1、Designation: F 1273 91 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Specification forTank Vent Flame Arresters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1273; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirementsfor design, construction, performance, and testing of t
3、ank ventflame arresters.1.2 This specification is intended for flame arresters protect-ing systems containing vapors of flammable or combustibleliquids where vapor temperatures do not exceed 60C. The testmedia defined in 9.1.1 can be used except where arrestersprotect systems handling vapors with a
4、maximum experimentalsafe gap (MESG) below 0.9 mm. Flame arresters protectingsuch systems must be tested with appropriate media (the samevapor or a media having a MESG no greater than the vapor).Various gases and their respective MESG are listed in Table 1.NOTE 1Flame arresters meeting this specifica
5、tion also comply withthe minimum requirements of the International Maritime Organization,Maritime Safety Committee Circular No. 373 (MSC/Circ. 373/Rev. 1).1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are tobe regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesesare for information only
6、.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portions, Sections 8 and 9, of this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropria
7、te safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.5 This standard should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used t
8、o describe or appraise the fire hazard orfire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fireconditions. However, results of this test may be used aselements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account allof the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the firehazard of a
9、particular end use2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 722 Specification for Welded Joints for Shipboard PipingSystemsF 1155 Practice for Selection and Application of PipingSystem Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings32.3 Other Documents:ASME Boiler and Pressure
10、Vessel Code: Section VIII,Division 1, Pressure Vessels4ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section IX,Welding and Brazing Qualifications4International Maritime Organization, Maritime Safety Com-mittee: MSC/Circ. 373/Rev. 1 Revised Standards for theDesign, Testing and Locating of Devices to Prevent
11、 thePassage of Flame into Cargo Tanks in Tankers5International Electrotechnical Commission: Publication 79-1Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 flame arrestera device to prevent the passage offlame in accordance with a specified performance standard
12、. Itsflame arresting element is based on the principle of quenching.3.1.2 flame passagethe transmission of a flame through aflame arrester.3.1.3 flame speedthe speed at which a flame propagatesalong a pipe or other system.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsan
13、d Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 onMachinery and Piping Systems.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1273 - 91(2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the A
14、STM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 100
15、36, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http:/www.asme.org.5Available from International Maritime Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,London SE1 7SR, England.6Available from Intern
16、ational Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembe,Case Postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.4 gasoline vaporsa nonleaded petroleum distillateconsisting essentially of al
17、iphatic hydrocarbon compoundswith a boiling range of approximately 65 to 75C.4. Classification4.1 The two types of flame arresters covered in this speci-fication are classified as follows:4.1.1 Type IFlame arresters acceptable for end-of-lineapplications.4.1.2 Type IIFlame arresters acceptable for i
18、n-line appli-cations.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for flame arresters under this specification shallinclude the following information, as applicable:5.1.1 Type (I or II),5.1.2 Nominal pipe size,5.1.3 Each gas or vapor in the tank being protected by theflame arrester and the corresponding MESG,5
19、.1.4 Inspection and tests other than those specified by thisspecification,5.1.5 Anticipated ambient air temperature range,5.1.6 Purchasers inspection requirements (see 10.1),5.1.7 Description of installation (distance and configurationof pipe between the arrester and the atmosphere or potentialignit
20、ion source) (see 8.2.4.2),5.1.8 Materials of construction (see Section 6), and5.1.9 Maximum flow rate and the design pressure drop forthat maximum flow rate.6. Materials6.1 The flame arrester housing, and other parts or boltingused for pressure retention, shall be constructed of materialslisted in P
21、ractice F 1155, or Section VIII, Division 1 of theASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.6.1.1 Arrester, elements, gaskets, and seals shall be ofmaterials resistant to attack by seawater and the liquids andvapors contained in the tank being protected (see 5.1.3).6.2 Nonmetallic materials, other than g
22、askets and seals,shall not be used in the construction of pressure-retainingcomponents of the flame arrester.6.2.1 Nonmetallic gaskets and seals shall be noncombus-tible and suitable for the service intended.6.3 Bolting materials, other than those in 6.1, shall be atleast equal to those listed in Ta
23、ble 1 of ANSI B16.5.6.4 The possibility of galvanic corrosion shall be consideredin the selection of materials.6.5 All other parts shall be constructed of materials suitablefor the service intended.7. Other Requirements7.1 Flame arrester housings shall be gastight to prevent theescape of vapors.7.2
24、Flame arrester elements shall fit in the housing in amanner that will ensure tightness of metal-to-metal contacts insuch a way that flame cannot pass between the element and thehousing.7.2.1 The net free area through flame arrester elements shallbe at least 1.5 times the cross-sectional area of the
25、arresterinlet.7.3 Housings and elements shall be of substantial construc-tion and designed for the mechanical and other loads intendedduring service. In addition, they shall be capable of withstand-ing the maximum and minimum pressures and temperatures towhich the device may be exposed under both no
26、rmal and thespecified fire test conditions in Section 9.7.4 Threaded or flanged pipe connections shall comply withthe applicable B16 standards in Practice F 1155. Welded jointsshall comply with Specification F 722.7.5 All flat joints of the housing shall be machined true andshall provide for a joint
27、 having adequate metal-to-metalcontact.7.6 Where welded construction is used for pressure-retaining components, welded joint design details, welding,and nondestructive testing shall be in accordance with SectionVIII, Division 1 of the ASME Code and Specification F 722.Welders and weld procedures sha
28、ll be qualified in accordancewith Section IX of the ASME Code.7.7 The design of flame arresters shall allow for ease ofinspection and removal of internal elements for replacement,cleaning, or repair without removal of the entire device fromthe system.TABLE 1 Gases and Their MESGsInflammable Gas orVa
29、porMaximum ExperimentalSafe Gapmm in.Methane 1.170 0.046Blast furnace gas 1.193 0.047Propane 0.965 0.038Butane 1.066 0.042Pentane 1.016 0.040Hexane 0.965 0.038Heptane 0.965 0.038Iso-octane 1.040 0.041Decane 1.016 0.040Benzene 0.99 0.039Xylene 1.066 0.042Cyclohexane 0.94 0.037Acetone 1.016 0.040Ethyl
30、ene 0.71 0.028Methyl-ethyl-ketone 1.016 0.040Carbon monoxide 0.915 0.036Methyl-acetate 0.990 0.039Ethyl-acetate 1.04 0.041Propyl-acetate 1.04 0.041Butyl-acetate 1.016 0.040Amyl-acetate 0.99 0.039Methyl alcohol 0.915 0.036Ethyl alcohol 1.016 0.040Iso-butyl-alcohol 0.965 0.038Butyl-alcohol(normal)0.94
31、 0.037Amyl-alcohol 0.99 0.039Ethyl-ether 0.864 0.034Coal gas (H257 %) 0.482 0.019Acetylene 0.025 0.001Carbon disulphide 0.203 0.008Hydrogen 0.102 0.004Blue water gas (H253%CO47%)0.203 0.008Ethyl nitrate 0.025 0.001Ammonia 3.33 0.133Ethylene oxide ;0.65 ;0.026Ethyl nitrite 0.922 0.038F 1273 91 (2007)
32、27.8 Flame arresters shall allow for efficient drainage ofcondensate without impairing their efficiency to prevent thepassage of flame.7.8.1 Where the design does not permit complete drainageof condensate through its connection to the tank, the housingshall be fitted with a plugged drain opening on
33、the side of theatmospheric outlet of not less than12-in. nominal pipe size(NPS12).7.9 All fastenings shall be protected against loosening.7.10 Flame arresters shall be designed and constructed tominimize the effect of fouling under normal operating condi-tions.7.11 Flame arresters shall be capable o
34、f operating over thefull range of ambient air temperatures anticipated.7.12 End-of-line flame arresters shall be so constructed as todirect the efflux vertically upward.7.13 Flame arresters shall be of first class workmanship andfree from imperfections that may affect their intended purpose.7.14 Tan
35、k vent flame arresters shall show no flame passagewhen subjected to the tests in 8.2.4.8. Prototype Tests8.1 Tests shall be conducted by an independent laboratorycapable of performing the tests. The manufacturer, in choosinga laboratory, accepts that it is a qualified independent labora-tory by dete
36、rmining that it has (or has access to) the apparatus,facilities, personnel, and calibrated instruments that are neces-sary to test flame arresters in accordance with this specifica-tion.8.1.1 A test report shall be prepared by the laboratory thatshall include the following:8.1.1.1 Detailed drawings
37、of the flame arrester and itscomponents (including a parts list identifying the materials ofconstruction).8.1.1.2 Types of tests conducted and results obtained,8.1.1.3 Specific advice on approved attachments (see8.2.4.1),8.1.1.4 Types of gases or vapors for which the flame arresteris approved (see 5
38、.1.3),8.1.1.5 Drawings of the test rig,8.1.1.6 Records of all markings found on the tested flamearrester, and8.1.1.7 A report number.8.2 One of each model Type I and Type II flame arrestershall be tested. Where approval of more than one size of aflame arrester model is desired, the largest and small
39、est sizesshall be tested. A change of design, material, or constructionthat may affect the corrosion resistance, endurance burn, orflashback capabilities of the flame arrester shall be considereda change of model.8.2.1 The flame arrester shall have the same dimensions,configuration, and the most unf
40、avorable clearances expected inproduction units.8.2.2 A corrosion test shall be conducted. In this test, acomplete arrester, including a section of pipe similar to that towhich it will be fitted, shall be exposed to a 20 % sodiumchloride solution spray at a temperature of 25C for a period of240 h an
41、d allowed to dry for 48 h. Following this exposure, allmovable parts shall operate properly and there shall be nocorrosion deposits that cannot be washed off.8.2.3 Performance characteristics as declared by the manu-facturer, such as flow rates under both positive and negativepressure, operating sen
42、sitivity, flow resistance, and velocity,shall be demonstrated by appropriate tests.8.2.4 Tank vent flame arresters shall be tested for enduranceburn and flashback in accordance with the test procedures inSection 9. The following constraints apply:8.2.4.1 Where a Type I flame arrester is provided wit
43、hcowls, weather hoods, deflectors, and so forth, it shall be testedin each configuration in which it is provided.8.2.4.2 Type II arresters shall be specifically tested with theinclusion of all pipes, tees, bends, cowls, weather hoods, and soforth, which may be fitted between the arrester and theatmo
44、sphere.8.2.5 Devices that are provided with a heating arrangementshall pass the required tests at the heated temperature.8.2.6 After all tests are completed, the device shall bedisassembled and examined, and no part of the device shall bedamaged or show permanent deformation.9. Test Procedures for F
45、lame Arresters9.1 Media/Air Mixtures:9.1.1 For vapors from flammable or combustible liquidswith a MESG greater than or equal to 0.9 mm, technical gradehexane or gasoline vapors shall be used for all tests in thissection, except technical grade propane may be used for theflashback test in 9.2. For va
46、pors with a MESG less than 0.9mm, the specific vapor (or alternatively, a media with a MESGless than or equal to the MESG of the vapor) shall be used asthe test medium in all Section 9 tests.9.1.2 Hexane, propane, gasoline, and chemical vapors shallbe mixed with air to form the most easily ignitable
47、 mixture.79.2 Flashback Test:9.2.1 A flashback test shall be carried out as follows:9.2.1.1 The test rig shall consist of an apparatus producingan explosive mixture, a small tank with a diaphragm, aprototype of the flame arrester, a plastic bag,8and a firingsource in three positions (see Fig. 1).99.
48、2.1.2 The tank, flame arrester assembly, and plastic bagenveloping the prototype flame arrester shall be filled so thatthis volume contains the most easily ignitable vapor/air mix-ture.7The concentration of the mixture should be verified byappropriate testing of the gas composition in the plastic ba
49、g.Three ignition sources shall be installed along the axis of thebag, one close to the flame arrester, another as far away aspossible therefrom, and the third at the midpoint between thesetwo. These three sources shall be fired in succession, oneduring each of the three tests. Flame passage shall not occurduring this test.7See IEC Publication 79-1.8The dimensions of the plastic bag are dependent on those of the flame arrester.The plastic bag may have a circumference of 2 m, a length of 2.5 m, and a wallthickness of 0.05 m.9To prevent remnants of the plastic bag from fall
