1、 Recommendation ITU-R F.1336-4(02/2014)Reference radiation patterns of omnidirectional, sectoral and other antennas for the fixed and mobile services for use in sharing studies in the frequency range from 400 MHz to about 70 GHzF SeriesFixed serviceii Rec. ITU-R F.1336-4 Foreword The role of the Rad
2、iocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The re
3、gulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for
4、ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-
5、T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (
6、sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination
7、between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electr
8、onic Publication Geneva, 2014 ITU 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R F.1336-4 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.1336-4*Reference radiation patterns of omnidirectional, sectoral and other antennas for
9、the fixed and mobile services for use in sharing studies in the frequency range from 400 MHz to about 70 GHz (Question ITU-R 242/5) (1997-2000-2007-2012-2014) Scope This Recommendation gives reference models of antennas used in the fixed service and in the mobile service. It gives peak and average p
10、atterns of omnidirectional and sectoral antennas in the frequency range 400 MHz to about 70 GHz, as well as of low gain directional antennas in the frequency range 1 GHz to about 3 GHz, to be used in sharing studies in the relevant frequency range. Keywords Fixed service, land mobile service, refere
11、nce radiation pattern, sectoral antenna, omni-directional antenna, peak side-lobe pattern, average side-lobe pattern The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that, for coordination studies and for the assessment of mutual interference between point-to-multipoint (P-MP) fixed wireless syst
12、ems (FWSs) or systems in the land mobile service (LMS), and between stations of such systems and stations of space radiocommunication services sharing the same frequency band, it may be necessary to use reference radiation patterns for FWS or LMS base station antennas; b) that, depending on the shar
13、ing scenario, it may be appropriate to consider the peak envelope or average side-lobe patterns in the sharing studies; c) that it may be appropriate to use the antenna radiation pattern representing average side-lobe levels in the following cases: to predict the aggregate interference to a geostati
14、onary or non-geostationary satellite from numerous fixed wireless stations or LMS base stations; to predict the aggregate interference to a fixed wireless station or LMS base stations from many geostationary satellites; to predict interference to a fixed wireless station or LMS base stations from on
15、e or more non-geostationary-satellites under continuously varying angles; in any other cases where the use of the radiation pattern representing average side-lobe levels is appropriate; d) that reference radiation patterns may be required in situations where information concerning the actual radiati
16、on pattern is not available; e) that the use of antennas with the best available radiation patterns will lead to the most efficient use of the radio-frequency spectrum; *This Recommendation should be brought to the attention of Radiocommunication Study Groups 4, 6 and 7. 2 Rec. ITU-R F.1336-4 f) tha
17、t at large angular distances from the main beam pattern gain may not fully represent the antenna emissions because of local ground reflections, noting that Recommendations ITU-R F.699 and ITU-R F.1245 give the peak and average reference patterns respectively, for directional antennas to be used in c
18、oordination studies and interference assessment in cases not referred to in recommends 1 to 4 below, recommends 1 that, in the absence of particular information concerning the radiation pattern of the P-MP FWS or LMS base station antenna involved (see Note 1), the reference radiation pattern as stat
19、ed below should be used for: 1.1 interference assessment between line-of-sight (LoS) P-MP FWSs or LMS base stations; 1.2 coordination studies and interference assessment between P-MP LoS FWSs or LMS base stations and other stations of services sharing the same frequency band; 2 that, in the frequenc
20、y range from 400 MHz to about 70 GHz, the following reference radiation patterns should be used in cases involving stations that use omnidirectional (in azimuth) antennas: 2.1 in the case of peak side-lobe patterns referred to in considering b), the following equations should be used for elevation a
21、ngles that range from 90 to 90 (see Annex 1): ()+=120for40036120for75038sskk(35) and s= 3 dB beamwidth of the sectoral antenna in the azimuthal plane (degrees) for an assumed exponential radiation intensity in azimuth and 3is the 3 dB beamwidth of the sectoral antenna in the elevation plane (degrees
22、). For omnidirectional antennas, it is proposed to use the following simplified equation to determine the 3 dB beamwidth in the elevation plane given the gain in dBi (see equation (23b): 01.03106.107G It is proposed to use, on a provisional basis, the following semi-empirical equation relating the g
23、ain of a sectoral antenna (dBi) to the 3 dB beamwidths in the elevation plane and the azimuthal plane, 28 Rec. ITU-R F.1336-4 where the sector is on the order of 120 or less and the 3 dB beamwidth in the elevation plane is less than about 45 (see equation (28a): sG01.031000031Further study is requir
24、ed to determine how to handle the transition region implicit in equation (35), and to determine the accuracy of these approximations as they apply to measured patterns of sectoral and omnidirectional antennas designed for use in P-MP radio-relay systems for bands in the range from 1 GHz to about 70
25、GHz. Annex 3 Procedure for determining the gain of a sectoral antenna at an arbitrary off-axis angle specified by an azimuth angle and an elevation angle referenced to the boresight of the antenna 1 Analysis The basic geometry for determining the gain of a sectoral antenna at an arbitrary off-axis a
26、ngle is shown in Fig. 17. It is assumed that the antenna is located at the centre of the spherical coordinate system; the direction of maximum radiation is along the x-axis; the x-y plane is the local horizontal plane; the elevation plane contains the z-axis; and, u0 is a unit vector whose direction is used to determine the gain of the sectoral antenna. In analysing sectoral antennas in particular, it is important to observe the range of validity of the azimuth and elevation angles: +9090 180180Also observe that the range of validity of the angle is + 9090
