1、 Recommendation ITU-R F.339-8(02/2013)Bandwidths, signal-to-noise ratios andfading allowances in HF fixed and landmobile radiocommunication systemsF SeriesFixed serviceii Rec. ITU-R F.339-8 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economi
2、cal use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by Wo
3、rld and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used
4、for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Serie
5、s of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermi
6、nation, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satel
7、lite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2013 ITU 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this public
8、ation may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R F.339-8 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.339-8 Bandwidths, signal-to-noise ratios and fading allowances in HF fixed and land mobile radiocommunication systems (1951-1953-1956-1963-1966-1970-1974-1978-1982-1986-20
9、06-2013) Scope This Recommendation shows selected examples of various HF (3-30 MHz) fixed and land mobile service systems that are currently in use and describes the key system parameters (bandwidths, signal-to-noise density ratios and fading allowances) for these systems. The system parameters shou
10、ld be used in the deployment of HF systems and could be used in sharing studies. The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that it is desirable to classify the technical aspects with which future studies will have to deal; b) that there is a need for numerical values which take into accoun
11、t fading and fluctuations in field intensity; c) that, however, the information contained in Annex 1 to Recommendation ITU-R P.313 gives some results from which provisional data on fading conditions can be derived; d) that there are a large variety of HF fixed and land mobile systems in operation or
12、 being developed to meet future requirements. Consequently, there is no one single “typical” system as a general purpose model, recommends 1 that the values given in Tables 1 to 4 of Annex 1 should be used for the signal-to-noise density ratio (SNR) required for the class of emission concerned; 2 th
13、at the values given in the fading condition columns of Table 1 in Annex 1, in conjunction with the estimate of the intensity fluctuation factor given in Note 4 to Table 1, may be used as an aid to estimate monthly-median values of hourly-median field intensities necessary for the various types and g
14、rades of service; 3 that the Note shown below should be considered part of this Recommendation. NOTE Use of the recommended values only provides an estimate to be obtained, which may have to be adjusted for radio circuits of different path lengths depending on the grade of service required. 2 Rec. I
15、TU-R F.339-8 Annex 1 TABLE 1 Required signal-to-noise ratios Class of emission Pre- detection bandwidth of receiver (Hz) Post- detection bandwidth of receiver (Hz) Grade of service Audio SNR(1)(dB) Average RF SNR(2)(3)(dB/Hz) Stable condition Fading condition (4) (5)Non- diversity Dual diversity A1
16、A Telegraphy 8 Bd 3 000 1 500 Aural reception (6)4 31 38 A1 B Telegraphy 50 Bd, printer 250 250 Commercial grade (7)16 40 58 A1 B Telegraphy 120 Bd, undulator 600 600 10 38 49 A2 A Telegraphy 8 Bd 3 000 1 500 Aural reception (6)(19)4 35 38 A2 B Telegraphy 24 Bd 3 000 1 500 Commercial grade (7)(19)11
17、 50 56 F1 B Telegraphy 50 Bd, printer 2D = 200 Hz to 400 Hz 1 500 100 PC= 0.01PC= 0.001 PC= 0.0001(8) 455156(9) 536374(9) 455259(9) F1 B Telegraphy 100 Bd, printer 2D = 170 Hz, ARQ 300 300 (10)43 52 F1 B Telegraphy 200 Bd, printer 2D = 400 Hz, ARQ (10)F1B Telegraphy MFSK 33-tone ITA2 10 character/s
18、400 400 PC= 0.01PC= 0.001 PC= 0.0001(8) 23 24 26 374552(25) 29 34 39 F1B Telegraphy MFSK 12-tone ITA5 10 character/s 300 300 PC= 0.01PC= 0.001 PC= 0.0001(8) 26 27 29 424956(25) 32 36 42 F1B Telegraphy MFSK 6-tone ITA2 10 character/s 180 180 PC= 0.01PC= 0.001 PC= 0.0001(8) 25 26 28 414855(25) 31 35 4
19、1 F7B Telegraphy R3C Phototelegraphy 60 rpm 3 000 3 000 50 59 R3C Phototelegraphy 60 rpm 1 100 3 000 Marginally commercial (22)Good commercial (22)15 20 50 55 58 65 A3E Telephony double sideband 6 000 3 000 Just usable (11)Marginally commercial (12)Good commercial (13)61533(18) 50 59 67(14) 51 64 75
20、(14)(20)48 60 70(14)(15)(20)H3E Telephony single-sideband full carrier 3 000 3 000 Just usable (11)Marginally commercial (12)Good commercia l (13)61533(18) 53 62 70(14)(23)54 67 78(14)(20)51 63 73(14)(15)(20)R3E Telephony single-sideband reduced carrier 3 000 3 000 Just usable (11)Marginally commerc
21、ial (12)Good commercial (13)61533(18) 48 57 65(14)(24)49 62 73(14)(20)46 58 68(14)(15)(20)J3E Telephony single-sideband suppressed carrier 3 000 3 000 Just usable (11)Marginally commercial (12)Good commercial (13)61533(18) 47 56 64(14) 48 61 72(14)(20)45 57 67(14)(15)(20)B8E Telephony independent-si
22、deband 2 channels 6 000 3 000 per channel Just usable (11)Marginally commercial (12)Good commercial (13)61533(18) 49 58 66(14) 50 63 74(14)(20)47 59 69(14)(15)(20)Rec. ITU-R F.339-8 3 TABLE 1 (continued) Class of emission Pre- detection bandwidth of receiver (Hz) Post- detection bandwidth of receive
23、r (Hz) Grade of service Audio SNR(1)(dB) Average RF SNR(2)(3)(dB/Hz) Stable condition Fading condition (4) (5)Non- diversity Dual diversity B8E Telephony independent-sideband 4 channels 12 000 3 000 per channel Just usable (11)Marginally commercial (12)Good commercial (13)61533(18) 50 59 67(14) 51 6
24、4 75(14)(20)48 60 70(14)(15)(20)J7B Multichannel V.F. telegraphy 16 channels 75 Bd each 3 000 110 per channel PC= 0.01PC= 0.001 PC= 0.0001(8) 596569(21) 677787(21) 596672(21) J7B Multichannel V.F. telegraphy 15 channels 100 Bd each with ARQ 3 000 110 per channel (10)R7B Multichannel V.F. telegraphy
25、reduced carrier B7W Composite 16 channels 75 Bd each 1 telephony channel (16)6 000 110 per telegraphy channel 3 000 for the telephony channel PC= 0.01 PC= 0.001 PC= 0.0001(8) 606670(17) 687888(17) 606773(17) (1)Noise bandwidth equal to post-detection bandwidth of receiver. For an independent-sideban
26、d telephony noise bandwidth equal to the post-detection bandwidth of one channel. (2)The figures in this column of Table 1 represent the ratio of signal peak envelope power to the average noise power in a 1 Hz bandwidth except for double-sideband A3E emission where the figures represent the ratio of
27、 the carrier power to the average noise power in a 1 Hz bandwidth. (3)The values of the radio-frequency signal-to-noise density ratio for telephony listed in this column, apply when conventional terminals are used.They can be reduced considerably (by amounts as yet undetermined) when terminals of th
28、e type using linked compressor expanders (Lincompex) are used (see Recommendation ITU-R F.1111). A speech-to-noise (r.m.s. voltage) ratio of 7 dB measured at audio-frequency in a 3 kHz band has been found to correspond to just marginally commercial quality at the output of the system, taking into ac
29、count the compandor improvement. (4)The values in these columns represent the median values of the fading signal power necessary to yield an equivalent grade of service, and do not include the intensity fluctuation factor (allowance for day-to-day fluctuation). In general, a value of 11.5 dB may be
30、added as the intensity fluctuation factor to the values in these columns to arrive at provisional values for the total required signal-to-noise density ratios which may be used as a guide to estimate required monthly-median values of hourly-median field strength. This value of 11.5 dB has been obtai
31、ned as follows: The intensity fluctuation factor for the signal, against steady noise, is 10 dB, estimated to give protection for 90% of the days. The fluctuations in intensity of atmospheric noise are also taken to be 10 dB for 90% of the days. Assuming that there is no correlation between the fluc
32、tuations in intensity of the noise and those of the signal, a good estimate of the combined signal and noise intensity fluctuation factor is: dB5.111010log1022=+ (5)In calculating the radio-frequency signal-to-noise density ratios for rapid short-period fading, a log-normal amplitude distribution of
33、 the received fading signal has been used (using 7 dB for the ratio of median level to level exceeded for 10% or 90% of the time) except for high-speed automatic telegraphy services, where the protection has been calculated on the assumption of a Rayleigh distribution. Notes (6)to (25)refer to prote
34、ction against rapid or short-period fading. (6)For protection 90% of the time. (7)For A1B telegraphy, 50 baud printer: for protection 99.99% of the time. For A2B telegraphy, 24 bauds: for protection 98% of the time. (8)The symbol PCstands for the probability of character error. (9)Atmospheric noise
35、(Vd= 6 dB) is assumed. (10)Based on 90% traffic efficiency. (11)For 90% sentence intelligibility. (12)When connected to the public service network: based on 80% protection. 4 Rec. ITU-R F.339-8 Notes relative to Table 1 (end): (13)When connected to the public service network: based on 90% protection
36、. (14)Assuming 10 dB improvement due to the use of noise reducers. (15)Diversity improvement based on a wide-spaced (several kilometres) diversity. (16)Transmitter loading of 80% of the rated peak envelope power of the transmitter by the multi-channel telegraph signal is assumed. (17)Required signal
37、-to-noise density ratio based on performance of telegraphy channels. (18)For telephony, the figures in this column represent the ratio of the audio-frequency signal, as measured on a standard VU-meter, to the r.m.s. noise, for a bandwidth of 3 kHz. (The corresponding peak signal power, i.e. when the
38、 transmitter is 100% tone-modulated, is assumed to be 6 dB higher.) (19)Total sideband power, combined with keyed carrier, is assumed to give partial (two element) diversity effect. An allowance of 4 dB is made for 90% protection (8 bauds), and 6 dB for 98% protection (24 bauds). (20)Used if Lincomp
39、ex terminals will reduce these figures by an amount yet to be determined. (21)For fewer channels these figures will be different. The relationship between the number of channels and the required signal-to-noise ratio has yet to be determined. (22)Quality judged in accordance with Recommendation ITU-
40、T T.22 Standardized test charts for document facsimile transmissions. (23)For class of emission H3E the levels of sideband signals and pilot-carrier corresponding to 100% modulation are each 6 dB relative peak envelope power (p.e.p.). SSB receiver used for reception. (24)For class of emission R3E th
41、e pilot-carrier level of 20 dB relative to p.e.p. is applied and the level of the sideband signal corresponding to 100%modulation is 1 dB lower than the p.e.p. (25)Dependent on fading rate, typical values shown.TABLE 2 Required average SNRs for 39-tone QDPSK HF modem (J2D Class of emission) a) Avera
42、ge SNR (dB/Hz) BER Data rate 2 400 bit/s Data rate 1 200 bit/s AWGN channel(d)Fading condition(a) (b) (c)AWGN channel(d)Fading condition(a) (b) (c)39 8.6 1026.4 10244 3.5 1024.4 10349 1.0 1023.4 10454 1.0 1039.0 10664 1.8 1042.7 106b) Average SNR (dB/Hz) BER Data rate 300 bit/s Data rate 75 bit/s AW
43、GN channel(d)Fading condition(a) (b) (c)AWGN channel(d)Fading condition(a) (b) (c)34 1.8 1024.4 10436 6.4 1035.0 10538 1.0 1031.0 10640 5.0 1051.0 10642 1.5 1061.0 106Rec. ITU-R F.339-8 5 Notes relative to Table 2 (end): (a)Two independent equal average power Rayleigh fading paths, with a fixed 2 ms
44、 delay between paths, with 1 Hz fading. (b)72-frame “very long” interleaver. (c)The values in these columns represent the RMS values of the fading signal power necessary to yield an equivalent grade of service. (d)“AWGN”: Un-faded channel with additive white Gaussian noise. TABLE 3 Required average
45、SNRs for data rates and modulation shown (J2D Class of Emission) a) User data rate (bit/s) Modulation Average SNR (dB/Hz) BER 1.0 104BER 1.0 105AWGN channel(d)Fading condition (a) (b) (c)AWGN channel(d)Fading condition (a) (b) (c)12 800 64-QAM 61 62 9 600 64-QAM 55 64 56 66 8 000 32-QAM 53 60 53 626
46、 400 16-QAM 50 57 50 58 4 800 8-PSK 47 54 48 553 200 QPSK 43 48 43 49 b) User data rate (bit/s) Modulation Average SNR (dB/Hz) BER 1.0 102BER 1.0 103AWGN channel(d)Fading condition (a) (b) (c)AWGN channel(d)Fading condition (a) (b) (c)1 200 8-PSK 43 44 54 2 400 8-PSK 44 49 49 593 600 8-PSK 51 54 53
47、74 (a)Two independent equal average power Rayleigh fading paths, with a fixed 2 ms delay between paths, with 1 Hz fading. (b)72-frame “very long” interleaver. (c)The values in these columns represent the RMS values of the fading signal power necessary to yield an equivalent grade of service. (d)“AWG
48、N”: Un-faded channel with additive white Gaussian noise. 6 Rec. ITU-R F.339-8 TABLE 4a Data rates and modulation (J2D Class of Emission) in 3 to 24 kHz bandwidths for scalable digital modulation system Waveform number Modulation Data rate (bit/s) 3 (kHz) 6 (kHz) 9 (kHz) 12 (kHz) 15 (kHz) 18 (kHz) 21
49、 (kHz) 24 (kHz) 0 Walsh 75 150 300 300 300 600 300 600 1 BPSK 150 300 600 600 600 1 200 600 1 200 2 BPSK 300 600 1 200 1 200 1 200 2 400 1 200 2 400 3 BPSK 600 1 200 2 400 2 400 2 400 4 800 2 400 4 800 4 BPSK 1 200 2 400 4 800 4 800 4 800 9 600 5 BPSK 1 600 3 200 4 800 6 400 8 000 9 600 9 600 12 800 6 QPSK 3
