplex (COFDM) FM ste
33、reo quality achievable in less than 200 kHz bandwidth; co-channel and adjacent channel protection requirements much less than those for FM. Efficiency is especially high in the case of repeaters reusing the same frequency. It can be more effective by using 16/64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)
34、 carrier modulation. (Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) with concatenated block and convolutional error correcting coding) FM stereo quality and data achievable without additional spectrum; co-channel and adjacent channel protection requirements much less than those for FM. System is in
35、terleaved to mitigate first adjacent channel issues and is more robust in the presence of co-channel analogue digital interference FM stereo quality and data achievable within 100 kHz bandwidth; co-channel and adjacent channel protection requirements much less than those for FM. Further improvement
36、in the efficiency of spectrum use can be achieved by operating multiple transmitters on the same frequency (i.e. SFN single frequency network). Efficiency is especially high in the case of repeaters reusing the same frequency. It can be more efficient by using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM
37、) carrier modulation besides 4-QAM. (Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) with multilevel error correcting coding) 4 Rec. ITU-R BS.1114-9 TABLE 1 (continued) Characteristics from Recommendation ITU-R BS.774 (condensed wording) Digital System A Digital System F Digital System C Digital Syst
38、em G Performance in multipath and shadowing environments System is especially designed for multipath operation. It works on the basis of a power summation of echoes falling within a given time interval. This feature allows use of on-channel repeaters to cover terrain shadowed areas System is especia
39、lly designed for multipath environment. It works on the basis of a power summation of echoes falling within a given time interval. This feature allows the use of on-channel repeaters to cover terrain shadowed areas System is especially designed for multipath operation. It is OFDM modulated thereby a
40、chieving a high degree of performance in multipath. This feature allows the use of on-channel repeaters to cover terrain shadowed areas System is especially designed for multipath environment. It works on the basis of a power summation of echoes falling within a given time interval. This feature all
41、ows the use of on-channel repeaters to cover terrain shadowed areas Common receiver signal processing for satellite (S) and terrestrial (T) broadcasting Not applicable. Terrestrial only Not applicable. Terrestrial only Not applicable. Terrestrial only Not applicable. Terrestrial only Rec. ITU-R BS.1
42、114-9 5 TABLE 1 (continued) Characteristics from Recommendation ITU-R BS.774 (condensed wording) Digital System A Digital System F Digital System C Digital System G Reconfiguration and quality vs. number of programmes tradeoff Service multiplex is based on 64 sub-channels of capacity varying from 8
43、kbit/s to about 1 Mbit/s, depending on the error protection level, and is totally reconfigurable in a dynamic fashion. Each sub-channel can also contain an unlimited number of variable capacity data packet channels Multiplexing of payload data is based on MPEG-2 systems. Audio data rate can be selec
44、ted in any step in order to trade off programme audio quality against the number of services. Transmission parameters such as modulation and error correction are dynamically reconfigurable by transmission and multiplexing configuration control (TMCC) Content bit rate is up to 144 kbit/s. Bits can be
45、 dynamically re-allocated to audio or data using the HDC transport functionalities at the discretion of the broadcaster. Within that range, content multiplexing allows up to 8 audio programs and up to 32 data services. The receiver dynamically re-configures to match the transmission mode of operatio
46、n Service multiplex can support up to four streams, the capacity of which can vary according to broadcaster needs and is totally reconfigurable in a dynamic fashion. Each stream may carry audio or data content with the packet size configurable by the broadcaster to maximize efficiency. The receiver
47、dynamically reconfigures to match the transmission mode of operation Extent of coverage vs. number of programme trade-offs Five levels of protection for audio and eight levels of protection for data services are available through using punctured convolutional coding for each of the 64 sub-channels (
48、forward error correction (FEC) ranges from 1/4 to 3/4) Four kinds of modulation and five levels of protection are available. (Carrier modulation: differential quaternary phase shift keying (DQPSK), QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, coding rate: 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8) The system maintains uniform coverage for
49、all programs. Secondary carriers may have reduced range in presence of adjacent channel interference. (Carrier modulation: QPSK) Two kinds of modulation (4-QAM, 16-QAM) and different levels of protection (two levels for the SDC and four levels for the MSC) are available. Each stream may be dynamically configured. Forward error correction (FEC) ranges from 1/4 to 5/8) 6 Rec. ITU-R BS.1114-9 TABLE 1 (continued) Characteristics from Recommendation ITU-R BS.774 (condensed wording) Digital System A Digital System F Digital System C Digital System G Common receiver for different means of progr
