1、 Rec. ITU-R F.1499 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.1499 RADIO TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR FIXED BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS BASED ON CABLE MODEM STANDARDS(Questions ITU-R 215/8 and ITU-R 140/9) (2000) Rec. ITU-R F.1499 CONTENTS Page Introduction. 3 Scope . 3 References 3 Definitions and abbreviations 6 Conventi
2、ons 11 Considerations. 11 Recommendation. 11 1 General system requirements 11 1.1 Service goals . 11 1.2 Reference architecture . 12 1.3 Categories of interface specification. 12 1.3.1 Phase 1. 12 1.3.2 Phase 2. 12 1.3.3 Phase 3. 12 1.3.4 Phase 4. 12 1.4 Server location. 14 2 Functional assumptions.
3、 14 2.1 BWA network . 14 2.2 Equipment assumptions . 14 2.2.1 Frequency plan . 14 2.2.2 Compatibility with other services 14 2.2.3 Fault isolation impact on other users . 14 2.3 RF channel assumptions. 14 2.3.1 Transmission upstream and downstream 15 2.4 Transmission levels . 15 2.5 Power control re
4、quirements 15 2.6 BER vs. S/N specifications. 15 2.7 Frequency inversion. 15 3 Communication protocols . 17 3.1 Protocol stack 17 3.1.1 BWA CPE and BWA BTS modems as hosts . 17 3.1.2 Data forwarding through the BWA CPE and BTS modems . 18 _ * This Recommendation is intended only for fixed BWA system
5、s based on ITU-T Recommendation J.112, Annex B Data over cable radio frequency interface. The Recommendation is complementary to ITU-T Recommendation J.116. This Recommendation and ITU-T Recommendation J.116 should be considered in their totality when implementing BWA systems. 2 Rec. ITU-R F.1499 Pa
6、ge 3.2 The MAC forwarder 21 3.2.1 Example rules for data-link-layer forwarding 22 3.3 Network layer 22 3.4 Above the network layer 22 3.5 Data link layer . 23 3.5.1 LLC sublayer 23 3.5.2 Link-layer security sublayer 23 3.5.3 MAC sublayer 23 3.6 PHY layer 24 3.6.1 Downstream transmission convergence
7、sublayer . 24 3.6.2 PMD sublayer. 24 4 PMD sublayer specification 24 4.1 Scope 24 4.2 Upstream. 25 4.2.1 Overview 25 4.2.2 Modulation formats 26 4.2.3 FEC encode 29 4.2.4 Scrambler (randomizer) 29 4.2.5 Preamble prepend . 29 4.2.6 Burst profiles 29 4.2.7 Burst timing convention 32 4.2.8 Transmit pow
8、er requirements 32 4.2.9 Fidelity requirements 34 4.2.10 Frame structure. 36 4.2.11 Signal processing requirements. 37 4.2.12 Upstream receiver input power characteristics. 37 4.2.13 Upstream electrical output from the BWA CPE modem. 38 4.3 Downstream 39 4.3.1 Downstream protocol 39 4.3.2 Scalable i
9、nterleaving to support low latency 39 4.3.3 Downstream frequency plan 39 4.3.4 BWA BTS output electrical 39 4.3.5 Downstream RF input to BWA CPE . 40 4.3.6 BWA CPE modem BER performance . 40 5 Downstream transmission convergence sublayer . 41 5.1 Introduction. 41 5.2 MPEG packet format . 42 5.3 MPEG
10、 header for BWA data-over-the-air. 42 5.4 MPEG payload for BWA data-over-the-air. 43 5.5 Interaction with the MAC sublayer. 43 5.6 Interaction with the PHY layer. 44 5.7 MPEG header synchronization and recovery 44 6 MAC specification 45 Annex 1 Data-over-BWA interface documents 45 Rec. ITU-R F.1499
11、3 Introduction Local access and other high density radio-relay service planning and system deployments have rapidly accelerated in the last few years in many countries. This acceleration is due in large part to the trend towards increased demand and competition in the provision of high bit-rate loca
12、l telecommunications and video distribution services. Because of cost and speed of deployment considerations, these developments are placing a major new focus on the provision of services directly to end users via fixed wireless access systems (FWA). Current broadband wireless access (BWA) data rate
13、s over individual circuit paths range from about 1.5 Mbit/s to about 45 Mbit/s, and are expected to reach at least 310 Mbit/s within the next few years, as radios utilizing higher order modulation schemes become available (see Recommendation ITU-R F.758). The variety of possible broadband FWA networ
14、k configurations includes: conventional point-to-point (P-P), conventional point-to-multipoint (P-MP), and combinations thereof, e.g. P-P systems deployed in multi-sectored P-MP configurations. High density deployment of independent P-P links similarly results in clusters that assume the essential c
15、haracteristics of P-MP deployment. An emerging system architecture is that of multipoint-to-multipoint (MP-MP), similar to mesh systems. These broadband FWA systems are predominantly deployed in dense urban, suburban, and campus environments where transmission path elevation angles may reach up to a
16、bout 40 to 60. Links are regularly deployed on an on-demand basis to meet specific end-user requirements as they develop. This Recommendation addresses fixed BWA systems, and this is based on ITU-T Recommendation J.112, Annex B Data over cable radio frequency interface. A number of frequency bands i
17、n the range 2.5-66 GHz can be appropriate for these systems. This and other systems, which may be addressed in other recommendations, belong to the category of multimedia wireless systems (MWS). MWS are wireless systems which support information exchange of more than one type, such as text, graphics
18、, voice, sound, image, data and video. This Recommendation is complementary to ITU-T Recommendation J.116. This Recommendation and ITU-T Recommendation J.116 should be considered in their totality when implementing BWA systems. Scope This Recommendation is based on the standards approved and publish
19、ed by ITU-T for cable modems (specifically ITU-T Recommendation J.112, Annex B), but adapts the technical parameters for use in the wireless access environment, that is for BWA customer premises equipment (CPE) modems. The commonality is maximized to achieve economies of scale. This Recommendation i
20、s complementary to ITU-T Recommendation J.116. This Recommendation and ITU-T Recommendation J.116 should be considered in their totality when implementing BWA systems. References The following ITU Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitu
21、te provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; all users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the R
22、ecommendations and other references listed below. Lists of the currently valid ITU Recommendations are regularly published. Recommendation ITU-R F.755: Point-to-multipoint systems used in the fixed service Recommendation ITU-R F.1402: Frequency sharing criteria between a land mobile wireless access
23、system and a fixed wireless access system using the same equipment type as the mobile wireless access system Recommendation ITU-R F.1400: Performance and availability requirements and objectives for fixed wireless access to public switched telephone network Recommendation ITU-R F.1399: Vocabulary of
24、 terms for wireless access 4 Rec. ITU-R F.1499 Recommendation ITU-R F.1401: Frequency bands for fixed wireless access systems and the identification methodology ITU-T Recommendation H.222.0: ISO/IEC 13818-1: 1996, Information technology Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio informat
25、ion: Systems ITU-T Recommendation I.361: B-ISDN ATM layer specification ITU-T Recommendation I.363: B-ISDN ATM adaptation layer (AAL) specification ITU-T Recommendation J.83: Digital multi-programme systems for television, sound and data services for cable distribution ITU-T Recommendation J.110: Ba
26、sic principles for a worldwide common family of systems for the provision of interactive television services ITU-T Recommendation J.111: Network independent protocols for interactive systems ITU-T Recommendation J.112: Transmission systems for interactive cable television services ITU-T Recommendati
27、on J.116: Interaction channel for local multipoint distribution systems ITU-T Recommendation V.21: 300 bits per second duplex modem standardized for use in the general switched telephone network ITU-T Recommendation V.22: 1 200 bits per second duplex modem standardized for use in the general switche
28、d telephone network and on point-to-point 2-wire leased telephone-type circuits ITU-T Recommendation V.22bis: 2 400 bits per second duplex modem using the frequency division technique standardized for use on the general switched telephone network and on point-to-point 2-wire leased telephone-type ci
29、rcuits ITU-T Recommendation V.23: 600/1 200-baud modem standardized for use in the general switched telephone network ITU-T Recommendation V.25: Automatic answering equipment and general procedures for automatic calling equipment on the general switched telephone network including procedures for dis
30、abling of echo control devices for both manually and automatically established calls ITU-T Recommendation V.32: A family of 2-wire, duplex modems operating at data signalling rates of up to 9 600 bit/s for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased telephone-type circuits ITU-T Reco
31、mmendation V.32bis: A duplex modem operating at data signalling rates of up to 14 400 bit/s for use on the general switched telephone network and on leased point-to-point 2-wire telephone-type circuits ITU-T Recommendation V.34: A modem operating at data signalling rates of up to 33 600 bit/s for us
32、e on the general switched telephone network and on leased point-to-point 2-wire telephone-type circuits ITU-T Recommendation V.42: Error-correcting procedures for DCEs using asynchronous-to-synchronous conversion ITU-T Recommendation X.25: Interface between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-t
33、erminating Equipment (DCE) for terminals operating in the packet mode and connected to public data networks by dedicated circuit ITU-T Recommendation Z.100: CCITT Specification and Description Language (SDL) Rec. ITU-R F.1499 5 ISO/IEC: ISO 8025: Information processing systems Open Systems Interconn
34、ection Specification of the Basic Encoding Rules for Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) (December, 1987) ISO/IEC 8802-2: Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 2: Logical link control, 1994
35、(IEEE Std 802.2: 1994) ISO/IEC 8802-3: Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements Part 3: Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical sublayer specificat
36、ions, 1996 (IEEE Std 802.3: 1996) ISO/IEC 10038: Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local area networks Media access control (MAC) bridges, 1993 (ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D: 1993) ISO/IEC 10039: Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Local area
37、networks Medium Access Control (MAC) service definition, 1991 ISO/IEC 15802-1: Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks Common specifications Part 1: Medium Access Control (MAC) service definition, 1995 IETF: RFC-791: POS
38、TEL, J. September, 1981 Internet Protocol (MIL STD 1777). Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). RFC-826: PLUMMER, D. November, 1982 Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol: Or converting network protocol addresses to 48-bit Ethernet address for transmission on Ethernet hardware. RFC-868: HARRENSTIEN,
39、 K. and POSTEL, J. May, 1983 Time Protocol. IETF. RFC-1042: POSTEL, J. and REYNOLDS, J. February, 1988 A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams over IEEE 802 Networks. IETF. RFC-1058: HEDRICK, C. June, 1988 Routing Information Protocol. IETF. RFC-1157: SCHOFFSTALL, M., FEDOR, M., DAVIN, J. an
40、d CASE, J. May, 1990 A Simple Management Protocol (SNMP). IETF. RFC-1350: SOLLINGS, K. July, 1992 The TFTP Protocol (Revision 2). IETF. RFC-1533: ALEXANDER, S. and DROMS, R. October, 1993 DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions. IETF. RFC-1541: DROMS, R. October, 1993 Dynamic Host Configuration Pro
41、tocol. IETF. RFC-1633: BRADEN, R., CLARK, D. and SHENKER, S. June, 1994 Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: An Overview. IETF. RFC-1812: BAKER, F. June, 1995 Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers. IETF. RFC-2104: KRAWCZYK, H., BELLARE, M. and CANETTI, R. February, 1997 HMAC: Keyed-Hash
42、ing for Message Authentication. IETF. 6 Rec. ITU-R F.1499 Definitions and abbreviations Address resolution protocol (ARP): A protocol of the IETF for converting network addresses to 48-bit Ethernet addresses. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM): A protocol for the transmission of a variety of digital s
43、ignals using uniform 53-byte cells. Availability: Is the long-term ratio of the actual RF channel operation time to scheduled RF channel operation time (expressed as a per cent value) and is based on a bit error rate (BER) assumption. Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU): Spanning tree protocol messages
44、 as defined in ISO/IEC10038. Broadcast addresses: A predefined destination address that denotes the set of all data network service access points. Burst error second: Any errored second containing at least 100 errors. BWA BTS modem: Broadband wireless access base transceiver station modem. One or mo
45、re downstream demodulators and their corresponding upstream modulators. BWA CPE modem: Broadband wireless access customer premises equipment modem. Carrier hum modulation: The peak-to-peak magnitude of the amplitude distortion relative to the RF carrier signal level due to the fundamental and low-or
46、der harmonics of the power-supply frequency. Carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N): The square of the ratio of the root mean square (r.m.s.) of the voltage of the digitally-modulated RF carrier to the r.m.s. of the continuous random noise voltage in the defined measurement bandwidth. (If not specified explic
47、itly, the measurement bandwidth is the symbol rate of the digital modulation.) Cross-modulation: A form of television signal distortion where modulation from one or more television channels is imposed on another channel or channels. Customer: See end user. Customer premises equipment (CPE): Equipmen
48、t at the end users premises; may be provided by the end user or the service provider. Data link layer: Layer 2 in the open system interconnection (OSI) architecture; the layer that provides services to transfer data over the transmission link between open systems. Downstream: The direction of transm
49、ission from the BTS to the subscriber. Dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP): An Internet protocol used for assigning network-layer (IP) addresses. Dynamic range: The ratio between the greatest signal power that can be transmitted over a multichannel analogue transmission system without exceeding distortion or other performance limits, and the least signal power that can be utilized without exceeding noise, error rate or other performance limits. End user: A human being, organization, or telecommunic
